Reference Type: Book Record Number: 1448 Year: 1993 Title: Theory, policy and dynamics in international trade: Essays in honor of Ronald W. Jones Publisher: Edited by Wilfred J. Ethier, Elhanan Helpman, and J. Peter Neary. Cambridge; New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press Number of Pages: ix Short Title: Theory, policy and dynamics in international trade: Essays in honor of Ronald W. Jones Keywords: Trade: General F100 Abstract: Fifteen papers, resulting from a conference held at the University of Pennsylvania in November 1990, were written in honor of Ronald Jones on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday in 1991 and in recognition of his contribution to international economics. Papers focus on Ronald Jones and the theory of international trade; history, geography, and the theory of trade; the structure of simple trade models; policy toward international trade; and trade, growth, and dynamics. Ethier is at the University of Pennsylvania. Helpman is at Tel Aviv University. Neary is at the University College Dublin. Index. Notes: [Jones, Ronald W.] Accession Number: 0319745; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-521-43442-4; Keywords: International Trade; Trade; Publication Type: Book; Update Code: 199403 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 826 Year: 2005 Title: Non-linear and Non-Gaussian Models: Introduction Editor: A. Harvey and T. Proietti Book Title: Readings in Unobserved Components Models Publisher: Advanced Texts in Econometrics. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 302-315 Short Title: Non-linear and Non-Gaussian Models: Introduction Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C320 Notes: Accession Number: 0851032; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-19-927865-2 (cloth); 0-19-927869-5 (pbk); ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200607 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1003 Year: 2005 Title: Readings in Unobserved Components Models: Foreword Editor: A. Harvey and T. Proietti Book Title: Readings in Unobserved Components Models Publisher: Advanced Texts in Econometrics. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press Pages: v-vi Short Title: Readings in Unobserved Components Models: Foreword Keywords: Introductory Material Y200 Notes: Accession Number: 0851016; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-19-927865-2 (cloth); 0-19-927869-5 (pbk); ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200607 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1099 Year: 2005 Title: Signal Extraction and Likelihood Inference for Linear UC Models: Introduction Editor: A. Harvey and T. Proietti Book Title: Readings in Unobserved Components Models Publisher: Advanced Texts in Econometrics. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 3-13 Short Title: Signal Extraction and Likelihood Inference for Linear UC Models: Introduction Keywords: Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C320 Notes: Accession Number: 0851017; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-19-927865-2 (cloth); 0-19-927869-5 (pbk); ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200607 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1227 Year: 2005 Title: Testing in Unobserved Components Models: Introduction Editor: A. Harvey and T. Proietti Book Title: Readings in Unobserved Components Models Publisher: Advanced Texts in Econometrics. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 253-259 Short Title: Testing in Unobserved Components Models: Introduction Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Notes: Accession Number: 0851029; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-19-927865-2 (cloth); 0-19-927869-5 (pbk); ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200607 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 87 Year: 2006 Title: Appendix B: Headline Tax and Benefit Rates and Thresholds Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, R. Harrison and D. Miles Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2006 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies in collaboration with Morgan Stanley Pages: 187-190 Short Title: Appendix B: Headline Tax and Benefit Rates and Thresholds Keywords: Data: Tables and Charts Y100 Notes: Accession Number: 0925451; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-903274-44-3; ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200708 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1324 Year: 2006 Title: The IFS Green Budget: Summary Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, R. Harrison and D. Miles Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2006 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies in collaboration with Morgan Stanley Pages: 1-6 Short Title: The IFS Green Budget: Summary Keywords: Introductory Material Y200 Notes: Accession Number: 0925440; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-903274-44-3; ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200708 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 584 Year: 2007 Title: Headline Tax and Benefit Rates and Thresholds Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, A. Leicester and D. Miles Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2007 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Pages: 247-250 Short Title: Headline Tax and Benefit Rates and Thresholds Keywords: Data: Tables and Charts Y100 Notes: Accession Number: 0973608; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-48-4; ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200806 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 583 Year: 2008 Title: Headline Tax and Benefit Rates and Thresholds Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, D. Miles and J. Shaw Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2008 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Pages: 296-299 Short Title: Headline Tax and Benefit Rates and Thresholds Keywords: Data: Tables and Charts Y100 Notes: Accession Number: 1018239; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-52-1; ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200902 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 84 Year: 2009 Title: Andrew S. Harvey Publications Journal: electronic International Journal of Time Use Research Volume: 6 Issue: 2 Pages: IX-xv Short Title: Andrew S. Harvey Publications ISSN: 18609937 DOI: http://www.eijtur.org/content.php Accession Number: 1151175 Keywords: History of Economic Thought: Individuals B310 Notes: Named Person: Harvey, Andrew S.; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201102 URL: http://www.eijtur.org/content.php Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 585 Year: 2009 Title: Headline Tax and Benefit Rates and Thresholds Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, D. Miles and J. Shaw Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2009 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies in collaboration with Morgan Stanley Pages: 246-249 Short Title: Headline Tax and Benefit Rates and Thresholds Keywords: Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies includes inheritance and gift taxes H240 Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Notes: Accession Number: 1084506; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-58-3; Keywords: Tax; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 201002 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1325 Year: 2009 Title: The IFS Green Budget: Summary Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, D. Miles and J. Shaw Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2009 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies in collaboration with Morgan Stanley Pages: 1-7 Short Title: The IFS Green Budget: Summary Keywords: Introductory Material Y200 Notes: Accession Number: 1084493; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-58-3; ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 201002 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 959 Author: Abramovsky, L.; Fitzsimons, E.; Goodman, A.; Griffith, R.; Harrison, R.; Simpson, H. Year: 2006 Title: Productivity Policy Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, R. Harrison and D. Miles Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2006 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies in collaboration with Morgan Stanley Pages: 149-163 Short Title: Productivity Policy Keywords: Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope L250 Personnel Economics: Training M530 Management of Technological Innovation and R&D O320 Technological Change: Government Policy O380 Regional Government Analysis: Land Use and Other Regulations R520 Notes: Accession Number: 0925447; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-903274-44-3; Keywords: Productivity; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200708 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 884 Author: Abramovsky, L.; Griffith, R. Year: 2005 Title of Work: Outsourcing and offshoring of business services: how important is ICT? Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W05/22 Pages: 16 pp. Short Title: Outsourcing and offshoring of business services: how important is ICT? DOI: http://www.ifs.org.uk/wps/wp0522.pdf Keywords: Firm Behavior: Theory D210 Multinational Firms International Business F230 Organization of Production L230 Abstract: This paper considers the impact that technology has on firms' choices over organisational form, in particular whether to produce inhouse or outsource and offshore services, and firms' decision over the location of activity. Technology reduces the transaction and adjustment costs of moving activity outside the firm and of carrying out at greater geographic distance. We find that more technology intensive firms purchase a greater amount of services on the market and purchase more offshore than less technologically intensive firms. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0831938; Keywords: Outsourcing, offshoring, ICT, business services; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200604 URL: http://www.ifs.org.uk/wps/wp0522.pdf Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 883 Author: Abramovsky, L.; Griffith, R. Year: 2006 Title: Outsourcing and Offshoring of Business Services: How Important Is ICT? Journal: Journal of the European Economic Association Volume: 4 Issue: 2-3 Pages: 594-601 Short Title: Outsourcing and Offshoring of Business Services: How Important Is ICT? ISSN: 15424766 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/jeea Accession Number: 0887008 Alternate Accession Number: EP21615506 Keywords: Multinational Firms International Business F230 Contracting Out Joint Ventures Technology Licensing L240 Abstract: This paper considers the impact that information and communication technology (ICT) has on firms' choices over organisational form. In particular, the decision over whether to produce in-house or outsource services, and the decision over the location of activity. ICT reduces the transaction and adjustment costs of moving activity outside the firm, and of carrying it out at greater geographic distance. We find that more ICT-intensive firms purchase a greater amount of services on the market and they are more likely to purchase offshore than less ICT-intensive firms. Notes: Keywords: Firm; Firms; Outsource; Outsourcing; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200702; Copyright: Copyright of Journal of the European Economic Association is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/jeea Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 627 Author: Abramovsky, L.; Griffith, R. Year: 2009 Title of Work: ICT, corporate restructuring and productivity Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W09/10 Short Title: ICT, corporate restructuring and productivity DOI: http://www.ifs.org.uk/wps/wp0910.pdf Keywords: Production and Organizations: General D200 Technological Change Research and Development: General O300 Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: General O400 Abstract: Stronger productivity growth in the US than the EU over the late 1990s is widely attributed to faster, more widespread adoption of information and communication technology (ICT). The literature has emphasised complementarities in production between ICT and internal restructuring as an important mechanism. We investigate the idea that increased use of ICT has facilitated outsourcing of business services, and that these are complementary activities in production because they allow firms to focus on their core competencies. This is consistent with evidence from the business literature and aggregate trends, and we show evidence from microdata that is consistent with this idea. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1061868; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200909 URL: http://www.ifs.org.uk/wps/wp0910.pdf Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Institute for Fiscal Studies and University College London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1355 Author: Abramovsky, L.; Griffith, R.; Macartney, G.; Miller, H. Year: 2008 Title of Work: The location of innovative activity in Europe Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W08/10 Pages: 56 pp. Short Title: The location of innovative activity in Europe DOI: http://www.ifs.org.uk/wps/wp0810.pdf Keywords: International Investment Long-term Capital Movements F210 Multinational Firms International Business F230 Technological Change Research and Development: General O300 Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: General H300 Abstract: In this paper we use new data to describe how firms from 15 European countries organise their innovative activities. The data matches firm level accounting data with information on the patents that those firms and their subsidiaries have applied for at the European Patents Office. We describe the data in detail. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1033063; Keywords: International investment and multinational firms; technological change and research and development; fiscal policies and behaviour of economic agents; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200905 URL: http://www.ifs.org.uk/wps/wp0810.pdf Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Institute for Fiscal Studies and University College London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 147 Author: Adam, S. Year: 2008 Title: Capital Gains Tax Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, D. Miles and J. Shaw Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2008 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Pages: 212-237 Short Title: Capital Gains Tax Keywords: Fiscal Policy E620 Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies includes inheritance and gift taxes H240 Entrepreneurship L260 Notes: Accession Number: 1018233; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-52-1; Keywords: Tax; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200902 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 122 Author: Agasisti, T.; Brown, S.; Green, C. Year: 2008 Title: Book reviews Volume: 16 Issue: 3 Pages: 307-311 Short Title: Book reviews ISSN: 09645292 Accession Number: EP34209346 Notes: Publication Type: Article; Copyright: Copyright of Education Economics is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: 10.1080/09645290802338201 Author Address: Department of Management, Economics & Industrial Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Italy Department of Economics, University of Sheffield, UK Department of Economics, Lancaster University Management School, UK Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 207 Author: Aghion, P.; Bloom, N.; Blundell, R.; Griffith, R.; Howitt, P. Year: 2002 Title of Work: Competition and Innovation: An Inverted U Relationship Institution: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, NBER Working Papers: 9269 Short Title: Competition and Innovation: An Inverted U Relationship DOI: http://www.nber.org/papers/w9269.pdf Keywords: Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance: General L100 Abstract: This paper investigates the relationship between product market competition (PMC) and innovation. A growth model is developed in which competition may increase the incremental profit from innovating; on the other hand, competition may also reduce innovation incentives for laggards. There are four key predictions. First, the relationship between product market competition (PMC) and innovation is an inverted U-shape. Second, the equilibrium degree of technological neck-and-neckness' among firms should decrease with PMC. Third, the higher the average degree of neck-and-neckness' in an industry, the steeper the inverted-U relationship. Fourth, firms may innovate more if subject to higher debt-pressure, especially at lower levels of PMC. We confront these predictions with data on UK firms' patenting activity at the US patenting office. They are found to accord well with observed behavior. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0714867; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w9269.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 208 Author: Aghion, P.; Bloom, N.; Blundell, R.; Griffith, R.; Howitt, P. Year: 2002 Title of Work: Competition and innovation: an inverted U relationship Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W02/04 Pages: 70 pages Short Title: Competition and innovation: an inverted U relationship DOI: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp0204.pdf Abstract: This paper investigates the relationship between product market competition (PMC) and innovation. A Schumpeterian growth model is developed in which firms innovate 'step-by-step', and where both technological leaders and their followers engage in R&D activities. In this model, competition may increase the incremental profit from innovating; on the other hand, competition may also reduce innovation incentives for laggards. This model generates four main predictions which we test empirically. First, the relationship between product market competition (PMC) and innovation is an inverted U-shape: the escape competition effect dominates for low initial levels of competition, whereas the Schumpeterian effect dominates at higher levels of competition. Second, the equilibrium degree of technological 'neck-and-neckness' among firms should decrease with PMC. Third, the higher the average degree of 'neck-and-neckness' in an industry, the steeper the inverted-U relationship between PMC and innovation in that industry. Fourth, firms may innovate more if subject to higher debt-pressure, especially at lower levels of PMC. We confront these four predictions with a new panel data set on UK firms' patenting activity at the US patenting office. The inverted U relationship, the neck and neck, and the debt pressure predictions are found to accord well with observed behavior in the data. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709468; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp0204.pdf Author Address: Harvard University and University College London Institute for Fiscal Studies Institute for Fiscal Studies and University College London Brown University Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 209 Author: Aghion, P.; Bloom, N.; Blundell, R.; Griffith, R.; Howitt, P. Year: 2005 Title: Competition and Innovation: An Inverted-U Relationship Journal: Quarterly Journal of Economics Volume: 120 Issue: 2 Pages: 701-728 Short Title: Competition and Innovation: An Inverted-U Relationship ISSN: 00335533 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/qjec Accession Number: 0798637 Alternate Accession Number: EP17109269 Keywords: Production, Pricing, and Market Structure Size Distribution of Firms L110 Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives O310 Abstract: This paper investigates the relationship between product market competition and innovation. We find strong evidence of an inverted-U relationship using panel data. We develop a model where competition discourages laggard firms from innovating but encourages neck-and-neck firms to innovate. Together with the effect of competition on the equilibrium industry structure, these generate an inverted-U. Two additional predictions of the model--that the average technological distance between leaders and followers increases with competition, and that the inverted-U is steeper when industries are more neck-and-neck--are both supported by the data. Notes: Keywords: Firm; Firms; Innovation; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200510; Copyright: © 2005 President & Fellows of Harvard University URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/qjec Author Address: Harvard U and Institute for Fiscal Studies Centre for Econ Performance, London School of Econ Institute for Fiscal Studies and U College London Brown U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 426 Author: Aghion, P.; Blundell, R.; Griffith, R.; Howitt, P.; Prantl, S. Year: 2004 Title: Entry and Productivity Growth: Evidence from Microlevel Panel Data Journal: Journal of the European Economic Association Volume: 2 Issue: 2-3 Pages: 265-276 Short Title: Entry and Productivity Growth: Evidence from Microlevel Panel Data ISSN: 15424766 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/jeea Accession Number: 0783880 Alternate Accession Number: EP13150191 Keywords: Production Cost Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity Capacity D240 Multinational Firms International Business F230 Production, Pricing, and Market Structure Size Distribution of Firms L110 Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives O310 Abstract: How does entry affect productivity growth of incumbents? In this paper we exploit policy reforms in the United Kingdom that changed entry conditions by opening up the U.K. economy during the 1980s and panel data on British establishments to shed light on this question. We show that more entry, measured by a higher share of industry employment in foreign firms, has led to faster total factor productivity growth of domestic incumbent firms and thus to faster aggregate productivity growth. Notes: Keywords: Entry; Factor Productivity; Firm; Firms; Productivity; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200507; Copyright: Copyright of Journal of the European Economic Association is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/jeea Author Address: Harvard U and IFS U College London and IFS Brown U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1280 Author: Aghion, P.; Blundell, R.; Griffith, R.; Howitt, P.; Prantl, S. Year: 2006 Title of Work: The Effects of Entry on Incumbent Innovation and Productivity Institution: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, NBER Working Papers: 12027 Short Title: The Effects of Entry on Incumbent Innovation and Productivity DOI: http://www.nber.org/papers/w12027.pdf Keywords: Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment: General (includes Measurement and Data) E200 Abstract: How does firm entry affect innovation incentives and productivity growth in incumbent firms? Micro-data suggests that there is heterogeneity across industries--incumbents in technologically advanced industries react positively to foreign firm entry, but not in laggard industries. To explain this pattern, we introduce entry into a Schumpeterian growth model with multiple sectors which differ by their distance to the technological frontier. We show that technologically advanced entry threat spurs innovation incentives in sectors close to the technological frontier--successful innovation allows incumbents to prevent entry. In laggard sectors it discourages innovation--increased entry threat reduces incumbents' expected rents from innovating. We find that the empirical patterns hold using rich micro-level productivity growth and patent panel data for the UK, and controlling for the endogeneity of entry by exploiting the large number of policy reforms undertaken during the Thatcher era. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0821360; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200603 URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w12027.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 427 Author: Aghion, P.; Blundell, R.; Griffith, R.; Howitt, P.; Prantl, S. Year: 2009 Title: Entry and Productivity Growth: Evidence from Microlevel Panel Data Editor: D. B. Audretsch, O. Falck and S. Heblich Book Title: Innovation and Entrepreneurship Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Entrepreneurship, vol. 14. Cheltenham, U.K. and Northampton, Mass.: Elgar Pages: 165-176 Short Title: Entry and Productivity Growth: Evidence from Microlevel Panel Data Reprint Edition: [2004] Keywords: Production Cost Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity Capacity D240 Multinational Firms International Business F230 Production, Pricing, and Market Structure Size Distribution of Firms L110 Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives O310 Notes: Accession Number: 1114662; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-84844-099-9; Keywords: Entry; Productivity; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 201007 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1278 Author: Aghion, P.; Blundell, R.; Griffith, R.; Howitt, P.; Prantl, S. Year: 2009 Title: The Effects of Entry on Incumbent Innovation and Productivity Journal: Review of Economics and Statistics Volume: 91 Issue: 1 Pages: 20-32 Short Title: The Effects of Entry on Incumbent Innovation and Productivity ISSN: 00346535 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/rest Accession Number: 1021161 Alternate Accession Number: EP36430545 Keywords: Production Cost Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity Capacity D240 Multinational Firms International Business F230 Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Production, Pricing, and Market Structure Size Distribution of Firms L110 Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives O310 Technological Change: Choices and Consequences Diffusion Processes O330 Abstract: How does firm entry affect innovation incentives in incumbent firms? Microdata suggest that there is heterogeneity across industries. Specifically, incumbent productivity growth and patenting is positively correlated with lagged greenfield foreign firm entry in technologically advanced industries, but not in laggard industries. In this paper, we provide evidence that these correlations arise from a causal effect predicted by Schumpeterian growth theory--the threat of technologically advanced entry spurs innovation incentives in sectors close to the technology frontier, where successful innovation allows incumbents to survive the threat, but discourages innovation in laggard sectors, where the threat reduces incumbents' expected rents from innovating. We find that the empirical patterns hold using rich micro panel data for the United Kingdom. We control for the endogeneity of entry by exploiting major European and U.K. policy reforms, and allow for endogeneity of additional factors. We complement the analysis for foreign entry with evidence for domestic entry and entry through imports. Notes: Keywords: Entry; Firm; Firms; Innovation; Productivity; Technology; Geographic Descriptors: EU; U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200903; Copyright: Copyright of Review of Economics & Statistics is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/rest Author Address: Harvard U and Institute for Fiscal Studies, London U College London and Institute for Fiscal Studies, London Brown U WZB, Berlin and Institute for Fiscal Studies, London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1279 Author: Aghion, P.; Blundell, R. W.; Griffith, R.; Howitt, P.; Prantl, S. Year: 2005 Title of Work: The Effects of Entry on Incumbent Innovation and Productivity Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 5323 Short Title: The Effects of Entry on Incumbent Innovation and Productivity DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP5323.asp Keywords: Firm Behavior: Theory D210 International Investment Long-term Capital Movements F210 Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance: General L100 Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives O310 Abstract: How does firm entry affect innovation incentives and productivity growth in incumbent firms? Micro-data suggests that there is heterogeneity across industries--incumbents in technologically advanced industries react positively to entry, but not in laggard industries. To explain this pattern, we introduce entry into a Schumpeterian growth model with multiple sectors which differ by their distance to the technological frontier. We show that entry threat spurs innovation incentives in technologically advanced sectors--successful innovation allows incumbents to prevent entry. In laggard sectors it discourages innovation--increased entry reduces incumbents' expected rents from innovating. We find that the empirical patterns hold using rich micro-level productivity growth and patent panel data for the UK, and controlling for the endogeneity of entry by exploiting the large number of policy reforms undertaken during the Thatcher era. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0806875; Keywords: entry; growth; innovation; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200512 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP5323.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1209 Author: Aghion, P.; Bond, S.; Klemm, A.; Marinescu, I. Year: 2004 Title: Technology and Financial Structure: Are Innovative Firms Different? Journal: Journal of the European Economic Association Volume: 2 Issue: 2-3 Pages: 277-288 Short Title: Technology and Financial Structure: Are Innovative Firms Different? ISSN: 15424766 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/jeea Accession Number: 0783881 Alternate Accession Number: EP13150190 Keywords: Financing Policy Financial Risk and Risk Management Capital and Ownership Structure G320 Management of Technological Innovation and R&D O320 Abstract: We use data on publicly traded U.K. firms to investigate whether financing choices differ systematically with R&D intensity. As well as looking at a balance sheet measure of the debt/assets ratio, we also consider the probability of raising finance by issuing new equity, and the shares of bank debt and secured debt in total debt. We find a nonlinear relationship with the debt/assets ratio: firms that report positive but low R&D use more debt finance than firms that report no R&D, but the use of debt finance falls with R&D intensity among those firms that report R&D. We find a simpler relationship with the probability of issuing new equity: Firms that report R&D are more likely to raise funds by issuing shares than firms that report no R&D, and this probability increases with R&D intensity. The shares of bank debt and secured debt in total debt are both lower for firms that report R&D compared to those that do not, and tend to fall as R&D intensity rises. We discuss possible explanations for these patterns. Notes: Keywords: Finance; Financing; Firm; R&D; Shares; Technology; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200507; Copyright: Copyright of Journal of the European Economic Association is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/jeea Author Address: Harvard U and IFS Nuffield College, Oxford and IFS Institute for Fiscal Studies London School of Econ Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Record Number: 203 Author: Aghion, P.; Griffith, R. Year: 2005 Title: Competition and Growth: Reconciling Theory and Evidence Publisher: Zeuthen Lecture Book Series. Cambridge and London: MIT Press Number of Pages: x Short Title: Competition and Growth: Reconciling Theory and Evidence Keywords: Technological Change Research and Development: General O300 Production, Pricing, and Market Structure Size Distribution of Firms L110 Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: General O400 Abstract: Investigates whether, or under what conditions, competition favors innovation and productivity growth. Reviews the early theoretical and empirical literatures on this subject, describing how theory pointed to a detrimental effect of competition on innovation and growth, while the empirical literature suggested that more competitive market structures are associated with greater innovative output. Considers the common wisdom, according to which competition is mainly growth-enhancing because it forces firms to reduce costs and innovate in order to survive. Extends the Schumpeterian growth paradigm by distinguishing between preinnovation rents and postinnovation rents, and by introducing the notion that innovation is a way to escape competition. Introduces entry into the picture and considers the extent to which the effect of liberalizing entry on innovation and productivity growth depends upon the technological distance between the domestic incumbent and the world technology frontier. Aghion is Professor of Economics at Harvard University. Index. Notes: Accession Number: 0821777; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-262-01218-9; Keywords: Firm; Firms; Growth; Market Structure; Publication Type: Book; Update Code: 200603 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1426 Author: Aghion, P.; Griffith, R.; Howitt, P. Year: 2006 Title of Work: The U-shaped relationship between vertical integration and competition: theory and evidence Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W06/12 Pages: 16 pp. Short Title: The U-shaped relationship between vertical integration and competition: theory and evidence DOI: http://www.ifs.org.uk/wps/wp0612.pdf Abstract: This paper considers how competition can affect aggregate innovative activity through its effects on firms' decision whether or not to vertically integrate. A moderate increase in competition enhances innovation incentives, too much competition discourages innovative effort. These effects generates an inverted-U relationship between competition and innovation and between competition and the incentive to vertically integrate. Preliminary evidence finds that there is a non-linear relationship between competition and the propensity of firms to vertically integrate. These results seem to be more consistent with the Property Right Theory (PRT) of vertical integration than with the Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) approach. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0857431; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200608 URL: http://www.ifs.org.uk/wps/wp0612.pdf Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies and Harvard University Institute for Fiscal Studies Institute for Fiscal Studies and Brown University Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 401 Author: Agosti, L.; Padilla, A. J.; Requejo, A. Year: 2007 Title: El 'mercado' de generacion electrica en Espana: Estructura, funcionamiento y resultados. (With English summary.) Journal: Economia Industrial Issue: 364 Pages: 21-37 Short Title: El 'mercado' de generacion electrica en Espana: Estructura, funcionamiento y resultados. (With English summary.) ISSN: 04222784 DOI: http://www.mityc.es/es-ES/Documentacion/Publicaciones/Paginas/IndexRevistaIndustrial.aspx Accession Number: 0941942 Keywords: Production Cost Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity Capacity D240 Allocative Efficiency Cost-Benefit Analysis D610 Production, Pricing, and Market Structure Size Distribution of Firms L110 Economics of Regulation L510 Electric Utilities L940 Industry Studies: Utilities and Transportation: Government Policy L980 Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the structure, design and outcome of the Spanish generation "market" from 1998, when the market was liberalised, to date. More precisely, this paper reviews the history of the liberalisation process; describes the structure of the generation market and its evolution over time; analyses the existence of market power; and evaluates the outcome of the liberalisation process from the viewpoint of its impact on allocative efficiency, productive efficiency and dynamic efficiency. The paper concludes with a brief summary of recent regulatory reforms. Notes: Keywords: Allocative Efficiency; Efficiency; Geographic Descriptors: Spain; Geographic Region: Europe; Language: Spanish; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200712 URL: http://www.mityc.es/es-ES/Documentacion/Publicaciones/Paginas/IndexRevistaIndustrial.aspx Author Address: LECG Consulting Spain Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1235 Author: Ahlborn, C.; Evans, D. S.; Padilla, A. J. Year: 2004 Title: The Antitrust Economics of Tying: A Farewell to Per Se Illegality Journal: Antitrust Bulletin Volume: 49 Issue: 1-2 Pages: 287-341 Date: Spring-Summer 2004 Short Title: The Antitrust Economics of Tying: A Farewell to Per Se Illegality ISSN: 0003603X Accession Number: 0737322 Alternate Accession Number: EP13515832 Keywords: Mergers Acquisitions Restructuring Voting Proxy Contests Corporate Governance G340 Antitrust Law K210 Contracting Out Joint Ventures Technology Licensing L240 Antitrust Issues and Policies: General L400 Notes: Geographic Descriptors: EC; U.S.; Geographic Region: Europe; Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200408; Copyright: Copyright of Antitrust Bulletin is the property of Federal Legal Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. Author Address: Linklaters NERA Econ Consulting Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 177 Author: Ahluwalia, M. S. Year: 2005 Title: China's Recent Reforms: Comment Editor: T. Besley and R. Zagha Book Title: Development Challenges in the 1990s: Leading Policymakers Speak from Experience Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 228-229 Short Title: China's Recent Reforms: Comment Keywords: Current Account Adjustment Short-term Capital Movements F320 Economic Development: Financial Markets Saving and Capital Investment Corporate Finance and Governance O160 International Linkages to Development Role of International Organizations O190 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Planning, Coordination, and Reform P210 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: National Income, Product, and Expenditure Money Inflation P240 Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Financial Economics P340 Notes: Accession Number: 0835747; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8213-5872-3; ; Geographic Descriptors: China; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200605 Author Address: Planning Commission, India Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 779 Author: Ahluwalia, M. S. Year: 2005 Title: Lessons from India's Economic Reforms Editor: T. Besley and R. Zagha Book Title: Development Challenges in the 1990s: Leading Policymakers Speak from Experience Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 189-202 Short Title: Lessons from India's Economic Reforms Keywords: State and Local Government Intergovernmental Relations: General H700 Welfare and Poverty: Government Programs Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs I380 Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O110 Economic Development: Human Resources Human Development Income Distribution Migration O150 Formal and Informal Sectors Shadow Economy Institutional Arrangements O170 Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development O230 Measurement of Economic Growth Aggregate Productivity Cross-Country Output Convergence O470 Notes: Accession Number: 0835741; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8213-5872-3; ; Geographic Descriptors: India; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200605 Author Address: Planning Commission, India Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 802 Author: Amess, K.; Brown, S.; Thompson, S. Year: 2007 Title: Management Buyouts, Supervision and Employee Discretion Journal: Scottish Journal of Political Economy Volume: 54 Issue: 4 Pages: 447-474 Short Title: Management Buyouts, Supervision and Employee Discretion ISSN: 00369292 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0036-9292 Accession Number: 0934819 Alternate Accession Number: EP25958815 Keywords: Mergers Acquisitions Restructuring Voting Proxy Contests Corporate Governance G340 Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Personnel Management Executive Compensation M120 Personnel Economics: Labor Management M540 Abstract: Using a matched sample of 1959 firms and 27,263 employees from the UK Workplace Employee Relations Survey, we examine the effects of the management buyout (MBO) organizational form on employee discretion and supervision. Our findings suggest that for MBO firms, supervision is lower where there is a higher proportion of craft and skilled service workers but is not lower for other occupational groups. Using random effects ordered probit analysis, we find that employees' discretion over their work practices is higher in MBO firms; and that the probability of higher discretion is greater where there is a higher proportion of craft and skilled service employees. Our findings are consistent with: (i) MBOs reducing hierarchical tiers and the number of supervisory staff, which increase employees' span of control and their discretion; and (ii) organizational change via an MBO being 'skill biased' in favour of craft and skilled service employees. Notes: Keywords: Buyout; Firm; Firms; Management; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200710; Copyright: Copyright of Scottish Journal of Political Economy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0036-9292 Author Address: U Nottingham U Sheffield Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1439 Author: Amsden, A. H. Year: 2005 Title: The Washington Consensus as Policy Prescription for Development: Comment Editor: T. Besley and R. Zagha Book Title: Development Challenges in the 1990s: Leading Policymakers Speak from Experience Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 54-56 Short Title: The Washington Consensus as Policy Prescription for Development: Comment Keywords: Foreign Aid F350 International Agreements and Observance International Organizations F530 Economic Development: General O100 Notes: Accession Number: 0835723; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8213-5872-3; Keywords: Development; Washington Consensus; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200605 Author Address: MIT Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 340 Author: Anand, S.; Joshi, V. Year: 1995 Title: Domestic Distortions, Income Distribution and the Theory of Optimum Subsidy Editor: J. P. Neary Book Title: International trade. Volume 1. Welfare and trade policy Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 59. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Elgar Pages: 555-571 Short Title: Domestic Distortions, Income Distribution and the Theory of Optimum Subsidy Reprint Edition: [1979] Keywords: Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 Taxation and Subsidies: Efficiency Optimal Taxation H210 Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions D310 Notes: Accession Number: 0449537; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-361-3; Keywords: Distribution; Income Distribution; Income; Subsidy; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 888 Author: Anderberg, D.; Kondylis, F.; Walker, I. Year: 2008 Title: Partnership Penalties and Bonuses Created by UK Welfare Programs Journal: CESifo Economic Studies Volume: 54 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-21 Short Title: Partnership Penalties and Bonuses Created by UK Welfare Programs ISSN: 1610241X DOI: http://cesifo.oxfordjournals.org/archive/ Accession Number: 1076055 Alternate Accession Number: EP31627151 Keywords: Taxation and Subsidies: Externalities Redistributive Effects Environmental Taxes and Subsidies H230 Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies includes inheritance and gift taxes H240 Welfare and Poverty: Government Programs Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs I380 Marriage Marital Dissolution Family Structure Domestic Abuse J120 Abstract: This article explores how the UK welfare benefit system subsidise or penalise couples for living together as partners. A couple is said to face a "partnership bonus" ("penalty") if they can receive more (less) benefits when living as partners than when living separately. Using data on existing couples from the Family Resources Survey 1995-2004 we provide a description of the distribution of partnership penalties and bonuses in the population. We also find that, while the 1999 Working Families' Tax Credit reform improved the financial incentives for partnership formation, this effect was largely undone by the subsequent 2003 Working Tax Credit reform. Notes: Keywords: Families; Family; Tax; Welfare; Welfare Program; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200912; Copyright: Copyright of CESifo Economic Studies is the property of Oxford University Press / UK and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://cesifo.oxfordjournals.org/archive/ Author Address: Royal Holloway, U London and CESifo, Munich Royal Holloway, U London and CEP, London School of Economics U Warwick and Institute for Fiscal Studies, London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 798 Author: Anderson, J.; Bandiera, O. Year: 2000 Title of Work: Mafias as Enforcers Institution: Boston College Department of Economics, Boston College Working Papers in Economics: 480 Pages: 37 pages Short Title: Mafias as Enforcers DOI: http://fmwww.bc.edu/EC-P/WP480.pdf Keywords: Law and Economics: General K000 Structure and Scope of Government: General H100 Abstract: Historical evidence suggests that Mafias originally formed to provide enforcement of legitimate property rights when state enforcement was weak. We provide a general equilibrium model of Mafias as enforcement coalitions which protect property from predators. Both the level of predation and the type of enforcement--self-enforcement, specialized competitive enforcement and Mafia enforcement--are endogenous. We identify the conditions under which a coalition emerges and persists and show that Mafias are most likely to be found at intermediate stages of economic development. We also show that Mafias might provide better enforcement to the rich than would a welfare-maximizing state, suggesting a difficulty in the emergence and persistence of state provision of enforcement. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0787144; Keywords: mafias, private enforcement; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200508 URL: http://fmwww.bc.edu/EC-P/WP480.pdf Author Address: Boston College London School of Economics Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1422 Author: Anderson, J.; Neary, J. P. Year: 1993 Title of Work: The Trade Restrictiveness Of The Multi-Fibre Arrangement Institution: Boston College Department of Economics, Boston College Working Papers in Economics: 252 Pages: 30 pages Short Title: The Trade Restrictiveness Of The Multi-Fibre Arrangement Keywords: Trade: General F100 Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0787399; Keywords: Quotas, rent-sharing, Trade Restrictiveness Index; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200508 Author Address: Department of Economics, Boston College University of Ulster at Jordanstown Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1359 Author: Anderson, J.; Neary, P. Year: 1998 Title of Work: The Mercantilist Index of Trade Policy Institution: Boston College Department of Economics, Boston College Working Papers in Economics: 416 Pages: 37 pages Short Title: The Mercantilist Index of Trade Policy DOI: http://fmwww.bc.edu/EC-P/WP416.pdf Keywords: Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 Abstract: International trade policies are often compared across countries and over time for a variety of purposes. Analysts use such measures as arithmetic or trade-weighted average tariffs, Non-Tariff Barrier (NTB) coverage ratios and measures of tariff dispersion. All such measures are without theoretical foundation. In this paper we develop and characterise a theoretically-based index number of trade policy which is appropriate to trade negotiations. We characterize an index of trade policy restrictiveness defined as the uniform tariff equivalent which maintains the same volume of trade as a given set of tariffs, quotas, and domestic taxes and subsidies. We relate this volume-equivalent index to the Trade Restrictiveness Index, a welfare-equivalent measure, and relate changes in both indexes to changes in the generalised mean and variance of the tariff schedule. Applications to international cross-section and time-series comparisons of trade policy show that the new index frequently gives a very different picture than do standard indexes. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0787208; Keywords: International trade policy, tariffs, quotas, Trade Restrictiveness Index, trade liberalization; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200508 URL: http://fmwww.bc.edu/EC-P/WP416.pdf Author Address: Boston College Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1308 Author: Anderson, J. E. Year: 1995 Title: The Heckscher-Ohlin and Travis-Vanek Theorems under Uncertainty Editor: J. P. Neary Book Title: International trade. Volume 2. Production structure, trade and growth Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 59. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Elgar Pages: 432-440 Short Title: The Heckscher-Ohlin and Travis-Vanek Theorems under Uncertainty Reprint Edition: [1981] Keywords: Neoclassical Models of Trade F110 Notes: Accession Number: 0449565; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-361-3; Keywords: Heckscher Ohlin; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 544 Author: Anderson, J. E.; Bandiera, O. Year: 2001 Title of Work: From Wild West to the Godfather: Enforcement Market Structure Institution: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, NBER Working Papers: 8469 Short Title: From Wild West to the Godfather: Enforcement Market Structure DOI: http://www.nber.org/papers/w8469.pdf Keywords: Law and Economics: General K000 Structure and Scope of Government: General H100 Abstract: Weak states enable private enforcement but it does not always fade away in the presence of strong states. We develop a general equilibrium model of the market organization of enforcers (self-enforcers, competitive specialized enforcers or monopoly) who defend endowments from predators. We provide conditions under which a Mafia emerges, persists and is stable. Mafias are most likely to emerge at intermediate stages of economic development. Private enforcers might provide better enforcement to the rich than would a welfare-maximizing state - hence the State may find it difficult to replace the Mafia or competitive private enforcers. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0715657; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w8469.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 939 Author: Anderson, J. E.; Bandiera, O. Year: 2005 Title: Private Enforcement and Social Efficiency Journal: Journal of Development Economics Volume: 77 Issue: 2 Pages: 341-366 Short Title: Private Enforcement and Social Efficiency ISSN: 03043878 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505546/description#description Accession Number: 0789311 Keywords: Property Law K110 Capitalist Systems: Property Rights P140 Abstract: This paper makes precise the distributional consequences and social efficiency of private enforcement of property rights. Properties of different values are subject to predation and owners choose between self-defense and private enforcement services. A distributional conflict of interest arises as private protection purchased by rich owners deflects predators on low value properties. The market structure of enforcement and development affect the distribution of property income through relative changes in the security of high and low values property. Moreover, because of the externality enforcers impose on poorer owners, the availability of private enforcement may constrain the policy of a benevolent State. Notes: Keywords: Property Rights; Property; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200508 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2004.05.003 http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505546/description#description Author Address: Boston College London School of Econ and CEPR Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1498 Author: Anderson, J. E.; Bandiera, O. Year: 2006 Title: Traders, Cops and Robbers Journal: Journal of International Economics Volume: 70 Issue: 1 Pages: 197-215 Short Title: Traders, Cops and Robbers ISSN: 00221996 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505552/description#description Accession Number: 0871145 Keywords: Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies F120 Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law K420 Abstract: We propose a simple model of trade outside the law preyed on by robbers and possibly protected by private cops. We establish the conditions for trade collapse, secure trade and insecure trade. Endogenous predation and enforcement can explain both puzzling failures of commonly observed state policies against illegal trade and puzzlingly large trade responses to liberalization in licit goods. Notes: Keywords: Law; Trade; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200611 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2005.07.009 http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505552/description#description Author Address: Boston College London School of Economics Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 336 Author: Anderson, J. E.; Bannister, G. J.; Neary, J. P. Year: 1995 Title: Domestic Distortions and International Trade Journal: International Economic Review Volume: 36 Issue: 1 Pages: 139-157 Short Title: Domestic Distortions and International Trade ISSN: 00206598 DOI: http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/iere/ Accession Number: 0351728 Alternate Accession Number: EP9503022193 Keywords: Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 Agriculture in International Trade Q170 Abstract: In this paper, the authors develop techniques for measuring the trade policy equivalent of domestic distortions using a distance function approach. Their measure, the trade restrictiveness index, is shown to equal the uniform tariff that is welfare equivalent to a given pattern of domestic taxes and subsidies. The authors extend the index to incorporate taxes in markets for nontraded goods and factors of production and illustrate its operationality with an application to liberalization in Mexican agriculture. They conclude that their index has considerable potential in empirical work and as an aid to trade negotiators. Notes: Keywords: International Trade; Liberalization; Policy; Subsidies; Tariff; Trade; Welfare; Geographic Descriptors: Mexico; Geographic Region: Latin America and the Caribbean; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199507; Copyright: Copyright of International Economic Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/iere/ Author Address: Boston College World Bank U College Dublin Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1239 Author: Anderson, J. E.; Neary, J. P. Year: 1990 Title: The Coefficient of Trade Utilization: Back to the Baldwin Envelope Editor: R. W. Jones and A. O. Krueger Book Title: The political economy of international trade: Essays in honor of Robert E. Baldwin Publisher: Oxford and Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell Pages: 49-72 Short Title: The Coefficient of Trade Utilization: Back to the Baldwin Envelope Keywords: Theory of Protection 4113 Notes: Accession Number: 0279296; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-55786-026-2; ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Festschrift: Baldwin, Robert E.; Update Code: 199306 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 23 Author: Anderson, J. E.; Neary, J. P. Year: 1992 Title of Work: A New Approach to Evaluating Trade Policy Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 683 Short Title: A New Approach to Evaluating Trade Policy DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP683.asp Keywords: Trade: General F100 Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 Abstract: This paper introduces a new measure, the Trade Restrictiveness Index, which measures the restrictiveness of a system of trade protection. The index is a general equilibrium application of the distance function and answers the question: 'What uniform set of trade restrictions is equivalent (in welfare terms) to the initial protective structure?' The index is applicable to both tariffs and quotas and allows international and intertemporal comparisons. The index is operational and we provide an empirical example to illustrate its applicability and to show its superiority to commonly used measures. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0691943; Keywords: Protection; Quantitative Restrictions; Tariffs; Trade Restrictiveness Index; Voluntary Export; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP683.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1491 Author: Anderson, J. E.; Neary, J. P. Year: 1992 Title: Trade Reform with Quotas, Partial Rent Retention, and Tariffs Journal: Econometrica Volume: 60 Issue: 1 Pages: 57-76 Short Title: Trade Reform with Quotas, Partial Rent Retention, and Tariffs ISSN: 00129682 DOI: http://www.econometricsociety.org Accession Number: 0266400 Keywords: Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 Abstract: Quotas are the predominant means of protection in developed countries, with quota rents commonly shared between exporter and importer. This paper derives shadow prices appropriate to evaluating trade reform under these circumstances and provides a number of useful sufficient conditions for welfare-improving "piecemeal" reform. In doing so, the authors apply the distorted (quantity-constrained) expenditure function and use implicit separability to derive more powerful results than have previously been available. Notes: Keywords: Protection; Quotas; Tariff; Trade; Welfare; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199209 URL: http://www.econometricsociety.org Author Address: Boston College U College Dublin Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 337 Author: Anderson, J. E.; Neary, J. P. Year: 1993 Title of Work: Domestic Distortions and International Trade Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 786 Short Title: Domestic Distortions and International Trade DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP786.asp Keywords: Trade: General F100 Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 Abstract: In this paper we develop techniques for measuring the trade policy equivalent of domestic distortions, using a distance function approach. Our measure, the Trade Restrictiveness Index, is shown to equal the uniform tariff which is welfare-equivalent to a given pattern of domestic taxes and subsidies. We extend the Index to incorporate taxes on non-traded goods and factor markets and illustrate its operationality with an application to liberalization in Mexican agriculture. We conclude that our Index has considerable potential in empirical work and as an aid to trade negotiators. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0692065; Keywords: Consumer Subsidy; Domestic Distortions; Producer Subsidy; Trade Policy; Trade Restrictiveness Index; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP786.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1423 Author: Anderson, J. E.; Neary, J. P. Year: 1994 Title: The Trade Restrictiveness of the Multi-fibre Arrangement Journal: World Bank Economic Review Volume: 8 Issue: 2 Pages: 171-189 Short Title: The Trade Restrictiveness of the Multi-fibre Arrangement ISSN: 02586770 DOI: http://wber.oxfordjournals.org/ Accession Number: 0332215 Keywords: Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 Abstract: This study uses the trade restrictiveness index (TRI) of Anderson and Neary (1990) to evaluate U.S. policy toward seven major exporters of textiles and apparel under the Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA). The period covered is 1982-88. The MFA controls the shipment of most textile and apparel items to the United States through a system of bilaterally negotiated export quotas that allow for annual growth. The arrangement itself was renegotiated in 1986, with an expansion in the number of items covered and countries included. In addition to these policy changes, changes in economic conditions during the data period altered the restrictiveness of the MFA. The TRI in principle permits all these influences to be accounted for in a consistent manner. The TRI results are contrasted with the standard trade-weighted average tariff equivalent of the quotas. The correlation of the two measures in not significantly different from zero. Notes: Keywords: Exports; Policy; Quotas; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199412 URL: http://wber.oxfordjournals.org/ Author Address: Boston College U College Dublin, London School of Econ and CEPR Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 22 Author: Anderson, J. E.; Neary, J. P. Year: 1996 Title: A New Approach to Evaluating Trade Policy Journal: Review of Economic Studies Volume: 63 Issue: 1 Pages: 107-125 Short Title: A New Approach to Evaluating Trade Policy ISSN: 00346527 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0034-6527 Accession Number: 0385325 Alternate Accession Number: EP9602063891 Keywords: Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 Trade: Forecasting and Simulation F170 Notes: Keywords: Policy; Trade; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199607; Copyright: © 1996 Review of Economic Studies Ltd URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0034-6527 Author Address: Boston College U College Dublin Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1360 Author: Anderson, J. E.; Neary, J. P. Year: 1998 Title of Work: The Mercantilist Index of Trade Policy Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 2044 Short Title: The Mercantilist Index of Trade Policy DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP2044.asp Keywords: Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 Abstract: This paper develops and characterizes an index of trade policy restrictiveness defined as the uniform tariff equivalent which maintains the same volume of trade as a given set of tariffs, quotas, and domestic taxes and subsidies. We relate this volume-equivalent index to the Trade Restrictiveness Index, a welfare-equivalent measure, and relate changes in both indexes to changes in the generalized mean and variance of the tariff schedule. Applications to international cross-section and time-series comparisons of trade policy show that the new index frequently gives a very different picture than do standard indexes. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0693297; Keywords: International trade policy; Quotas; Tariffs; trade liberalisation; Trade Restrictiveness Index; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP2044.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1361 Author: Anderson, J. E.; Neary, J. P. Year: 1999 Title of Work: The Mercantilist Index of Trade Policy Institution: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, NBER Working Papers: 6870 Short Title: The Mercantilist Index of Trade Policy DOI: http://www.nber.org/papers/w6870.pdf Keywords: Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 Abstract: This paper develops and characterizes an index of trade policy restrictiveness defined as the uniform tariff equivalent which maintains the same volume of trade as a given set of tariffs, quota, and domestic taxes and subsidies. We relate this volume-equivalent index to the Trade Restrictiveness Index welfare-equivalent measure changes in the generalised mean and variance of the tariff schedule. Applications to international cross-section and time-series comparisons of trade policy show that the new index frequently gives a very different picture than do standard indexes. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0717201; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w6870.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1492 Author: Anderson, J. E.; Neary, J. P. Year: 2001 Title: Trade Reform with Quotas, Partial Rent Retention, and Tariffs Editor: C. Kowalczyk Book Title: The theory of trade policy reform Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 127. Cheltenham, U.K. and Northampton, Mass.: Elgar; distributed by American International Distribution Corporation, Williston, Vt. Pages: 318-337 Short Title: Trade Reform with Quotas, Partial Rent Retention, and Tariffs Reprint Edition: [1992] Keywords: Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 Notes: Accession Number: 0649087; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-84064-403-6; Keywords: Quotas; Tariff; Trade; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200307 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1362 Author: Anderson, J. E.; Neary, J. P. Year: 2003 Title: The Mercantilist Index of Trade Policy Journal: International Economic Review Volume: 44 Issue: 2 Pages: 627-649 Short Title: The Mercantilist Index of Trade Policy ISSN: 00206598 DOI: http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/iere/ Accession Number: 0657163 Alternate Accession Number: EP9916635 Keywords: Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 Abstract: We introduce an index of trade policy restrictiveness defined as the uniform tariff that maintains the same trade volume as a given tariff/quota structure. Our index overcomes the problems of the trade-weighted average tariff: It avoids substitution bias, correctly accounts for general equilibrium transfers, and takes import volume instead of welfare as benchmark. Empirical applications to international cross section and time-series comparisons of trade policy confirm our theoretical results: Trade-weighted average tariffs generally underestimate the true height of tariffs as measured by the trade-volume-equivalent index; this in turn always underestimates the welfare-equivalent index. Notes: Keywords: Import; Policy; Quotas; Tariff; Trade; Welfare; Geographic Descriptors: Selected Countries; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200308; Copyright: Copyright of International Economic Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/iere/ Author Address: Boston College U College Dublin and CEPR Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 21 Author: Anderson, J. E.; Neary, J. P. Year: 2005 Title: A New Approach to Evaluating Trade Policy Editor: R. Falvey and U. Kreickemeier Book Title: Recent Developments in International Trade Theory Publisher: The International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, no. 185. Cheltenham, U.K. and Northampton, Mass.: Elgar Pages: 615-633 Short Title: A New Approach to Evaluating Trade Policy Reprint Edition: [1996] Keywords: Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 Trade: Forecasting and Simulation F170 Other Consumer Nondurables L670 Notes: Accession Number: 0860765; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-84376-882-8; Keywords: Policy; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: Hong Kong; U.S.; Geographic Region: Asia; Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200608 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 516 Author: Andres, J.; Domenech, R.; Leith, C. Year: 2006 Title: Fiscal Policy, Macroeconomic Stability and Finite Horizons Journal: Scottish Journal of Political Economy Volume: 53 Issue: 1 Pages: 72-89 Short Title: Fiscal Policy, Macroeconomic Stability and Finite Horizons ISSN: 00369292 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0036-9292 Accession Number: 0835064 Alternate Accession Number: EP19398222 Keywords: General Aggregative Models: Keynes Keynesian Post-Keynesian E120 Capital Investment Capacity E220 Macroeconomics: Production E230 Price Level Inflation Deflation E310 Business Fluctuations Cycles E320 Fiscal Policy E620 National Debt Debt Management Sovereign Debt H630 Abstract: In this paper we analyse the stabilisation properties of distortionary taxes in a new-Keynesian model with overlapping generations of finitely lived consumers. In this framework, government debt is part of net wealth and this adds a number of interesting channels through which fiscal policy could affect output and inflation. Output volatility, in the presence of technology shocks, is not substantially affected by the operation of automatic stabilisers, but we find interesting composition effects. While the presence of finitely lived households strengthens the stabilisation performance of distortionary taxes through the reduction of the volatility of consumption, it does so at the cost of more volatile investment and real money balances. Notes: Keywords: Debt; Fiscal Policy; Inflation; Macroeconomics; New Keynesian; Output; Policy; Stabilization; Taxes; Wealth; Geographic Descriptors: EMU; U.S.; Geographic Region: Europe; Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200605; Copyright: Copyright of Scottish Journal of Political Economy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0036-9292 Author Address: U Valencia U Glasgow Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 877 Author: Aninat, E. Year: 2005 Title: Options and Outcomes of Chile's Education Reforms, 1990-2000 Editor: T. Besley and R. Zagha Book Title: Development Challenges in the 1990s: Leading Policymakers Speak from Experience Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 303-315 Short Title: Options and Outcomes of Chile's Education Reforms, 1990-2000 Keywords: National Government Expenditures and Education H520 Education: Government Policy I280 Economic Development: Human Resources Human Development Income Distribution Migration O150 Notes: Accession Number: 0835757; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8213-5872-3; Keywords: Education; Geographic Descriptors: Chile; Geographic Region: Latin America and the Caribbean; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200605 Author Address: United Nations Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 482 Author: Apps, P. Year: 1994 Title: Female Labour Supply, Housework and Family Welfare Editor: R. Blundell, I. Preston and I. Walker Book Title: The measurement of household welfare Publisher: Cambridge; New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press Pages: 140-163 Short Title: Female Labour Supply, Housework and Family Welfare Keywords: Welfare Economics: General D600 Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation D130 Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure J210 Economics of Gender Non-labor Discrimination J160 Notes: Accession Number: 0416106; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-521-45195-7; Keywords: Family; Female; Welfare; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199707 Author Address: U Sydney and Australian National U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 391 Author: Arai, M.; Kjellstrom, C. Year: 2001 Title: Education and Earnings in Europe: Sweden Editor: C. Harmon, I. Walker and N. Westergaard-Nielsen Book Title: Education and earnings in Europe: A cross country analysis of the returns to education Publisher: Cheltenham, U.K. and Northampton, Mass.: Elgar; distributed by American International Distribution Corporation, Williston, Vt. Pages: 265-284 Short Title: Education and Earnings in Europe: Sweden Keywords: Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Analysis of Education I210 Education: Government Policy I280 Notes: Accession Number: 0651208; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-84064-530-X; Keywords: Earnings; Education; Geographic Descriptors: Sweden; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200307 Author Address: Stockholm U Institute of Econ Research, Sweden Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1128 Author: Arellano, M.; Bond, S. Year: 1991 Title: Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations Journal: Review of Economic Studies Volume: 58 Issue: 2 Pages: 277-297 Short Title: Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations ISSN: 00346527 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0034-6527 Accession Number: 0249437 Alternate Accession Number: EP4619895 Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Models with Panel Data Longitudinal Data Spatial Time Series C230 Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure J210 Abstract: This paper presents specification tests that are applicable after estimating a dynamic model from panel data by the generalized method of moments, and studies the practical performance of these procedures using both generated and real data. The authors' generalized method of moments estimator optimally exploits all the linear moment restrictions that follow from the assumption of no serial correlation in the errors in an equation which contains individual effects, lagged dependent variables, and no strictly exogenous variables. They propose a test of serial correlation based on the generalized method of moments residuals and compare this with Sargan tests of over-identifying restrictions and Hausman specification tests. Notes: Keywords: Panel Data; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199112; Copyright: © 1991 Review of Economic Studies Ltd URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0034-6527 Author Address: London School of Econ U Oxford Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1127 Author: Arellano, M.; Bond, S. Year: 1993 Title: Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations Editor: G. S. Maddala Book Title: The econometrics of panel data. Volume 2. Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection series. International Library of Critical Writings in Econometrics, vol. 1. Aldershot, U.K.: Elgar; distributed in the U.S. by Ashgate, Brookfield, Vt. Pages: 176-196 Short Title: Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations Reprint Edition: [1991] Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Models with Panel Data Longitudinal Data Spatial Time Series C230 Model Evaluation and Selection C520 Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure J210 Notes: Accession Number: 0407703; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-585-3; Keywords: Panel Data; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199704 Author Address: London School of Econ U Oxford Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 353 Author: Arellano, M.; Bond, S.; Doornik, J. A. Year: 2005 Title of Work: Dynamic panel data estimation using DPD for Ox. This link is to a zipped file containing both the paper and software Institution: Economics Group, Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Economics Papers: 1997-W7 Short Title: Dynamic panel data estimation using DPD for Ox. This link is to a zipped file containing both the paper and software DOI: http://www.nuff.ox.ac.uk/Users/Doornik/software/dpdox.zip Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0846303; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200606 URL: http://www.nuff.ox.ac.uk/Users/Doornik/software/dpdox.zip Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1017 Author: Armstrong, D.; Blackaby, D. H. Year: 1998 Title: Regional Labour Markets and Institutions in the United Kingdom Editor: L. van der Laan and S. M. Ruesga Book Title: Institutions and regional labour markets in Europe Publisher: Perspectives on Europe series. Aldershot, U.K.; Brookfield, Vt. and Sydney: Ashgate Pages: 81-103 Short Title: Regional Labour Markets and Institutions in the United Kingdom Keywords: Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Regional Migration Regional Labor Markets Population Neighborhood Characteristics R230 Geographic Labor Mobility Immigrant Workers J610 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Labor-Management Relations Industrial Jurisprudence J530 Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search J640 Notes: Accession Number: 0545723; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85972-663-1; Keywords: Regional Labor Markets; Regional; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200012 Author Address: Northern Ireland Econ Research Centre U Wales Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 560 Author: Aryeetey, E.; McKay, A. Year: 2007 Title: Ghana: The Challenge of Translating Sustained Growth into Poverty Reduction Editor: T. Besley and L. J. Cord Book Title: Delivering on the Promise of Pro-Poor Growth: Insights and Lessons from Country Experiences Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; Houndmills, U.K. and New York: Palgrave Macmillan Pages: 147-168 Short Title: Ghana: The Challenge of Translating Sustained Growth into Poverty Reduction Keywords: Welfare and Poverty: Government Programs Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs I380 Economic Development: Human Resources Human Development Income Distribution Migration O150 Planning Models Planning Policy O210 Measurement of Economic Growth Aggregate Productivity Cross-Country Output Convergence O470 Notes: Accession Number: 0965624; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-0-8213-6515-1; Keywords: Growth; Poverty; Geographic Descriptors: Ghana; Geographic Region: Africa; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200804 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 937 Author: Ashworth, S. Year: 2008 Title: Principled Agents? The Political Economy of Good Government. By TIMOTHY BESLEY Volume: 75 Issue: 299 Pages: 607-608 Short Title: Principled Agents? The Political Economy of Good Government. By TIMOTHY BESLEY ISSN: 00130427 Accession Number: EP33184180 Notes: Publication Type: Book Review; Copyright: Copyright of Economica is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: 10.1111/j.1468-0335.2008.00698.x Author Address: †Princeton University Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 159 Author: Aslaksen, I.; Bjerkholt, O. Year: 1986 Title: Certainty Equivalence Methods in the Macroeconomic Management of Petroleum Resources Editor: J. P. Neary and S. van Wijnbergen Book Title: Natural resources and the macroeconomy Publisher: Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; Oxford: Blackwell Pages: 170-195 Short Title: Certainty Equivalence Methods in the Macroeconomic Management of Petroleum Resources Keywords: Specific Forecasts and Models 1323 Open Economy Macroeconomic Studies--Balance of Payments and Adjustment Mechanisms 4313 Energy 7230 Notes: Accession Number: 0022584; Geographic Descriptors: Norway; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199006 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1069 Author: Aslund, A. Year: 2005 Title: Russia's Transition Experience: Comment Editor: T. Besley and R. Zagha Book Title: Development Challenges in the 1990s: Leading Policymakers Speak from Experience Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 76-80 Short Title: Russia's Transition Experience: Comment Keywords: Measurement of Economic Growth Aggregate Productivity Cross-Country Output Convergence O470 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Planning, Coordination, and Reform P210 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: National Income, Product, and Expenditure Money Inflation P240 Notes: Accession Number: 0835727; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8213-5872-3; ; Geographic Descriptors: Russian Federation; Geographic Region: Europe; Asia; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200605 Author Address: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 381 Author: Asplund, R. Year: 2001 Title: Education and Earnings in Europe: Finland Editor: C. Harmon, I. Walker and N. Westergaard-Nielsen Book Title: Education and earnings in Europe: A cross country analysis of the returns to education Publisher: Cheltenham, U.K. and Northampton, Mass.: Elgar; distributed by American International Distribution Corporation, Williston, Vt. Pages: 68-83 Short Title: Education and Earnings in Europe: Finland Keywords: Analysis of Education I210 Education: Government Policy I280 Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Notes: Accession Number: 0651198; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-84064-530-X; Keywords: Earnings; Education; Geographic Descriptors: Finland; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200307 Author Address: Research Institute of the Finnish Economy Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1509 Author: Atkinson, T.; Micklewright, J. Year: 1989 Title: Turning the Screw: Benefits for the Unemployed 1979-88 Editor: A. Dilnot and I. Walker Book Title: The economics of social security Publisher: Oxford; New York; Toronto and Melbourne: Oxford University Press Pages: 17-51 Short Title: Turning the Screw: Benefits for the Unemployed 1979-88 Keywords: Social Security 9150 Unemployment Insurance 8224 Notes: Accession Number: 0256146; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199203 Author Address: London School of Econ Queen Mary College Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 182 Author: Azam, J.-P. Year: 2009 Title: Comment on 'Reforming Public Service Delivery,' by Timothy Besley and Maitreesh Ghatak Editor: J. Y. Lin and B. Pleskovic Book Title: Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics--Global 2008: Private Sector and Development Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank Pages: 155-159 Short Title: Comment on 'Reforming Public Service Delivery,' by Timothy Besley and Maitreesh Ghatak Keywords: Bureaucracy Administrative Processes in Public Organizations Corruption D730 Public Administration Public Sector Accounting and Audits H830 Formal and Informal Sectors Shadow Economy Institutional Arrangements O170 Notes: Accession Number: 1149964; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-0-8213-7125-1; ; Geographic Descriptors: Africa; Geographic Region: Africa; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 201102 Author Address: Toulouse School of Economics Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 555 Author: Azam, J.-P.; Besley, T. Year: 1989 Title: General Equilibrium with Parallel Markets for Goods and Foreign Exchange: Theory and Application to Ghana Journal: World Development Volume: 17 Issue: 12 Pages: 1921-1930 Short Title: General Equilibrium with Parallel Markets for Goods and Foreign Exchange: Theory and Application to Ghana ISSN: 0305750X DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/386/description#description Accession Number: 0232809 Keywords: Economic Development Models and Theories 1120 Exchange Rates and Markets--Theory and Studies 4314 Abstract: This paper presents a simple model of a distorted economy with parallel markets which is motivated by the Ghanaian experience. The model has simultaneous illegal trade in goods and foreign exchange markets. Its general equilibrium determines the black market foreign exchange rate and the price of consumer goods. After determining some comparative statics, the predictions are tested on Ghanaian monthly data from 1982-83. The empirical results are shown to be consistent with those from the theoretical model. Notes: Geographic Descriptors: Ghana; Geographic Region: Africa; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199009 URL: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/386/description#description Author Address: CERDI and U Clermont-Ferrand Princeton U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 923 Author: Balcerowicz, L. Year: 2005 Title: Postcommunist Transition in Comparative Perspective Editor: T. Besley and R. Zagha Book Title: Development Challenges in the 1990s: Leading Policymakers Speak from Experience Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 233-245 Short Title: Postcommunist Transition in Comparative Perspective Keywords: Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises Privatization Contracting Out L330 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Planning, Coordination, and Reform P210 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: National Income, Product, and Expenditure Money Inflation P240 Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Financial Economics P340 Notes: Accession Number: 0835748; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8213-5872-3; ; Geographic Descriptors: CEEC; Poland; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200605 Author Address: National Bank of Poland Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 860 Author: Bandiera, O. Year: 1999 Title of Work: On the Structure of Tenancy contracts: Theory and Evidence fron 19th Century Rural Sicily Institution: Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, LSE, STICERD - Development Economics Papers Short Title: On the Structure of Tenancy contracts: Theory and Evidence fron 19th Century Rural Sicily DOI: http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/de/dedps19.pdf Abstract: In a world with asymmetric information, contractual terms are an important incentive device. This paper studies the effect of crop characteristics on the choice between short-term and long-term tenancy contracts and on the choice between sharecropping and fixed rent contracts when the production process depends on two non-contractibles: effort devoted to current production and effort devoted to plant and soil maintenance. Long-term contracts are effective in providing incentive for non-contractible investment. Since, however, incentive provision is costly because of information rents, long-term contracts will be employed only when maintenance benefits are high enough. The predictions of the theory are tested on a unique data set containing 705 tenancy contracts signed between 1870 and 1880 in the province of Syracuse (Italy). The empirical evidence shows that indeed long term contracts were used if the crops grown had higher maintenance needs. Other comparative static results are derived and tested empirically. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0687200; Keywords: Microeconomic analyses of economic development, asymmetric and private information, land ownership and tenure, land reforms, land use, irrigation, formal and informal sectors, shadow economy, institutional arrangements; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/de/dedps19.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Thesis Record Number: 367 Author: Bandiera, O. Year: 2000 Title: Economic Institutions in Developing Countries University: Boston College Degree: Ph.D. Short Title: Economic Institutions in Developing Countries Keywords: Formal and Informal Sectors Shadow Economy Institutional Arrangements O170 Notes: Accession Number: 0539005; Keywords: Developing Countries; Institutions; Publication Type: Dissertation; Update Code: 200011 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 859 Author: Bandiera, O. Year: 2001 Title of Work: On the Structure of Tenancy Contracts: Theory and Evidence from 19th Century Rural Sicily Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 3032 Short Title: On the Structure of Tenancy Contracts: Theory and Evidence from 19th Century Rural Sicily DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3032.asp Keywords: Asymmetric and Private Information D820 Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O120 Formal and Informal Sectors Shadow Economy Institutional Arrangements O170 Abstract: In a world with asymmetric information, contractual terms are an important incentive device. This Paper studies the effect of crop characteristics on the choice between short-term and long-term tenancy contracts and on the choice between sharecropping and fixed-rent contracts when the production process depends on two non-contractibles: effort devoted to current production and effort devoted to plant and soil maintenance. Long-term contracts are effective in providing incentives for non-contractible maintenance investment. Since, however, incentive provision is costly, long-term contracts will be employed only when, due to the characteristics of the crop, maintenance benefits are high, or when, due to the characteristics of the tenant, the cost of providing incentives is low. The predictions of the theory are tested on a unique data set containing 705 tenancy contracts signed between 1870 and 1880 in the province of Syracuse (Sicily). The empirical evidence shows that, indeed, long-term contracts were used if the crops grown had higher maintenance needs. Other comparative static results are derived and tested empirically. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0694297; Keywords: contract duration; rural contracts; tenancy; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3032.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 766 Author: Bandiera, O. Year: 2002 Title of Work: Land Distribution, Incentives and the Choice of Production Techniques in Nicaragua Institution: Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, LSE, STICERD - Development Economics Papers Short Title: Land Distribution, Incentives and the Choice of Production Techniques in Nicaragua DOI: http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/de/dedps34.pdf Abstract: Does the distribution of land rights affect the choice of contractible techniques? I present evidence suggesting that Nicaraguan farmers are more likely to grow effort-intensive crops on owned rather than on rented plots. I consider two theoretical arguments that illustrate why property rights might matter. In the first the farmer is subject to limited liability; in the second the owner cannot commit to output-contingent contracts. In both cases choices might be inefficient regardless of land distribution. The efficiency loss, however, is lower when the farmer owns the land. Further evidence suggests that, in this context, the inefficiency derives from lack of commitment. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0687185; Keywords: Agricultural productivity, asymmetric information, crop choice.; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/de/dedps34.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 767 Author: Bandiera, O. Year: 2002 Title of Work: Land Distribution, Incentives and the Choice of Production Techniques in Nicaragua Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 3141 Short Title: Land Distribution, Incentives and the Choice of Production Techniques in Nicaragua DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3141.asp Keywords: Asymmetric and Private Information D820 Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O120 Formal and Informal Sectors Shadow Economy Institutional Arrangements O170 Abstract: The distribution of property rights has a strong impact on output when, due to the non-contractibility of some inputs, market contracts do not yield efficient outcomes. In this Paper I analyse how the distribution of land rights affects the choice of both contractible techniques - such as crop mix or irrigation - and non-contractible effort when these are complements in production. I present evidence from rural Nicaragua suggesting that farmers are more likely to grow effort-intensive/highly profitable crops on the plots they own rather than on the plots they rent. I consider two theoretical arguments that illustrate why property rights might matter. The first relies on the fact that the agent who chooses effort is subject to a limited liability constraint, the second that the owner cannot commit to output-contingent contracts. In both models the choice of technique might be inefficient, regardless of the distribution of property rights. The efficiency loss is, however, lower when the farmer owns the land. Further empirical investigation shows that, in this context, the inability to commit seems to be the main source of inefficiency. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0694400; Keywords: agricultural productivity; asymmetric information; crop choices; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3141.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 940 Author: Bandiera, O. Year: 2002 Title of Work: Private States and the Enforcement of Property Rights - Theory and Evidence on the Origins of the Sicilian Mafia Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 3123 Short Title: Private States and the Enforcement of Property Rights - Theory and Evidence on the Origins of the Sicilian Mafia DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3123.asp Keywords: Game Theory and Bargaining Theory: General C700 Organizational Behavior Transaction Costs Property Rights D230 Formal and Informal Sectors Shadow Economy Institutional Arrangements O170 Abstract: Historical records show that the Sicilian mafia initially developed to protect land from predatory attacks, at a time when publicly provided security was scarce and banditry widespread. Using a common-agency model, the Paper shows that: (i) it is optimal for each landowner to voluntarily buy protection even if this results in a worse equilibrium for the landowning class as a whole and (ii) other things equal, mafia profits are higher where land is more fragmented. The argument is based on the fact that protection involves an externality because by buying protection each landowner deflects thieves on others' properties. Because of the externality, for each landlord protection is more valuable if they are one of the few to receive it, thus each landlord will be willing to pay more if some landlords are left out. Land fragmentation increases the number of landlords who would pay to keep some out, which in turn increases mafia's profits. Using qualitative data from a parliamentary survey (1881), the Paper also shows that in 19th century rural Sicily mafia was in fact more likely to be active in towns were land was more divided. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0694385; Keywords: common agency; property rights enforcement; protection; scicily-history; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3123.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 771 Author: Bandiera, O. Year: 2003 Title: Land Reform, the Market for Protection, and the Origins of the Sicilian Mafia: Theory and Evidence Journal: Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization Volume: 19 Issue: 1 Pages: 218-244 Short Title: Land Reform, the Market for Protection, and the Origins of the Sicilian Mafia: Theory and Evidence ISSN: 87566222 DOI: http://jleo.oxfordjournals.org Accession Number: 0646932 Alternate Accession Number: EP9577913 Keywords: Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Europe: Pre-1913 N430 Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Europe: Pre-1913 N530 Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law K420 Land Ownership and Tenure Land Reform Land Use Irrigation Agriculture and Environment Q150 Abstract: Historical records show that the Sicilian mafia developed to protect land from predatory attacks at a time when publicly provided security was scarce and banditry widespread. Using a common-agency model, this article shows that (i) it is optimal for each landowner to voluntarily buy protection even if this results in a worse equilibrium for the landowning class and (ii) all things equal, mafia profits are higher where land is more fragmented. The argument is based on the fact that protection involves an externality, in the sense that by buying protection, each landowner deflects thieves on others' properties. Using qualitative data from a parliamentary survey (1881), the article also shows that in 19th century rural Sicily the mafia was in fact more likely to be active in towns where land was more divided. Notes: Keywords: Land Reform; Geographic Descriptors: Italy; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200306; Copyright: Copyright of Journal of Law, Economics & Organization is the property of Oxford University Press / UK and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://jleo.oxfordjournals.org Author Address: London School of Econ and CEPR Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 770 Author: Bandiera, O. Year: 2006 Title: Land Reform, the Market for Protection, and the Origins of the Sicilian Mafia: Theory and Evidence Editor: H.-B. Schafer and A. V. Raja Book Title: Law and Economic Development Publisher: Economic Approaches to Law series, vol. 1. An Elgar Reference Collection. Cheltenham, U.K. and Northampton, Mass.: Elgar Pages: 601-627 Short Title: Land Reform, the Market for Protection, and the Origins of the Sicilian Mafia: Theory and Evidence Reprint Edition: [2003] Keywords: Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law K420 Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Europe: Pre-1913 N430 Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Europe: Pre-1913 N530 Land Ownership and Tenure Land Reform Land Use Irrigation Agriculture and Environment Q150 Notes: Accession Number: 0920430; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-84542-394-1; Keywords: Land Reform; Geographic Descriptors: Italy; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200707 Author Address: London School of Economics and CEPR Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 221 Author: Bandiera, O. Year: 2007 Title: Contract Duration and Investment Incentives: Evidence from Land Tenancy Agreements Journal: Journal of the European Economic Association Volume: 5 Issue: 5 Pages: 953-986 Short Title: Contract Duration and Investment Incentives: Evidence from Land Tenancy Agreements ISSN: 15424766 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/jeea Accession Number: 0933991 Alternate Accession Number: EP25767706 Keywords: Economics of Contract: Theory D860 Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Europe: Pre-1913 N530 Land Ownership and Tenure Land Reform Land Use Irrigation Agriculture and Environment Q150 Abstract: This paper analyzes the empirical determinants of contract length, a key and yet neglected dimension of contractual structure. I estimate contract length and contract type jointly using original data on tenancy agreements signed between 1870 and 1880 in the district of Siracusa, Italy. The findings indicate that the choice of contract length is driven by the need to provide incentives for nonobservable investment, taking into account transaction costs and imperfections in the credit markets that make incentive provision costly. The results also illustrate that because both length and the compensation scheme are used to provide incentives within the same contract, joint analysis is important for a correct interpretation of the evidence. Notes: Keywords: Contracts; Tenancy; Geographic Descriptors: Italy; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200710; Copyright: Copyright of Journal of the European Economic Association is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/jeea Author Address: London School of Economics Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 772 Author: Bandiera, O. Year: 2007 Title: Land Tenure, Investment Incentives, and the Choice of Techniques: Evidence from Nicaragua Journal: World Bank Economic Review Volume: 21 Issue: 3 Pages: 487-508 Short Title: Land Tenure, Investment Incentives, and the Choice of Techniques: Evidence from Nicaragua ISSN: 02586770 DOI: http://wber.oxfordjournals.org/ Accession Number: 0951249 Alternate Accession Number: EP27506175 Keywords: Contract Law K120 Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O120 Economic Development: Agriculture Natural Resources Energy Environment Other Primary Products O130 Economic Development: Regional, Urban, and Rural Analyses Transportation O180 Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets Q120 Land Ownership and Tenure Land Reform Land Use Irrigation Agriculture and Environment Q150 Agricultural R&D Agricultural Technology Agricultural Extension Services Q160 Abstract: The choice of cultivation techniques is a key determinant of agricultural productivity and has important consequences for income growth and poverty reduction in developing countries. Household data from Nicaragua are used to show that the choice of cultivation technique depends on farmers' tenure status even when techniques are observable and contractible. In particular, tree crops are less likely to be grown on rented than on owner-cultivated plots. Further evidence indicates that the result follows from landlords' inability or unwillingness to commit to long-term tenancy contracts rather than from agency costs due to risk aversion or limited liability. Notes: Keywords: Agricultural Productivity; Cultivation; Developing Countries; Farmers; Land Tenure; Tenure; Geographic Descriptors: Nicaragua; Geographic Region: Latin America and the Caribbean; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200801; Copyright: Copyright of World Bank Economic Review is the property of Oxford University Press / UK and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://wber.oxfordjournals.org/ Author Address: London School of Economics and Political Science and BREAD Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1018 Author: Bandiera, O.; Barankay, I.; Rasul, I. Year: 2004 Title of Work: Relative and Absolute Incentives: Evidence on Worker Productivity Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 4431 Short Title: Relative and Absolute Incentives: Evidence on Worker Productivity DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP4431.asp Keywords: Compensation Packages Payment Methods J330 Abstract: We use personnel data to compare worker productivity under a relative incentive scheme, where worker pay is negatively related to the average productivity of co-workers, with productivity under piece rates - where pay is based on individual productivity alone. We find that for the average worker, productivity is at least 50% higher under piece rates. We show this is because workers partially internalize the negative externality they impose on others under the relative incentive scheme and do so to a greater extent when they work alongside their close friends. The results illustrate the importance of understanding how workers behave in the presence of externalities when designing incentive schemes. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0740201; Keywords: absolute incentives; relative incentives; social preferences; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200408 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP4431.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 229 Author: Bandiera, O.; Barankay, I.; Rasul, I. Year: 2005 Title: Cooperation in Collective Action Journal: Economics of Transition Volume: 13 Issue: 3 Pages: 473-498 Short Title: Cooperation in Collective Action ISSN: 09670750 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0967-0750 Accession Number: 0807646 Alternate Accession Number: EP17802149 Keywords: Social Choice Clubs Committees Associations D710 International Migration F220 Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Agricultural Labor Markets J430 Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O120 Formal and Informal Sectors Shadow Economy Institutional Arrangements O170 Economic Development: Regional, Urban, and Rural Analyses Transportation O180 Abstract: The ability to cooperate in collective action problems--such as those relating to the use of common property resources or the provision of local public goods--is a key determinant of economic performance. In this paper we discuss two aspects of collective action problems in developing countries. First, which institutions discourage opportunistic behaviour and promote cooperation? Second, what are the characteristics of the individuals involved that determine the degree to which they cooperate? We first review the evidence from field studies, laboratory experiments, and cross community studies. We then present new results from an individual level panel dataset of rural workers. Notes: Keywords: Collective Action; Cooperation; Developing Countries; Institutions; Geographic Descriptors: LDCs; U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200512; Copyright: Copyright of Economics of Transition is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0967-0750 Author Address: London School of Econ and Political Science U Essex U Chicago Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1115 Author: Bandiera, O.; Barankay, I.; Rasul, I. Year: 2005 Title: Social Preferences and the Response to Incentives: Evidence from Personnel Data Journal: Quarterly Journal of Economics Volume: 120 Issue: 3 Pages: 917-962 Short Title: Social Preferences and the Response to Incentives: Evidence from Personnel Data ISSN: 00335533 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/qjec Accession Number: 0813157 Alternate Accession Number: EP18333499 Keywords: Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Compensation Packages Payment Methods J330 Personnel Economics: Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects M520 Abstract: We present evidence on whether workers have social preferences by comparing workers' productivity under relative incentives, where individual effort imposes a negative externality on others, with their productivity under piece rates, where it does not. We find that the productivity of the average worker is at least 50 percent higher under piece rates than under relative incentives. We show that this is due to workers partially internalizing the negative externality their effort imposes on others under relative incentives, especially when working alongside their friends. Under piece rates, the relationship among workers does not affect productivity. Further analysis reveals that workers internalize the externality only when they can monitor others and be monitored. This rules out pure altruism as the underlying motive of workers' behavior. Notes: Keywords: Incentives; Personnel; Piece Rate; Productivity; Geographic Descriptors: CEEC; U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200601; Copyright: © 2005 President & Fellows of Harvard University URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/qjec Author Address: London School of Economics U Essex U Chicago Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1287 Author: Bandiera, O.; Barankay, I.; Rasul, I. Year: 2005 Title of Work: The Evolution of Cooperative Norms: Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 5358 Short Title: The Evolution of Cooperative Norms: Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP5358.asp Keywords: Field Experiments C930 Personnel Economics: Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects M520 Abstract: We document the establishment and evolution of a cooperative norm among workers using evidence from a natural field experiment on a leading UK farm. Workers are paid according to a relative incentive scheme under which increasing individual effort raises a worker's own pay but imposes a negative externality on the pay of all co-workers, thus creating a rationale for cooperation. As a counterfactual, we analyse worker behaviour when workers are paid piece rates and thus have no incentive to cooperate. We find that workers cooperate more as their exposure to the relative incentive scheme increases. We also find that individual and group exposure are substitutes, namely workers who work alongside colleagues with higher exposure cooperate more. Shocks to the workforce in the form of new worker arrivals disrupt cooperation in the short term but are then quickly integrated into the norm. Individual exposure, group exposure, and the arrival of new workers have no effect on productivity when workers and paid piece rates and there is no incentive to cooperate. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0806928; Keywords: cooperation; group exercise; individual exposure; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200512 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP5358.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 646 Author: Bandiera, O.; Barankay, I.; Rasul, I. Year: 2006 Title of Work: Incentives for Managers and Inequality Among Workers: Evidence from a Firm Level Experiment Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 5649 Short Title: Incentives for Managers and Inequality Among Workers: Evidence from a Firm Level Experiment DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP5649.asp Keywords: Compensation Packages Payment Methods J330 Personnel Economics: Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects M520 Abstract: We present evidence from a firm level experiment in which we engineered an exogenous change in managerial compensation from fixed wages to performance pay based on the average productivity of lower-tier workers. Theory suggests that managerial incentives affect both the mean and dispersion of workers' productivity through two channels. First, managers respond to incentives by targeting their efforts towards more able workers, implying that both the mean and the dispersion increase. Second, managers select out the least able workers, implying that the mean increases but the dispersion may decrease. In our field experiment we find that the introduction of managerial performance pay raises both the mean and dispersion of worker productivity. Analysis of individual level productivity data shows that managers target their effort towards high ability workers, and the least able workers are less likely to be selected into employment. These results highlight the interplay between the provision of managerial incentives and earnings inequality among lower-tier workers. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0872754; Keywords: earnings inequality; managerial incentives; selection; targeting; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200611 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP5649.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1288 Author: Bandiera, O.; Barankay, I.; Rasul, I. Year: 2006 Title: The Evolution of Cooperative Norms: Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment Journal: B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy: Advances in Economic Analysis and Policy Volume: 6 Issue: 2 Pages: 1-26 Short Title: The Evolution of Cooperative Norms: Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment ISSN: 19351682 DOI: http://www.bepress.com/bejeap/advances/ Accession Number: 0857942 Alternate Accession Number: EP20253234 Keywords: Field Experiments C930 Agricultural Labor Markets J430 Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets Q120 Abstract: We document the establishment and evolution of a cooperative norm among workers using evidence from a natural field experiment on a leading UK farm. Workers are paid according to a relative incentive scheme under which increasing individual effort raises a worker's own pay but imposes a negative externality on the pay of all co-workers, thus creating a rationale for cooperation. As a counterfactual, we analyze worker behavior when workers are paid piece rates and thus have no incentive to cooperate. We find that workers cooperate more as their exposure to the relative incentive scheme increases. We also find that individual and group exposure are substitutes, namely workers who work alongside colleagues with higher exposure cooperate more. Shocks to the workforce in the form of new worker arrivals disrupt cooperation in the short term but are then quickly integrated into the norm. Individual exposure, group exposure, and the arrival of new workers have no effect on productivity when workers and paid piece rates and there is no incentive to cooperate. Notes: Keywords: Experiment; Experiments; Field Experiment; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200608; Copyright: Copyright of B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy: Advances in Economic Analysis & Policy is the property of Berkeley Electronic Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.bepress.com/bejeap/advances/ Author Address: LSE, UK U Essex U College London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 647 Author: Bandiera, O.; Barankay, I.; Rasul, I. Year: 2007 Title: Incentives for Managers and Inequality among Workers: Evidence from a Firm-Level Experiment Journal: Quarterly Journal of Economics Volume: 122 Issue: 2 Pages: 729-773 Short Title: Incentives for Managers and Inequality among Workers: Evidence from a Firm-Level Experiment ISSN: 00335533 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/qjec Accession Number: 0924627 Alternate Accession Number: EP25492546 Keywords: Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Compensation Packages Payment Methods J330 Personnel Management Executive Compensation M120 Personnel Economics: Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects M520 Agricultural Markets and Marketing Cooperatives Agribusiness Q130 Abstract: We present evidence from a firm level experiment in which we engineered an exogenous change in managerial compensation from fixed wages to performance pay based on the average productivity of lower-tier workers. Theory suggests that managerial incentives affect both the mean and dispersion of workers' productivity through two channels. First, managers respond to incentives by targeting their efforts towards more able workers, implying that both the mean and the dispersion increase. Second, managers select out the least able workers, implying that the mean increases but the dispersion may decrease. In our field experiment we find that the introduction of managerial performance pay raises both the mean and dispersion of worker productivity. Analysis of individual level productivity data shows that managers target their effort towards high ability workers, and the least able workers are less likely to be selected into employment. These results highlight the interplay between the provision of managerial incentives and earnings inequality among lower-tier workers. Notes: Keywords: Compensation; Firm; Firms; Incentives; Pay; Productivity; Wage; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200708; Copyright: © 2007 President & Fellows of Harvard University URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/qjec Author Address: London School of Economics U Essex U College London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1106 Author: Bandiera, O.; Barankay, I.; Rasul, I. Year: 2008 Title: Social Capital in the Workplace: Evidence on Its Formation and Consequences Journal: Labour Economics Volume: 15 Issue: 4 Pages: 725-749 Short Title: Social Capital in the Workplace: Evidence on Its Formation and Consequences ISSN: 09275371 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/523092/description#description Accession Number: 1000568 Keywords: Time Allocation and Labor Supply J220 Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Agricultural Labor Markets J430 Personnel Management Executive Compensation M120 Personnel Economics: Labor Management M540 Agricultural Markets and Marketing Cooperatives Agribusiness Q130 Economic Sociology Economic Anthropology Social and Economic Stratification Z130 Abstract: The existence of social ties between co-workers affect many aspects of firm and worker behavior, such as how workers respond to a given set of incentives, the optimal compensation structures for workers at different tiers of the firm hierarchy, and the optimal organizational design for the firm. This paper presents evidence on the social capital in one particular firm, as embodied in the friendship ties among its workers. We describe the structure of the friendship network as a whole and present evidence on the determinants of social ties. Finally, we review evidence from a field experiment we conducted in the firm to highlight one particular mechanism through which social capital significantly affects worker performance. Notes: Keywords: Compensation; Firm; Firms; Social Capital; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200811 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2007.07.006 http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/523092/description#description Author Address: London School of Economics and Political Science U Warwick U College London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1108 Author: Bandiera, O.; Barankay, I.; Rasul, I. Year: 2009 Title: Social Connections and Incentives in the Workplace: Evidence from Personnel Data Journal: Econometrica Volume: 77 Issue: 4 Pages: 1047-1094 Short Title: Social Connections and Incentives in the Workplace: Evidence from Personnel Data ISSN: 00129682 DOI: http://www.econometricsociety.org Accession Number: 1057686 Keywords: Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Personnel Management Executive Compensation M120 Personnel Economics: Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects M520 Personnel Economics: Labor Management M540 Economic Sociology Economic Anthropology Social and Economic Stratification Z130 Abstract: We present evidence on the effect of social connections between workers and managers on productivity in the workplace. To evaluate whether the existence of social connections is beneficial to the firm's overall performance, we explore how the effects of social connections vary with the strength of managerial incentives and worker's ability. To do so, we combine panel data on individual worker's productivity from personnel records with a natural field experiment in which we engineered an exogenous change in managerial incentives, from fixed wages to bonuses based on the average productivity of the workers managed. We find that when managers are paid fixed wages, they favor workers to whom they are socially connected irrespective of the worker's ability, but when they are paid performance bonuses, they target their effort toward high ability workers irrespective of whether they are socially connected to them or not. Although social connections increase the performance of connected workers, we find that favoring connected workers is detrimental for the firm's overall performance. Notes: Keywords: Firm; Firms; Incentives; Personnel; Productivity; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200909 URL: http://www.econometricsociety.org Author Address: London School of Economics and Political Science U PA U College London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1109 Author: Bandiera, O.; Barankay, I.; Rasul, I. Year: 2009 Title of Work: Social Connections and Incentives in the Workplace: Evidence from Personnel Data Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 7114 Short Title: Social Connections and Incentives in the Workplace: Evidence from Personnel Data DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP7114.asp Keywords: Compensation Packages Payment Methods J330 Personnel Economics: Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects M520 Personnel Economics: Labor Contracting Devices M550 Abstract: We present evidence on the effect of social connections between workers and managers on productivity in the workplace. To evaluate whether the existence of social connections is beneficial to the firm's overall performance, we explore how the effects of social connections vary with the strength of managerial incentives and worker's ability. To do so, we combine panel data on individual worker's productivity from personnel records with a natural field experiment in which we engineered an exogenous change in managerial incentives, from fixed wages, to bonuses based on the average productivity of the workers managed. We find that when managers are paid fixed wages, they favor workers to whom they are socially connected irrespective of the worker's ability, but when they are paid performance bonuses, they target their effort towards high ability workers irrespective of whether they are socially connected to them or not. Although social connections increase the performance of connected workers, we find that favoring connected workers is detrimental for the firm's overall performance. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1031368; Keywords: favoritism; managerial incentives; natural field experiments; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200905 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP7114.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1110 Author: Bandiera, O.; Barankay, I.; Rasul, I. Year: 2010 Title: Social Incentives in the Workplace Journal: Review of Economic Studies Volume: 77 Issue: 2 Pages: 417-458 Short Title: Social Incentives in the Workplace ISSN: 00346527 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0034-6527 Accession Number: 1097850 Alternate Accession Number: EP48193254 Keywords: Personnel Management Executive Compensation M120 Personnel Economics: Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects M520 Personnel Economics: Labor Management M540 Agricultural Markets and Marketing Cooperatives Agribusiness Q130 Economic Sociology Economic Anthropology Social and Economic Stratification Z130 Abstract: We present evidence on social incentives in the workplace, namely on whether workers' behaviour is affected by the presence of those they are socially tied to, even in settings where there are no externalities among workers due to either the production technology or the compensation scheme in place. To do so, we combine data on individual worker productivity from a firm's personnel records with information on each worker's social network of friends in the firm. We find that compared to when she has no social ties with her co-workers, a given worker's productivity is significantly higher when she works alongside friends who are more able than her, and significantly lower when she works with friends who are less able than her. As workers are paid piece rates based on individual productivity, social incentives can be quantified in monetary terms and are such that (i) workers who are more able than their friends are willing to exert less effort and forgo 10% of their earnings; (ii) workers who have at least one friend who is more able than themselves are willing to increase their effort and hence productivity by 10%. The distribution of worker ability is such that the net effect of social incentives on the firm's aggregate performance is positive. The results suggest that firms can exploit social incentives as an alternative to monetary incentives to motivate workers. Notes: Keywords: Compensation; Firm; Firms; Incentives; Personnel; Social Networks; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201004; Copyright: © 2010 Review of Economic Studies Ltd URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0034-6527 Author Address: London School of Economics U PA U College London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 484 Author: Bandiera, O.; Barankay, I.; Rasul, I. Year: 2011 Title of Work: Field Experiments with Firms Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 8412 Short Title: Field Experiments with Firms DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP8412.asp Keywords: Design of Experiments: General C900 Personnel Economics: General M500 Abstract: We discuss how the use of field experiments sheds light on long standing research questions relating to firm behavior. We present insights from two classes of experiments: within and across firms, and draw common lessons from both sets. Field experiments within firms generally aim to shed light on the nature of agency problems. Along these lines, we discuss how field experiments have provided new insights on shirking behavior, and the provision of monetary and non-monetary incentives. Field experiments across firms generally aim to uncover firms' binding constraints by exogenously varying the availability of key inputs such as labor, physical capital, and managerial capital. We conclude by discussing some of the practical issues researchers face when designing experiments and by highlighting areas for further research. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1256759; Keywords: field experiments; firms; organizations; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 201109 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP8412.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 485 Author: Bandiera, O.; Barankay, I.; Rasul, I. Year: 2011 Title: Field Experiments with Firms Journal: Journal of Economic Perspectives Volume: 25 Issue: 3 Pages: 63-82 Date: Summer Short Title: Field Experiments with Firms ISSN: 08953309 DOI: http://www.aeaweb.org/jep/ Accession Number: 1244389 Keywords: Field Experiments C930 Firm Behavior: Theory D210 Abstract: We discuss how the use of field experiments sheds light on long-standing research questions relating to firm behavior. We present insights from two classes of experiments--within and across firms--and draw common lessons from both sets. Field experiments within firms generally aim to shed light on the nature of agency problems. Along these lines, we discuss how field experiments have provided new insights on shirking behavior and the provision of monetary and nonmonetary incentives. Field experiments across firms generally aim to uncover firms' binding constraints by exogenously varying the availability of key inputs such as labor, physical capital, and managerial capital. We conclude by discussing some of the practical issues researchers face when designing experiments and by highlighting areas for further research. Notes: Keywords: Experiment; Experiments; Field Experiment; Firm; Firm Behavior; Firms; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201107 URL: http://www.aeaweb.org/jep/ Author Address: London School of Economics and Political Science U PA U College London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 486 Author: Bandiera, O.; Barankay, I.; Rasul, I. Year: 2011 Title: Field Experiments with Firms Volume: 25 Issue: 3 Pages: 63-82 Date: Summer2011 Short Title: Field Experiments with Firms ISSN: 08953309 Accession Number: EP64459063 Notes: Publication Type: Article; Copyright: Copyright of Journal of Economic Perspectives is the property of American Economic Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: 10.1257/jep.25.3.63 Author Address: a1 a2 a3 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 696 Author: Bandiera, O.; Burgess, R.; Goldstein, M.; Gulesci, S.; Rasul, I.; Sulaiman, M. Year: 2010 Title: Intentions to Participate in Adolescent Training Programs: Evidence from Uganda Journal: Journal of the European Economic Association Volume: 8 Issue: 2-3 Pages: 548-560 Short Title: Intentions to Participate in Adolescent Training Programs: Evidence from Uganda ISSN: 15424766 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/jeea Accession Number: 1108798 Alternate Accession Number: EP49118323 Keywords: Analysis of Education I210 Fertility Family Planning Child Care Children Youth J130 Economics of Gender Non-labor Discrimination J160 Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Economic Development: Human Resources Human Development Income Distribution Migration O150 Abstract: Almost one-third of the population in developing countries is under age 15. Hence improving the effectiveness of policy interventions that target adolescents might be especially important. We analyze the intention to participate in training programs of adolescent girls in Uganda, a country with perhaps the most skewed age distribution anywhere in the world. The training program we focus on is BRAC's Adolescent Development Program, which emphasizes the provision of life skills, entrepreneurship training, and microfinance. We find that girls who are more likely to benefit from the program are more likely to intend to participate. The program attracts girls who are likely to place a high value on financial independence: single mothers and girls who are alienated from their families. The program attracts girls who are more likely to benefit from training: girls who believe they could be successful entrepreneurs but currently lack the quantitative skills to do so. Reassuringly, girls who are in school full-time are less likely to intend to participate. We also find that the program attracts girls from poorer villages but we find no evidence that poorer girls within each village are more likely to want to participate. Finally, girls from villages who have previously been exposed to NGO projects are less likely to intend to participate. Notes: Keywords: Adolescent; Age Distribution; Developing Countries; Development; Distribution; Mothers; Population; Single Mother; Skill; Training; Training Program; Geographic Descriptors: Uganda; Geographic Region: Africa; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201006; Copyright: Copyright of Journal of the European Economic Association is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/jeea Author Address: London School of Economics World Bank U College London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 332 Author: Bandiera, O.; Caprio, G., Jr.; Honohan, P.; Schiantarelli, F. Year: 1998 Title of Work: Does Financial Reform Raise or Reduce Savings? Institution: Boston College Department of Economics, Boston College Working Papers in Economics: 413 Pages: 57 pages Short Title: Does Financial Reform Raise or Reduce Savings? DOI: http://fmwww.bc.edu/EC-P/WP413.pdf Keywords: Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects E430 Policy Objectives Policy Designs and Consistency Policy Coordination E610 Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O110 Abstract: The effect of financial liberalization on private saving is theoretically ambiguous, not only because the link between interest rate levels and saving is itself ambiguous, but also because financial liberalization is a multi-dimensional and phased process, sometimes involving reversals. Some dimensions, such as increased household access to consumer credit or housing finance, might also work to reduce private savings rather than increasing them. Furthermore, the long-term effect of liberalization on savings may differ substantially from the impact effect. Using Principal Components, we construct a 25-year time series index of financial liberalization for each of eight developing countries: Chile, Ghana, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Turkey and Zimbabwe. This is employed in an econometric analysis of private saving in these countries. We find that the pattern of effects differs across countries. In summary, liberalization appears to have had a significant positive direct effect on saving in Ghana and Turkey, and a negative effect in Korea and Mexico. No clear effect is discernible in the other countries. There is no evidence of significant, positive and sizeable interest rate effects. For the present, our results must be taken as an indication that there is no firm evidence that financial liberalization will increase saving. Indeed, under some circumstances, liberalization has been associated with a fall in saving. All in all, it would be unwise to rely on an increase in private savings as the channel through which financial liberalization can be expected to increase growth. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0787211; Keywords: financial reform, savings, financial liberalization, developing countries; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200508 URL: http://fmwww.bc.edu/EC-P/WP413.pdf Author Address: Boston College World Bank World Bank and CEPR Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 331 Author: Bandiera, O.; et al. Year: 2000 Title: Does Financial Reform Raise or Reduce Saving? Journal: Review of Economics and Statistics Volume: 82 Issue: 2 Pages: 239-263 Short Title: Does Financial Reform Raise or Reduce Saving? ISSN: 00346535 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/rest Accession Number: 0535069 Alternate Accession Number: EP3200310 Keywords: Economic Development: Financial Markets Saving and Capital Investment Corporate Finance and Governance O160 Macroeconomics: Consumption Saving Wealth E210 Abstract: The effect of financial liberalization on private saving is theoretically ambiguous, not only because the link between interest rate levels and saving is itself ambiguous, but also because financial liberalization is a multidimensional and phased process, sometimes involving reversals. Using principal components, we construct 25-year time-series indices of financial liberalization for each of eight developing countries: Chile, Ghana, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Turkey, and Zimbabwe. These are employed in an econometric analysis of private saving in these countries. Our results cannot offer support for the hypothesis that financial liberalization will increase saving. On the contrary, the indications are that liberalization overall--and in particular those elements that relax liquidity constraints--may be associated with a fall in saving. Notes: Keywords: Developing Countries; Financial Liberalization; Saving; Geographic Descriptors: Selected LDCs; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200010; Copyright: Copyright of Review of Economics & Statistics is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/rest Author Address: London School of Econ Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 588 Author: Bandiera, O.; Larcinese, V.; Rasul, I. Year: 2009 Title of Work: Heterogeneous Class Size Effects: New Evidence from a Panel of University Students Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 7512 Short Title: Heterogeneous Class Size Effects: New Evidence from a Panel of University Students DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP7512.asp Keywords: Economic Education and Teaching of Economics: General A200 Organizational Behavior Transaction Costs Property Rights D230 Higher Education and Research Institutions I230 Abstract: Over the last decade, many countries have experienced dramatic increases in university enrolment, which, when not matched by compensating increases in other inputs, have resulted in larger class sizes. Using administrative records from a leading UK university, we present evidence on the effects of class size on students' test scores. We observe the same student and faculty members being exposed to a wide range of class sizes from less than 10 to over 200. We therefore estimate non-linear class size effects controlling for unobserved heterogeneity of both individual students and faculty. We find that--(i) at the average class size, the effect size is -.108; (ii) the effect size is however negative and significant only for the smallest and largest ranges of class sizes and zero over a wide range of intermediate class sizes; (iii) students at the top of the test score distribution are more affected by changes in class size, especially when class sizes are very large. We present evidence to rule out class size effects being due solely to the non-random assignment of faculty to class size, sorting by students onto courses on the basis of class size, omitted inputs, the difficulty of courses, or grading policies. The evidence also shows the class size effects are not mitigated for students with greater knowledge of the UK university system, this university in particular, or with greater family wealth. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1082906; Keywords: class size; heterogeneity; university education; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 201001 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP7512.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 587 Author: Bandiera, O.; Larcinese, V.; Rasul, I. Year: 2010 Title: Heterogeneous Class Size Effects: New Evidence from a Panel of University Students Journal: Economic Journal Volume: 120 Issue: 549 Pages: 1365-1398 Short Title: Heterogeneous Class Size Effects: New Evidence from a Panel of University Students ISSN: 00130133 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Accession Number: 1147741 Keywords: Analysis of Education I210 Higher Education and Research Institutions I230 Abstract: Using administrative records from a UK university, we present evidence on the effects of class size on students' test scores. We estimate non-linear class size effects controlling for unobserved heterogeneity of students and faculty. We find that: (i) at the average class size, the effect size is -0.108; (ii) the effect size is negative and significant only for the smallest and largest ranges of class sizes and zero in intermediate class sizes; and (iii) students at the top of the test score distribution are more affected by changes in class size, especially when class sizes are very large. Notes: Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201101 URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Author Address: London School of Economics and Political Science U College London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1056 Author: Bandiera, O.; Levy, G. Year: 2004 Title of Work: Robin Hood's Compromise: Land Reforms, Inequality, Redistribution and Moral Hazard Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 4410 Short Title: Robin Hood's Compromise: Land Reforms, Inequality, Redistribution and Moral Hazard DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP4410.asp Keywords: Distribution: General D300 Asymmetric and Private Information D820 Abstract: This Paper analyses an unusually conservative type of redistribution. We take land from the very rich, as usual, but give it to the rich instead of the poor. We show that this type of reform reduces agency costs, thus increasing productivity, total surplus in the economy, and workers' welfare. Compared to the classic redistribution 'to the tiller' it does worse in terms of equity and does not give the poor a collaterizable asset but it is likely to be more sustainable, both economically and politically. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0740181; Keywords: inequality; land reforms; moral hazard; redistribution; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200408 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP4410.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1057 Author: Bandiera, O.; Levy, G. Year: 2004 Title: Robin Hood's Compromise: The Economics of Moderate Land Reforms Journal: Contributions to Economic Analysis and Policy Volume: 3 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-23 Short Title: Robin Hood's Compromise: The Economics of Moderate Land Reforms ISSN: 15380645 DOI: http://www.bepress.com/bejeap/contributions/ Accession Number: 0769777 Alternate Accession Number: EP15518833 Keywords: Economic Development: Agriculture Natural Resources Energy Environment Other Primary Products O130 Land Ownership and Tenure Land Reform Land Use Irrigation Agriculture and Environment Q150 Abstract: This paper analyses the consequences of an unusual type of land redistribution; we take land from the very rich, as usual, but give it to the rich instead of the poor. We show that such "moderate" reform reduces agency costs and thereby increases productivity, total surplus in the economy, and the welfare of rural workers. Compared to the classic redistribution "to the tiller", moderate reforms do worse in terms of equity and do not give the poor a collaterizable asset. They can however do equally well in terms of efficiency and might be more sustainable both financially and politically. Notes: Keywords: Land Reform; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200504; Copyright: Copyright of Contributions to Economic Analysis & Policy is the property of Berkeley Electronic Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.bepress.com/bejeap/contributions/ Author Address: London School of Econ Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 309 Author: Bandiera, O.; Levy, G. Year: 2010 Title of Work: Diversity and the Power of the Elites in Democratic Societies: A model and a test Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 7985 Short Title: Diversity and the Power of the Elites in Democratic Societies: A model and a test DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP7985.asp Keywords: Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Public Goods H410 Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O120 Abstract: This paper analyzes whether political outcomes in local democracies are determined by the preferences of the median--typically poor--agents or whether they reflect the wishes of the wealthy elites. A model shows that when politicians belonging to different groups can form coalitions, the wealthy elites' influence on policy choices is endogenously higher when there is diversity in preferences among the poor. In line with the theoretical predictions, the pattern of public good provision by local governments in Indonesia reveals that when individuals have different preferences--here due to different ethnicities--democratic policy outcomes are closer to the preferences of the elites, rather than the preferences of the poor majority. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1139233; Keywords: democracy; public goods; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 201012 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP7985.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 59 Author: Bandiera, O.; Prat, A.; Valletti, T. Year: 2008 Title of Work: Active and Passive Waste in Government Spending: Evidence from a Policy Experiment Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 6799 Short Title: Active and Passive Waste in Government Spending: Evidence from a Policy Experiment DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP6799.asp Keywords: Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government H110 National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Procurement H570 Abstract: We propose a distinction between active waste and passive waste as determinants of the cost of public services. Active waste entails utility for the public decision maker (as in the case of bribery) whereas passive waste does not (as in the case of inefficiency due to red tape). To assess the empirical relevance of both forms of waste, we analyze purchases of standardized goods by Italian public bodies and exploit a policy experiment associated with a national procurement agency. A revealed preference argument implies that if public bodies with higher costs are more likely to buy from the procurement agency rather than from traditional suppliers, cost differences are more likely to be due to passive waste. We find that: (i) Some public bodies pay systematically more than others for observationally equivalent goods and such price differences are sizeable; (ii) Differences are correlated with governance structure: the central administration pays at least 22% more than semi-autonomous agencies (local government is at an intermediate level); (iii) The variation in prices across public bodies is principally due to variation in passive rather than active waste; (iv) Passive waste accounts for 83% of total estimated waste. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0971022; Keywords: government spending; waste; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200805 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP6799.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 58 Author: Bandiera, O.; Prat, A.; Valletti, T. Year: 2009 Title: Active and Passive Waste in Government Spending: Evidence from a Policy Experiment Journal: American Economic Review Volume: 99 Issue: 4 Pages: 1278-1308 Short Title: Active and Passive Waste in Government Spending: Evidence from a Policy Experiment ISSN: 00028282 DOI: http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ Accession Number: 1051410 Alternate Accession Number: EP44390218 Keywords: Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government H110 National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Procurement H570 Public Administration Public Sector Accounting and Audits H830 Abstract: We propose a distinction between active and passive waste as determinants of the cost of public services. Active waste entails utility for the public decision maker, whereas passive waste does not. We analyze purchases of standardized goods by Italian public bodies and exploit a policy experiment associated with a national procurement agency. We find that: (i) some public bodies pay systematically more than others for equivalent goods; (ii) differences are correlated with governance structure; (iii) the variation in prices is principally due to variation in passive rather than active waste; and (iv) passive waste accounts for 83 percent of total estimated waste. Notes: Geographic Descriptors: Italy; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200908; Copyright: Copyright of American Economic Review is the property of American Economic Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.4.1278 http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ Author Address: London School of Economics Imperial College London and U Rome 'Tor Vergata' Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1113 Author: Bandiera, O.; Rasul, I. Year: 2002 Title of Work: Social Networks and Technology Adoption in Northern Mozambique Institution: Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, LSE, STICERD - Development Economics Papers Short Title: Social Networks and Technology Adoption in Northern Mozambique DOI: http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/de/dedps35.pdf Abstract: Despite their potentially strong impact on poverty, agricultural innovations are often adopted slowly. Using a unique household dataset on sunflower adoption in Mozambique, we analyse whether and how individual adoption decisions depend upon the choices of others in the same social networks. Since farmers anticipate that they will share information with others, we expect farmers to be more likely to adopt when they know many other adopters. Dynamic considerations, however, suggest that farmers who know many adopters might strategically delay adoption and to free-ride on the information gathered by others. We present empirical evidence which shows that the relationship between the probability of adoption and the number of known adopters is shaped as an inverse-U. In line with information sharing, the network effect is stronger for farmers who report discussing agriculture with others. The data contains information which is needed to ameliorate the identification issues that commonly arise in this context. In particular social networks are precisely identified, and in addition we can control for village heterogeneity and endogenous group information. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0687184; Keywords: Social networks, technology adoption, information sharing.; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/de/dedps35.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1114 Author: Bandiera, O.; Rasul, I. Year: 2002 Title of Work: Social Networks and Technology Adoption in Northern Mozambique Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 3341 Short Title: Social Networks and Technology Adoption in Northern Mozambique DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3341.asp Keywords: Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O120 Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives O310 Abstract: Despite their potentially strong impact on poverty, agricultural innovations are often adopted slowly. Using a unique household dataset on sunflower adoption in Mozambique, we analyse whether and how individual adoption decisions depend upon the choices of others in the same social networks. Since farmers anticipate that they will share information with others, we expect farmers to be more likely to adopt when they know many other adopters. Dynamic considerations, however, suggest that farmers who know many adopters might strategically delay adoption to free-ride on the information gathered by others. We present empirical evidence that shows that the relationship between the probability of adoption and the number of known adopters is shaped as an inverse-U. In line with information sharing, the network effect is stronger for farmers who report discussing agriculture with others. The data contains information that is needed to ameliorate the identification issues that commonly arise in this context. In particular social networks are precisely identified, and in addition we can control for village hetereogeneity and for endogenous group formation. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0694600; Keywords: information sharing; social networks; technology adoption; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3341.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1112 Author: Bandiera, O.; Rasul, I. Year: 2006 Title: Social Networks and Technology Adoption in Northern Mozambique Journal: Economic Journal Volume: 116 Issue: 514 Pages: 869-902 Short Title: Social Networks and Technology Adoption in Northern Mozambique ISSN: 00130133 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Accession Number: 0892738 Alternate Accession Number: EP22674773 Keywords: Economic Development: Agriculture Natural Resources Energy Environment Other Primary Products O130 Technological Change: Choices and Consequences Diffusion Processes O330 Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets Q120 Agricultural R&D Agricultural Technology Agricultural Extension Services Q160 Economic Sociology Economic Anthropology Social and Economic Stratification Z130 Abstract: We present evidence on how farmers' decisions to adopt a new crop relate to the adoption choices of their network of family and friends. We find the relationship to be inverse-U shaped, suggesting social effects are positive when there are few adopters in the network, and negative when there are many. We also find the adoption decisions of farmers who have better information about the new crop are less sensitive to the adoption choices of others. Finally, we find that adoption decisions are more correlated within family and friends than religion-based networks, and uncorrelated among individuals of different religions. Notes: Keywords: Farmers; Social Networks; Technology; Technology Adoption; Geographic Descriptors: Mozambique; Geographic Region: Africa; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200703; Copyright: Copyright of Economic Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Author Address: London School of Economics U Chicago Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1457 Author: Banerjee, A. V.; Besley, T.; Guinnane, T. W. Year: 1994 Title: Thy Neighbor's Keeper: The Design of a Credit Cooperative with Theory and a Test Journal: Quarterly Journal of Economics Volume: 109 Issue: 2 Pages: 491-515 Short Title: Thy Neighbor's Keeper: The Design of a Credit Cooperative with Theory and a Test ISSN: 00335533 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/qjec Accession Number: 0331780 Alternate Accession Number: EP9408252663 Keywords: Banks Other Depository Institutions Micro Finance Institutions Mortgages G210 Economic Development: Financial Markets Saving and Capital Investment Corporate Finance and Governance O160 Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Europe: Pre-1913 N230 Abstract: Economists now appreciate that resource allocation in less economically developed economies is profoundly influenced by nonfirm economic institutions. However, the authors' theories of nonfirm institutions often suggest different answers to many questions, including those of policy. This paper illustrates a method for discriminating between alternative theories using data from German credit cooperatives from nineteenth and early twentieth century Germany. The authors build a model of credit cooperatives designed to provide monitoring incentives and test this using nineteenth century data. Notes: Keywords: Credit; Geographic Descriptors: Germany; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199412; Copyright: © 1994 President & Fellows of Harvard University URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/qjec Author Address: MIT Princeton U Yale U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1456 Author: Banerjee, A. V.; Besley, T.; Guinnane, T. W. Year: 2000 Title: Thy Neighbor's Keeper: The Design of a Credit Cooperative with Theory and a Test Editor: P. Bardhan and C. Udry Book Title: Readings in development microeconomics. Volume 2. Empirical microeconomics Publisher: Readings in Economics. Cambridge and London: MIT Press Pages: 145-169 Short Title: Thy Neighbor's Keeper: The Design of a Credit Cooperative with Theory and a Test Reprint Edition: [1994] Keywords: Agricultural Finance Q140 Banks Other Depository Institutions Micro Finance Institutions Mortgages G210 Economic Development: Financial Markets Saving and Capital Investment Corporate Finance and Governance O160 Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Europe: Pre-1913 N230 Notes: Accession Number: 0623648; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-262-02485-3; 0-262-52283-7; Keywords: Credit; Geographic Descriptors: Germany; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200211 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 267 Author: Barankay, I.; Lockwood, B. Year: 2006 Title of Work: Decentralization and the Productive Efficiency of Government: Evidence from Swiss Cantons Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 5639 Short Title: Decentralization and the Productive Efficiency of Government: Evidence from Swiss Cantons DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP5639.asp Keywords: Publicly Provided Goods: General H400 National Government Expenditures and Education H520 State and Local Government Intergovernmental Relations: General H700 Education and Research Institutions: General I200 Abstract: Advocates of fiscal decentralization argue that amongst other benefits, it can increase the efficiency of delivery of government services. This paper is one of the first to evaluate this claim empirically by looking at the association between education expenditure decentralization and the productive efficiency of schools using a data-set of Swiss cantons. We first provide careful evidence that expenditure decentralization is a powerful proxy for legal local autonomy. Further panel regressions of Swiss cantons provide robust evidence that more decentralization is associated with higher educational attainment. We also show that these gains lead to no adverse effects across education types but that male students benefited more from educational decentralization closing, for the Swiss case, the gender education gap. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0872752; Keywords: decentralization; local public goods; productive efficiency; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200611 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP5639.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 268 Author: Barankay, I.; Lockwood, B. Year: 2007 Title: Decentralization and the Productive Efficiency of Government: Evidence from Swiss Cantons Journal: Journal of Public Economics Volume: 91 Issue: 5-6 Pages: 1197-1218 Short Title: Decentralization and the Productive Efficiency of Government: Evidence from Swiss Cantons ISSN: 00472727 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Accession Number: 0903147 Keywords: State and Local Government: Health, Education, and Welfare H750 Intergovernmental Relations Federalism Secession H770 Analysis of Education I210 Economics of Gender Non-labor Discrimination J160 Abstract: Advocates of fiscal decentralization argue that among other benefits, it can increase the efficiency of delivery of government services. This paper is one of the first to evaluate this claim empirically by looking at the association between expenditure decentralization and the productive efficiency of government using a data set of Swiss cantons. We first provide careful evidence that expenditure decentralization is a powerful proxy for legal local autonomy. Further panel regressions of Swiss cantons provide robust evidence that more decentralization is associated with higher educational attainment. We also show that these gains lead to no adverse effects across education types but that male students benefited more from educational decentralization closing, for the Swiss case, the gender education gap. Notes: Geographic Descriptors: Switzerland; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200705 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2006.11.006 http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Author Address: CEPR and U Warwick Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 390 Author: Barceinas-Paredes, F.; et al. Year: 2001 Title: Education and Earnings in Europe: Spain Editor: C. Harmon, I. Walker and N. Westergaard-Nielsen Book Title: Education and earnings in Europe: A cross country analysis of the returns to education Publisher: Cheltenham, U.K. and Northampton, Mass.: Elgar; distributed by American International Distribution Corporation, Williston, Vt. Pages: 234-264 Short Title: Education and Earnings in Europe: Spain Keywords: Analysis of Education I210 Education: Government Policy I280 Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Notes: Accession Number: 0651207; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-84064-530-X; Keywords: Earnings; Education; Geographic Descriptors: Spain; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200307 Author Address: U Metropolitana de Mexico Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Record Number: 1001 Author: Bardhan, P.; Udry, C. e. Year: 2000 Title: Readings in development microeconomics. Volume 2. Empirical microeconomics Publisher: Readings in Economics. Cambridge and London: MIT Press Number of Pages: xi Short Title: Readings in development microeconomics. Volume 2. Empirical microeconomics Keywords: Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O120 Abstract: Twelve papers examine the empirical work of the diffuse field of development economics. Papers focus on evidence on men and women on health and wages in urban Brazil (Duncan Thomas and John Strauss); theory and evidence of population growth and human capital investments (Mark R. Rosenzweig); an inferential approach to intra-household resource allocation (Thomas); gender, agricultural production, and the theory of household (Christopher Udry); testing between competing models of sharecropping (Radwan Ali Shaban); a test for moral hazard in the labor market (Andrew D. Foster and Rosenzweig); using weather variability to estimate the response of saving to transitory income in Thailand (Christina H. Paxson); credit market constraints, consumption smoothing, and the accumulation of durable production assets in low-income countries (Rosenzweig and Kenneth I. Wolpin); risk and insurance in village India (Robert M. Townsend); intertemporal choice and inequality (Angus Deaton and Paxson); human capital and technical change in agriculture (Foster and Rosenzweig); and theory and evidence of property rights and investment incentives in Ghana (Timothy Besley). Bardhan is at the University of California, Berkeley. Udry is at Yale University. Author and subject indexes. Notes: Accession Number: 0572396; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-262-02485-3 (cloth); 0-262-52283-7 (pbk); Keywords: Development; Publication Type: Book; Update Code: 200108 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1120 Author: Barlow, D.; Walker, I.; Motahar, E.; Pezzey, J. Year: 1992 Title: SOFTWARE REVIEWS Volume: 102 Issue: 410 Pages: 191-197 Short Title: SOFTWARE REVIEWS ISSN: 00130133 Accession Number: EP4534058 Notes: Publication Type: Product Review; Copyright: Copyright of Economic Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. Author Address: University of Newcastle upon Tyne. University of Keele. Union College. University of Bristol. Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 784 Author: Barr, D.; Breedon, F.; Miles, D. Year: 2003 Title: Life on the Outside: Economic Conditions and Prospects outside Euroland Editor: R. Baldwin, G. Bertola and P. Seabright Book Title: EMU: Assessing the impact of the Euro Publisher: Economic Policy. Vol. 37, October 2003. Oxford; Malden, Mass. and Carlton, Australia: Blackwell Pages: 283-310 Short Title: Life on the Outside: Economic Conditions and Prospects outside Euroland Keywords: General Outlook and Conditions E660 International Investment Long-term Capital Movements F210 Foreign Exchange F310 International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions F330 Financial Aspects of Economic Integration F360 Information and Market Efficiency Event Studies G140 Notes: Accession Number: 0792300; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-405-11973-X; Keywords: Economic Conditions; Geographic Descriptors: EMU; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200509 Author Address: Imperial College London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 785 Author: Barr, D.; Breedon, F.; Miles, D. Year: 2003 Title: Life on the outside: Economic Conditions and Prospects outside Euroland Journal: Economic Policy Issue: 37 Pages: 573 Short Title: Life on the outside: Economic Conditions and Prospects outside Euroland ISSN: 02664658 DOI: http://www.economic-policy.org/ Accession Number: 0670954 Alternate Accession Number: EP11063027 Keywords: General Outlook and Conditions E660 Financial Aspects of Economic Integration F360 International Investment Long-term Capital Movements F210 International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions F330 Open Economy Macroeconomics F410 Abstract: The European economic and monetary union (EMU) is now over 4 years old. In this paper we assess whether monetary union has begun to have significant economic effects by comparing countries in EMU with the EU countries outside. We focus principally on trade creation between EMU member countries, using a methodology that controls for the fact that the decision to join the monetary union was not random but was more likely to be taken by countries whose prospects of trading with other EMU members were already high. We find that the trade effects of monetary union are significant. We estimate that had the UK been inside EMU the sum of its imports and exports could have been substantially greater. For comparative purposes, we also make preliminary estimates of the effect of monetary union on three other dimensions of economic performance: foreign direct investment, the development of financial markets and overall macroeconomic performance, though we recognize that our ability to control for other factors is more limited in respect of these other indicators. The evidence suggests that inward investment in the countries outside would have been greater had they joined EMU, but that the impact of this on GDP would be no more than 0.3% of GDP per annum for the UK and less than that for the other "outs". Financial market activity shows no clear sign of having been affected by EMU, and London's position as Europe's financial centre remains, as yet, largely unchallenged. On standard measures of aggregate performance--inflation, unemployment and output--no clear pattern of EMU effects has yet emerged. Notes: Keywords: EMU; EU; Economic Conditions; Monetary Union; Geographic Descriptors: EMU; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200401; Copyright: Copyright of Economic Policy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.economic-policy.org/ Author Address: Imperial College London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 388 Author: Barth, E.; Roed, M. Year: 2001 Title: Education and Earnings in Europe: Norway Editor: C. Harmon, I. Walker and N. Westergaard-Nielsen Book Title: Education and earnings in Europe: A cross country analysis of the returns to education Publisher: Cheltenham, U.K. and Northampton, Mass.: Elgar; distributed by American International Distribution Corporation, Williston, Vt. Pages: 198-212 Short Title: Education and Earnings in Europe: Norway Keywords: Analysis of Education I210 Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Education: Government Policy I280 Notes: Accession Number: 0651205; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-84064-530-X; Keywords: Earnings; Education; Geographic Descriptors: Norway; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200307 Author Address: Institute for Social Research, Norway Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Record Number: 580 Author: Behrman, J.; Srinivasan, T. N. e. Year: 1995 Title: Handbook of development economics. Volume 3A Publisher: Handbooks in Economics, vol. 9. Amsterdam; New York and Oxford: Elsevier Science, North Holland Number of Pages: lxxvii Short Title: Handbook of development economics. Volume 3A Keywords: Economic Development: General O100 Technological Change: Choices and Consequences Diffusion Processes O330 Economic Education and Teaching of Economics: Graduate A230 Abstract: Seven papers reflect recent developments in theoretical and empirical analysis of growth and development. Angus Deaton explores data and econometric tools for development analysis. John Strauss and Duncan Thomas discuss empirical modeling of household and family decisions. Jan Willem Gunning and Michiel Keyzer focus on applied general equilibrium models for policy analysis. Timothy Besley addresses savings, credit, and insurance. Robert E. Evenson and Larry E. Westphal consider technological change and technology strategy. Justin Yifu Lin and Jeffrey B. Nugent assess institutions and economic development. Partha Dasgupta and Karl-Goran Maler evaluate poverty, institutions, and the environmental-resource base. Behrman is at the University of Pennsylvania. Srinivasan is at Yale University. Index. Notes: Accession Number: 0372881; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-444-82301-8; Keywords: Development; Economics; Technological Change; Technology; Publication Type: Book; Update Code: 199512 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 437 Author: Bell, B.; Jones, J.; Thomas, J. Year: 2002 Title: Estimating the Impact of Changes in Employers' National Insurance Contributions on Wages, Prices and Employment Journal: Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin Volume: 42 Issue: 4 Pages: 384-390 Date: Winter Short Title: Estimating the Impact of Changes in Employers' National Insurance Contributions on Wages, Prices and Employment ISSN: 00055166 DOI: http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/quarterlybulletin/index.htm Accession Number: 0680694 Alternate Accession Number: EP8735667 Keywords: Taxation and Subsidies: Externalities Redistributive Effects Environmental Taxes and Subsidies H230 Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General J300 Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits Private Pensions J320 Abstract: This article explains how changes in payroll taxes might affect real wages and employment. It then estimates the responses of relative wages, prices and employment to the changes in employers' National Insurance Contributions (NICs) that occurred in 1999. The empirical evidence is based on industry-level data and exploits valuable variation in the extent to which these changes in the payroll tax affected different industries. Notes: Keywords: Tax; Taxes; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200404; Copyright: Copyright of Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin is the property of Bank of England Bulletin Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/quarterlybulletin/index.htm Author Address: Bank of England Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 176 Author: Bergsten, C. F. Year: 2005 Title: China's Recent Reforms: Comment Editor: T. Besley and R. Zagha Book Title: Development Challenges in the 1990s: Leading Policymakers Speak from Experience Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 225-227 Short Title: China's Recent Reforms: Comment Keywords: Foreign Exchange F310 International Linkages to Development Role of International Organizations O190 Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy Factor Movement Foreign Exchange Policy O240 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Planning, Coordination, and Reform P210 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: National Income, Product, and Expenditure Money Inflation P240 Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid P330 Notes: Accession Number: 0835746; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8213-5872-3; ; Geographic Descriptors: China; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200605 Author Address: Institute for International Economics Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1118 Author: Berthoud, R. Year: 1989 Title: Social Security and the Economics of Housing Editor: A. Dilnot and I. Walker Book Title: The economics of social security Publisher: Oxford; New York; Toronto and Melbourne: Oxford University Press Pages: 88-98 Short Title: Social Security and the Economics of Housing Keywords: Social Security 9150 Housing Economics (including urban and nonurban housing) 9320 Notes: Accession Number: 0256149; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199203 Author Address: Policy Studies Institute Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 90 Author: Besfamille, M.; Lockwood, B. Year: 2004 Title of Work: Are Hard Budget Constraints for Sub-National Governments Always Efficient? Institution: University of Warwick, Department of Economics, The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) Pages: 26 pages Short Title: Are Hard Budget Constraints for Sub-National Governments Always Efficient? DOI: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/papers/twerp717.pdf Abstract: In fiscally decentralized countries, sub-national governments (SNGs) may face soft budget constraints and consequently invest and borrow too much. The policy literature claims that, with competitive capital markets and central governments imposing hard budget constraints (HBCs), inefficient investment by SNGs should not arise. We present a model where this is not the case : HBCs can be too "hard" and discourage investment that is socially efficient. The model combines a dynamic commitment problem as in Kornai, Maskin and Roland (2004) for central government with a moral hazard problem between central and SNG. The HBC over-incentivises the SNG to provide effort by penalizing it too much for project failure, thus leading ultimately to the possibility that socially efficient projects may not be undertaken. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0856785; Keywords: Fiscal federalism; Bailouts; Hard budget constraints; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200607 URL: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/papers/twerp717.pdf Author Address: Department of Economics, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires CEPR and Department of Economics, University of Warwick Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 103 Author: Besfamille, M.; Lockwood, B. Year: 2008 Title: Bailouts in Federations: Is a Hard Budget Constraint Always Best? Journal: International Economic Review Volume: 49 Issue: 2 Pages: 577-593 Short Title: Bailouts in Federations: Is a Hard Budget Constraint Always Best? ISSN: 00206598 DOI: http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/iere/ Accession Number: 0975671 Alternate Accession Number: EP31999930 Keywords: State and Local Budget and Expenditures H720 Intergovernmental Relations Federalism Secession H770 Abstract: This article analyses hard and soft budget constraints in a federation, where there is a moral hazard problem between the central and the regional governments. Regional governments can avoid a bailout from the center by exerting costly effort. In this setting, a hard budget constraint is not always optimal because it can provide excessive incentives for high effort, and thus discourage investment that is socially efficient. Thus, a hard budget constraint can imply the opposite kind of inefficiency that emerges under a soft budget constraint, where the common pool problem can give rise to inefficiently low effort and overinvestment. Notes: Keywords: Budget; Budget Constraint; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200806; Copyright: Copyright of International Economic Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/iere/ Author Address: U Torcuato Di Tella U Warwick Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 191 Author: Besley, T. Year: 1989 Title: Commodity Taxation and Imperfect Competition: A Note on the Effects of Entry Journal: Journal of Public Economics Volume: 40 Issue: 3 Pages: 359-367 Short Title: Commodity Taxation and Imperfect Competition: A Note on the Effects of Entry ISSN: 00472727 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Accession Number: 0231916 Keywords: Fiscal Theory Empirical Studies Illustrating Fiscal Theory 3212 Microeconomics--Theory of Firm and Industry under Imperfectly Competitive Market Structures 0226 Abstract: This paper looks at the effects of allowing the number of firms to vary in J. E. Seade's model of oligopoly and taxation. The author shows that the normative and positive consequences of a specific commodity tax are affected by entry in significant ways. Notes: Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199009 URL: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Author Address: Princeton U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 458 Author: Besley, T. Year: 1989 Title: Ex Ante Evaluation of Health States and the Provision for Ill-Health Journal: Economic Journal Volume: 99 Issue: 394 Pages: 132-146 Short Title: Ex Ante Evaluation of Health States and the Provision for Ill-Health ISSN: 00130133 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Accession Number: 0219742 Alternate Accession Number: EP4530800 Keywords: Economics of Health (including medical subsidy programs) 9130 Microeconomic Theory--Theory of the Household (Consumer Demand) 0222 Abstract: This paper examines the motivation for States to intervene in the provisions that their citizens make for ill-health. The author examines arguments that relate to imperfect information and a kind of misperception which he calls evaluator relativity. He identifies ex post regret as being the force that may justify intervention that helps to sidestep some of the problems that arise when expected utility is invoked as a welfare criterion. Notes: Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199006; Copyright: Copyright of Economic Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 980 Author: Besley, T. Year: 1989 Title: Publicly Provided Disaster Insurance for Health and the Control of Moral Hazard Journal: Journal of Public Economics Volume: 39 Issue: 2 Pages: 141-156 Short Title: Publicly Provided Disaster Insurance for Health and the Control of Moral Hazard ISSN: 00472727 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Accession Number: 0228892 Keywords: Economics of Health (including medical subsidy programs) 9130 Microeconomics--Agent Theory 0228 Industry Studies--Services--Insurance 6356 Abstract: This paper looks at the moral hazard due to health insurance offering a subsidy to the consumption of health care at the margin. The authors show how the institution of publicly provided disaster insurance yields a welfare improvement. This result is obtained since public insurance encourages insured individuals to reduce the amount of private insurance that they buy and hence diminishes the moral hazard problem. Notes: Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199006 URL: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Author Address: Princeton Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1250 Author: Besley, T. Year: 1989 Title: The Demand for Health Care and Health Insurance Journal: Oxford Review of Economic Policy Volume: 5 Issue: 1 Pages: 21-33 Date: Spring Short Title: The Demand for Health Care and Health Insurance ISSN: 0266903X DOI: http://oxrep.oxfordjournals.org Accession Number: 0220910 Keywords: Economics of Health (including medical subsidy programs) 9130 Industry Studies--Services--Insurance 6356 Notes: Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199006 URL: http://oxrep.oxfordjournals.org Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 872 Author: Besley, T. Year: 1990 Title: Optimal Reimbursement Health Insurance: An Application of Profit Functions and Frischian Demands Journal: Journal of Economic Theory Volume: 51 Issue: 2 Pages: 403-422 Short Title: Optimal Reimbursement Health Insurance: An Application of Profit Functions and Frischian Demands Accession Number: 0239361 Keywords: Analysis of Health Care Markets I110 Abstract: This paper develops a model of reimbursement health insurance that uses a consumer's Frischian demands and their associated profit function. The author contrasts reimbursement insurance, which covers expenditure fluctuations on a particular subset of goods, with optimal insurance. A restriction on preferences in his profit function representation is shown to yield the fully optimal allocation for an economy with individual risks as described by Malinvaud. Notes: Availability Note: copyright (c) 1990 Academic Press, Inc. Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199103 Author Address: Princeton U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1270 Author: Besley, T. Year: 1990 Title: The Economics of Safety and Physical Risk Volume: 57 Issue: 227 Pages: 412-413 Short Title: The Economics of Safety and Physical Risk ISSN: 00130427 Accession Number: EP4518562 Notes: Publication Type: Book Review; Copyright: Copyright of Economica is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. Author Address: Princeton University Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1249 Author: Besley, T. Year: 1991 Title: The Demand for Health Care and Health Insurance Editor: A. McGuire, P. Fenn and K. Mayhew Book Title: Providing health care: The economics of alternative systems of finance and delivery Publisher: Paperback reprint. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 46-64 Short Title: The Demand for Health Care and Health Insurance Keywords: Analysis of Health Care Markets I110 Insurance Insurance Companies G220 Notes: Accession Number: 0262132; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-19-828322-9; 0-19-828872-7; Keywords: Health Care; Health Insurance; Health; Insurance; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199604 Author Address: Princeton U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1172 Author: Besley, T. Year: 1993 Title: Targeting Taxes and Transfers: Administrative Costs and Policy Design in Developing Economies Editor: K. Hoff, A. Braverman and J. E. Stiglitz Book Title: The economics of rural organization: Theory, practice, and policy Publisher: Oxford; New York; Toronto and Melbourne: Oxford University Press for the World Bank Pages: 374-405 Short Title: Targeting Taxes and Transfers: Administrative Costs and Policy Design in Developing Economies Keywords: Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General H200 Taxation and Subsidies: Efficiency Optimal Taxation H210 Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development O230 Notes: Accession Number: 0388712; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-19-520888-9; Keywords: Policy; Taxes; Geographic Descriptors: LDCs; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199607 Author Address: Princeton U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 78 Author: Besley, T. Year: 1994 Title: An Inquiry into Well-Being and Destitution Volume: 104 Issue: 427 Pages: 1460-1462 Short Title: An Inquiry into Well-Being and Destitution ISSN: 00130133 Accession Number: EP9501121659 Notes: Publication Type: Book Review; Copyright: Copyright of Economic Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. Author Address: Princeton University Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 609 Author: Besley, T. Year: 1994 Title: How Do Market Failures Justify Interventions in Rural Credit Markets? Journal: World Bank Research Observer Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Pages: 27-47 Short Title: How Do Market Failures Justify Interventions in Rural Credit Markets? ISSN: 02573032 DOI: http://wbro.oxfordjournals.org/ Accession Number: 0327945 Keywords: Economic Development: Financial Markets Saving and Capital Investment Corporate Finance and Governance O160 Economic Development: Regional, Urban, and Rural Analyses Transportation O180 Notes: Keywords: Rural; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199409 URL: http://wbro.oxfordjournals.org/ Author Address: Princeton U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1455 Author: Besley, T. Year: 1994 Title: Three Approaches to Public Economics Journal: International Tax and Public Finance Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Pages: 197-204 Short Title: Three Approaches to Public Economics ISSN: 09275940 DOI: http://www.springerlink.com/link.asp?id=102915 Accession Number: 0369954 Keywords: Public Economics: General H000 Public Goods H410 Notes: Keywords: Public Economics; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199512 URL: http://www.springerlink.com/link.asp?id=102915 Author Address: Princeton U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 829 Author: Besley, T. Year: 1995 Title: Nonmarket Institutions for Credit and Risk Sharing in Low-Income Countries Journal: Journal of Economic Perspectives Volume: 9 Issue: 3 Pages: 115-127 Date: Summer Short Title: Nonmarket Institutions for Credit and Risk Sharing in Low-Income Countries ISSN: 08953309 DOI: http://www.aeaweb.org/jep/ Accession Number: 0371326 Alternate Accession Number: EP9510154980 Keywords: Economic Development: Financial Markets Saving and Capital Investment Corporate Finance and Governance O160 Abstract: The design credit and risk institutions in low-income countries provides one of the most exciting testing grounds for theories of contracting with imperfect information and limited enforcement. This paper reviews some of the recent literature, with a special focus on nonmarket institutions that cope with risk and provide credit. This literature attempts to bring together insights from economic theory, especially information economics, contract theory, and mechanism design theory. However, it is also applied, being motivated by the circumstance of the poor countries that their authors have visited and studied. Notes: Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199512; Copyright: Copyright of Journal of Economic Perspectives is the property of American Economic Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.aeaweb.org/jep/ Author Address: London School of Econ Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 963 Author: Besley, T. Year: 1995 Title: Property Rights and Investment Incentives: Theory and Evidence from Ghana Journal: Journal of Political Economy Volume: 103 Issue: 5 Pages: 903-937 Short Title: Property Rights and Investment Incentives: Theory and Evidence from Ghana ISSN: 00223808 DOI: http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/JPE/ Accession Number: 0371480 Alternate Accession Number: EP9511305149 Keywords: Organizational Behavior Transaction Costs Property Rights D230 Land Ownership and Tenure Land Reform Land Use Irrigation Agriculture and Environment Q150 Abstract: This paper examines the link between property rights and investment incentives. The author develops three theoretical arguments based on security of tenure, using land as collateral and obtaining gains from trade. The paper then presents empirical evidence from two regions in Ghana. The author investigates the possibility that rights are endogenous, with farmers making improvements to enhance their land rights. Finally, he suggests tests for which of the theories might explain the results. Notes: Keywords: Property Rights; Property; Tenure; Geographic Descriptors: Ghana; Geographic Region: Africa; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199512; Copyright: Copyright of Journal of Political Economy is the property of University of Chicago Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/JPE/ Author Address: London School of Econ Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1073 Author: Besley, T. Year: 1995 Title: Savings, Credit and Insurance Editor: J. Behrman and T. N. Srinivasan Book Title: Handbook of development economics. Volume 3A Publisher: Handbooks in Economics, vol. 9. Amsterdam; New York and Oxford: Elsevier Science, North Holland Pages: 2123-2207 Short Title: Savings, Credit and Insurance Keywords: Economic Development: Financial Markets Saving and Capital Investment Corporate Finance and Governance O160 Notes: Accession Number: 0444902; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-444-82301-8; ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Princeton U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 913 Author: Besley, T. Year: 1997 Title: Political Economy of Alleviating Poverty: Theory and Institutions Editor: M. Bruno and B. Pleskovic Book Title: Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics, 1996 Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank Pages: 117-134 Short Title: Political Economy of Alleviating Poverty: Theory and Institutions Keywords: Measurement and Analysis of Poverty I320 Notes: Accession Number: 0515413; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8213-3786-6; ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200005 Author Address: London School of Econ Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 964 Author: Besley, T. Year: 2000 Title: Property Rights and Investment Incentives: Theory and Evidence from Ghana Editor: P. Bardhan and C. Udry Book Title: Readings in development microeconomics. Volume 1. Micro-theory Publisher: Readings in Economics. Cambridge and London: MIT Press Pages: 389-426 Short Title: Property Rights and Investment Incentives: Theory and Evidence from Ghana Reprint Edition: [1995] Keywords: Economic Development: Financial Markets Saving and Capital Investment Corporate Finance and Governance O160 Economic Development: Agriculture Natural Resources Energy Environment Other Primary Products O130 Economic Development: Human Resources Human Development Income Distribution Migration O150 Agricultural Finance Q140 Land Ownership and Tenure Land Reform Land Use Irrigation Agriculture and Environment Q150 Organizational Behavior Transaction Costs Property Rights D230 Notes: Accession Number: 0623642; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-262-02484-5; 0-262-52282-9; Keywords: Property Rights; Property; Geographic Descriptors: Ghana; Geographic Region: Africa; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200211 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 543 Author: Besley, T. Year: 2001 Title: From Micro to Macro: Public Policies and Aggregate Economic Performance Journal: Fiscal Studies Volume: 22 Issue: 3 Pages: 357-374 Short Title: From Micro to Macro: Public Policies and Aggregate Economic Performance ISSN: 01435671 DOI: http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0143-5671 Accession Number: 0595254 Keywords: Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: General O400 Capitalist Systems: Political Economy P160 Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government H110 Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: General H300 Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the link between policy and economic growth. It stresses that while growth, as measured and discussed, is a macroeconomic phenomenon, the best available evidence of policy effectiveness is typically from studies using micro data. It also reiterates the message that divergence between private and social returns is a key part of the evidence needed to discuss what kinds of policy intervention are desirable. Notes: Keywords: Growth; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200202 URL: http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0143-5671 Author Address: London School of Econ, Institute of Fiscal Studies, and CEPR Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 642 Author: Besley, T. Year: 2001 Title: In Quest of the Political: The Political Economy of Development Policymaking: Comment Editor: G. M. Meier and J. E. Stiglitz Book Title: Frontiers of development economics: The future in perspective Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 384-388 Short Title: In Quest of the Political: The Political Economy of Development Policymaking: Comment Keywords: Planning Models Planning Policy O210 Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development O230 Formal and Informal Sectors Shadow Economy Institutional Arrangements O170 Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Notes: Accession Number: 0645325; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-19-521592-3; Keywords: Development; Policy Making; Political; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200306 Author Address: London School of Econ Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 830 Author: Besley, T. Year: 2002 Title: Nonmarket Institutions for Credit and Risk Sharing in Low-Income Countries Editor: A. K. Dutt Book Title: The political economy of development. Volume 2. Resources and sectors in development Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 140. Cheltenham, U.K. and Northampton, Mass.: Elgar; distributed by American International Distribution Corporation, Williston, Vt. Pages: 237-249 Short Title: Nonmarket Institutions for Credit and Risk Sharing in Low-Income Countries Reprint Edition: [1995] Keywords: Economic Development: Financial Markets Saving and Capital Investment Corporate Finance and Governance O160 Notes: Accession Number: 0734280; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-84064-344-7; ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200407 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1236 Author: Besley, T. Year: 2002 Title: The Architecture of Government in the Twenty-First Century Editor: R. N. Cooper and R. Layard Book Title: What the future holds: Insights from social science Publisher: Cambridge and London: MIT Press Pages: 209-231 Short Title: The Architecture of Government in the Twenty-First Century Keywords: Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government H110 Technological Change Research and Development: General O300 Notes: Accession Number: 0732487; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-262-03294-5; Keywords: Government; Geographic Descriptors: Global; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200406 Author Address: Suntory Toyota International Centres for Econ and Related Disciplines, London School of Econ Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 402 Author: Besley, T. Year: 2004 Title: Elected versus Appointed Regulators Editor: C. K. Rowley and F. Schneider Book Title: The encyclopedia of public choice. Volume 2 Publisher: Dordrecht; Boston and London: Kluwer Academic Pages: 198-201 Short Title: Elected versus Appointed Regulators Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Economics of Regulation L510 Notes: Accession Number: 0796378; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-7923-8607-8; ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200510 Author Address: London School of Econ and Political Science and Institute for Fiscal Policy Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 889 Author: Besley, T. Year: 2004 Title: Paying Politicians: Theory and Evidence Journal: Journal of the European Economic Association Volume: 2 Issue: 2-3 Pages: 193-215 Short Title: Paying Politicians: Theory and Evidence ISSN: 15424766 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/jeea Accession Number: 0783875 Alternate Accession Number: EP13150205 Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Abstract: This paper looks at the theory behind the idea that paying politicians better will improve their performance. The paper lays out a political agency model with adverse selection and moral hazard where politicians are subject to two-period term limits. This model provides a number of predictions about how the pay of politicians affects agency problems. We also consider what happens when the pool of politicians is endogenous. The main ideas in the model are confronted with data on U.S. governors. Notes: Keywords: Political; Politician; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200507; Copyright: Copyright of Journal of the European Economic Association is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/jeea Author Address: London School of Econ Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 285 Author: Besley, T. Year: 2005 Title: Development Challenges in the 1990s: Introduction Editor: T. Besley and R. Zagha Book Title: Development Challenges in the 1990s: Leading Policymakers Speak from Experience Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 1-14 Short Title: Development Challenges in the 1990s: Introduction Keywords: Introductory Material Y200 Notes: Accession Number: 0835718; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8213-5872-3; ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200605 Author Address: London School of Economics Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 917 Author: Besley, T. Year: 2005 Title: Political Selection Journal: Journal of Economic Perspectives Volume: 19 Issue: 3 Pages: 43-60 Date: Summer Short Title: Political Selection ISSN: 08953309 DOI: http://www.aeaweb.org/jep/ Accession Number: 0819319 Alternate Accession Number: EP23454744 Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Bureaucracy Administrative Processes in Public Organizations Corruption D730 Abstract: Almost every major episode of economic change over the past 200 years of political history has been associated with key personalities coming to power with a commitment to these changes. But if such dynamic leaders are so important, then we need to understand how they come to hold the reins of power. This outcome could be viewed as largely the product of random events colored by idiosyncratic personalities and chance encounters. However, at least some role must be given to the underlying institutional structure, which has a more systematic influence on who rises to the top. Thus, it is essential to understand how political selection works. Notes: Keywords: Political; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200602; Copyright: Copyright of Journal of Economic Perspectives is the property of American Economic Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/089533005774357761 http://www.aeaweb.org/jep/ Author Address: London School of Economics Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 184 Author: Besley, T. Year: 2006 Title: Comments on Acemoglu and Merlo Editor: R. Blundell, W. K. Newey and T. Persson Book Title: Advances in Economics and Econometrics: Theory and Applications, Ninth World Congress. Volume 1 Publisher: Econometric Society Monographs No. 41. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press Pages: 422-430 Short Title: Comments on Acemoglu and Merlo Keywords: Institutions: Design, Formation, and Operations D020 Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Capitalist Systems: Political Economy P160 Notes: Accession Number: 0958555; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-0-521-87152-5 (cloth); 978-0-521-69208-3 (pbk); ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200803 Author Address: London School of Economics Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Record Number: 936 Author: Besley, T. Year: 2006 Title: Principled Agents? The Political Economy of Good Government Publisher: Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press Number of Pages: xiv Short Title: Principled Agents? The Political Economy of Good Government Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government H110 Asymmetric and Private Information D820 Abstract: Presents a view of government and its potential that lies between the extremes of the private and public interest, focusing on the "Publius" view of effective government. Discusses competing views of government; the anatomy of government failure; political agency and accountability; and political agency and public finance. Index. Notes: Accession Number: 0978645; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-0-19-927150-4 (cloth); 978-0-19-928391-0 (pbk); Keywords: Agency; Government; Political; Publication Type: Book; Update Code: 200807 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1369 Author: Besley, T. Year: 2007 Title: The New Political Economy Journal: Economic Journal Volume: 117 Issue: 524 Pages: F570-87 Short Title: The New Political Economy ISSN: 00130133 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Accession Number: 0949523 Alternate Accession Number: EP27609519 Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Capitalist Systems: Political Economy P160 Abstract: The aim of the New Political Economy is to understand important issues that arise in the policy sphere. It is not, as is occasionally hinted, an effort by economists to colonise political science. Rather, the main concern is to extend the competence of economists to analyse issues that require some facility with economic and political decision making. At the margin, the New Political Economy reverses the split that occurred between the disciplines of economics and political science at the end of the nineteenth century. This article is not a survey of the field. It is a selective and personal view of some of the themes in the literature. It is framed more as a manifesto presented in the hope that somebody who encounters these ideas for the first time here might be tempted to delve further into the literature and even contribute to it. Notes: Keywords: Political Economy; Political; Geographic Descriptors: India; Selected Countries; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200801; Copyright: Copyright of Economic Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Author Address: London School of Economics Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 720 Author: Besley, T. Year: 2009 Title: Interpreting the Unconventional U.S. Monetary Policy of 2007-09: Comment Journal: Brookings Papers on Economic Activity Pages: 166-172 Date: Fall Short Title: Interpreting the Unconventional U.S. Monetary Policy of 2007-09: Comment ISSN: 00072303 DOI: http://www.brookings.edu/press/journals.aspx Accession Number: 1094941 Alternate Accession Number: EP49137571A Keywords: Price Level Inflation Deflation E310 Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects E430 Monetary Policy E520 Central Banks and Their Policies E580 Financial Institutions and Services: General G200 Notes: Keywords: Monetary; Monetary Policy; Policy; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201004; Copyright: Copyright of Brookings Papers on Economic Activity is the property of Brookings Institution Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.brookings.edu/press/journals.aspx Author Address: London School of Economics Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1168 Author: Besley, T. Year: 2009 Title: Symposium on Tim Besley's Principled Agents? The Political Economy of Good Government: Reply Journal: Review of Austrian Economics Volume: 22 Issue: 2 Pages: 177-180 Short Title: Symposium on Tim Besley's Principled Agents? The Political Economy of Good Government: Reply ISSN: 08893047 DOI: http://www.springerlink.com/link.asp?id=100335 Accession Number: 1059478 Alternate Accession Number: EP38999657 Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Notes: Keywords: Government; Political; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200909; Copyright: Copyright of Review of Austrian Economics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11138-009-0071-y http://www.springerlink.com/link.asp?id=100335 Author Address: London School of Economics Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 376 Author: Besley, T.; Bliss, C.; Meghir, C.; Wickens, M. Year: 1996 Title: EDITORIAL Volume: 106 Issue: 437 Pages: 815-816 Short Title: EDITORIAL ISSN: 00130133 Accession Number: EP17739065 Notes: Publication Type: Editorial; Copyright: Copyright of Economic Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 768 Author: Besley, T.; Burgess, R. Year: 1998 Title of Work: Land Reform, Poverty Reduction and Growth: Evidence from India Institution: Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, LSE, STICERD - Development Economics Papers Short Title: Land Reform, Poverty Reduction and Growth: Evidence from India DOI: http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/de/dedps13.pdf Abstract: In recent times there has been a renewed interest in relationships between redistribution, growth and welfare. Land reforms have been central to strategies to improve the asset base of the poor in developing countries though their effectiveness has been hindered by political constraints on implementation. In this paper we use panel data on the sixteen main Indian states from 1958 to 1992 to consider whether the large volume of land reforms as have been legislated have had an appreciable impact on growth and poverty. The evidence presented suggests that land reforms do appear to be associated with poverty reduction. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0687206; Keywords: Land reform, political economy, poverty, growth, India; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/de/dedps13.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 769 Author: Besley, T.; Burgess, R. Year: 2000 Title: Land Reform, Poverty Reduction, and Growth: Evidence from India Journal: Quarterly Journal of Economics Volume: 115 Issue: 2 Pages: 389-430 Short Title: Land Reform, Poverty Reduction, and Growth: Evidence from India ISSN: 00335533 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/qjec Accession Number: 0534914 Alternate Accession Number: EP3128060 Keywords: Economic Development: Agriculture Natural Resources Energy Environment Other Primary Products O130 Welfare and Poverty: Government Programs Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs I380 Land Ownership and Tenure Land Reform Land Use Irrigation Agriculture and Environment Q150 Abstract: In recent times there has been a renewed interest in relationships between redistribution, growth, and welfare. Land reforms in developing countries are often aimed at improving the poor's access to land, although their effectiveness has often been hindered by political constraints on implementation. In this paper we use panel data on the sixteen main Indian states from 1958 to 1992 to consider whether the large volume of legislated land reforms have had an appreciable impact on growth and poverty. We argue that such land reforms have been associated with poverty reduction. Notes: Keywords: Developing Countries; Land Reform; Welfare; Geographic Descriptors: India; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200010; Copyright: © 2000 President & Fellows of Harvard University URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/qjec Author Address: London School of Econ Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1379 Author: Besley, T.; Burgess, R. Year: 2000 Title of Work: The Political Economy of Government Responsiveness: Theory and Evidence from India Institution: Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, LSE, STICERD - Development Economics Papers Short Title: The Political Economy of Government Responsiveness: Theory and Evidence from India DOI: http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/de/dedps28a.pdf Abstract: Gaps in welfare attainment between boys and girls in China have attracted international attention. In this paper demand analysis is used to try and uncover the factors which may be driving the emergence of the gender gaps. Drawing on household expenditure data from a poor (Sichuan) and rich (Jiangsu) Chinese province we are able to test for different types of gender bias in intra-household allocation. Spending on health is found to be biased against young girls in the poor but not in the rich province, whereas there is a bias in education spending against older girls in both provinces. These biases in household spending were found to correspond to gender biases in mortality and enrolment outcomes as revealed in census data for the same year. Split sample analysis reveals that poorer, less diversified households exhibit stronger biases against girls. Taken together, the results suggest that son preference in rural China is not driven solely by cultural factors pointing to a potential role for public policy. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0687191; Keywords: Modernisation, son preference, intra-household allocation, demand analysis,China.; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/de/dedps28a.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 904 Author: Besley, T.; Burgess, R. Year: 2001 Title: Political Agency, Government Responsiveness and the Role of the Media Journal: European Economic Review Volume: 45 Issue: 4-6 Pages: 629-640 Short Title: Political Agency, Government Responsiveness and the Role of the Media ISSN: 00142921 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505541/description#description Accession Number: 0575164 Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Entertainment Media L820 Formal and Informal Sectors Shadow Economy Institutional Arrangements O170 Economic Development: Human Resources Human Development Income Distribution Migration O150 Abstract: The role of mass media in making governments responsive to the needs of citizens is a relatively neglected area in economics. We sketch a theoretical example with a role for media in enhancing government responsiveness based on asymmetric information between citizens and government. We then use data for the period 1958-1992 on the extent to which Indian state governments responded to food shortages via the public distribution of food, correlating these with proxies of media, political and economic development. We find that states that are more responsive tend to also be those with high levels of newspaper circulation, electoral turnout and literacy. In contrast, richer states do not tend to be more responsive than poorer states. Notes: Keywords: Distribution; Government; Media; Political; Geographic Descriptors: India; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200108 URL: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505541/description#description Author Address: London School of Econ Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1378 Author: Besley, T.; Burgess, R. Year: 2001 Title of Work: The Political Economy of Government Responsiveness: Theory and Evidence from India Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 2721 Short Title: The Political Economy of Government Responsiveness: Theory and Evidence from India DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP2721.asp Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government H110 Public Goods H410 Welfare and Poverty: Government Programs Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs I380 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Political Economy Property Rights P260 Abstract: The determinants of government responsiveness to its citizens is a key issue in political economy. Here we develop a model based on the solution of political agency problems. Having a more informed and politically active electorate strengthens incentives for governments to be responsive. This suggests that there is a role both for democratic institutions and the mass media in ensuring that the preferences of citizens are reflected in policy. The ideas behind the model are tested on panel data from India. We show that public food distribution and calamity relief expenditure are greater, controlling for shocks, where governments face greater electoral accountability and where newspaper circulation is highest. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0694012; Keywords: Disaster Relief; Government Responsiveness; Mass Media; Newspapers; Political Accountability; Political Agency; Political Economy; Public Food Distribution; Social Protection; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP2721.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 138 Author: Besley, T.; Burgess, R. Year: 2002 Title of Work: Can Labour Regulation Hinder Economic Performance? Evidence from India Institution: Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, LSE, STICERD - Development Economics Papers Short Title: Can Labour Regulation Hinder Economic Performance? Evidence from India DOI: http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/de/dedps33.pdf Abstract: This paper investigates whether the industrial relations climate in Indian States has affected the pattern of manufacturing growth in the period 1958-92. We show that pro-worker amendments to the Industrial Disputes Act are associated with lowered investment, employment, productivity and output in registered manufacturing. Regulating in a pro-worker direction is also associated with increases in urban poverty. This suggests that attempts to redress the balance of power between capital and labour can end up hurting the poor. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0687186; Keywords: Indian industrial relations, Industrial Disputes Act, manufacturing growth, pro-worker regulations, urban poverty, capital and labour.; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/de/dedps33.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 139 Author: Besley, T.; Burgess, R. Year: 2002 Title of Work: Can Labour Regulation Hinder Economic Performance? Evidence from India Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 3260 Short Title: Can Labour Regulation Hinder Economic Performance? Evidence from India DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3260.asp Keywords: Structure and Scope of Government: General H100 Welfare and Poverty: General I300 Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: General J500 Regulation and Business Law: General K200 Regulation and Industrial Policy: General L500 Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General L600 Development Planning and Policy: General O200 Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: General O400 Abstract: This Paper investigates whether the industrial relations climate in Indian states has affected the pattern of manufacturing growth in the period 1958-92. We show that pro-worker amendments to the Industrial Disputes Act are associated with lowered investment, employment, productivity and output in registered manufacturing. Regulating in a pro-worker direction is also associated with increases in urban poverty. This suggests that attempts to redress the balance of power between capital and labour can end up hurting the poor. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0694532; Keywords: industrial relations; labour regulation; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3260.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1377 Author: Besley, T.; Burgess, R. Year: 2002 Title: The Political Economy of Government Responsiveness: Theory and Evidence from India Journal: Quarterly Journal of Economics Volume: 117 Issue: 4 Pages: 1415-1451 Short Title: The Political Economy of Government Responsiveness: Theory and Evidence from India ISSN: 00335533 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/qjec Accession Number: 0638429 Alternate Accession Number: EP8712388 Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Formal and Informal Sectors Shadow Economy Institutional Arrangements O170 National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs H530 Economic Development: Regional, Urban, and Rural Analyses Transportation O180 Abstract: The determinants of government responsiveness to its citizens are a key issue in political economy. Here, we develop a model based on the solution of political agency problems. Having a more informed and politically active electorate strengthens incentives for governments to be responsive. This suggests that there is a role for both democratic institutions and mass media in ensuring that the preferences of citizens are reflected in policy. The ideas behind the model are tested on panel data from India. We show that state governments are more responsive to falls in food production and crop flood damage via public food distribution and calamity relief expenditure where newspaper circulation is higher and electoral accountability greater. Notes: Keywords: Electorate; Government; Institutions; Policy; Political; Geographic Descriptors: India; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200304; Copyright: © 2002 President & Fellows of Harvard University URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/qjec Author Address: London School of Econ Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 579 Author: Besley, T.; Burgess, R. Year: 2003 Title: Halving Global Poverty Journal: Journal of Economic Perspectives Volume: 17 Issue: 3 Pages: 3-22 Date: Summer Short Title: Halving Global Poverty ISSN: 08953309 DOI: http://www.aeaweb.org/jep/ Accession Number: 0671588 Alternate Accession Number: EP10879889 Keywords: Measurement and Analysis of Poverty I320 Economic Development: Human Resources Human Development Income Distribution Migration O150 Welfare and Poverty: Government Programs Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs I380 Formal and Informal Sectors Shadow Economy Institutional Arrangements O170 Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development O230 Measurement of Economic Growth Aggregate Productivity Cross-Country Output Convergence O470 Abstract: The Millennium Development Goals--global targets that the world's leaders set at the Millennium Summit in September 2000--are an ambitious agenda for reducing poverty. As a central plank, these goals include halving the proportion of people living below a dollar a day from around 30 percent of the developing world's population in 1990 to 15 percent by 2015--a reduction in the absolute number of poor of around one billion. This paper examines what economic research can tell us about how to fulfill these goals. It begins by discussing poverty trends on a global scale--where the poor are located in the world and how their numbers have been changing over time. It then discusses the relationship of economic growth and income distribution to poverty reduction. Finally, it suggests an evidence-based agenda for poverty reduction in the developing world. Notes: Keywords: Development; Poor; Population; Poverty; Geographic Descriptors: LDCs; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200401; Copyright: Copyright of Journal of Economic Perspectives is the property of American Economic Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/089533003769204335 http://www.aeaweb.org/jep/ Author Address: London School of Econ Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 136 Author: Besley, T.; Burgess, R. Year: 2004 Title: Can Labor Regulation Hinder Economic Performance? Evidence from India Journal: Quarterly Journal of Economics Volume: 119 Issue: 1 Pages: 91-134 Short Title: Can Labor Regulation Hinder Economic Performance? Evidence from India ISSN: 00335533 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/qjec Accession Number: 0682440 Alternate Accession Number: EP12336623 Keywords: Labor-Management Relations Industrial Jurisprudence J530 Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: Public Policy J580 Labor Standards: General J800 Economic Development: Human Resources Human Development Income Distribution Migration O150 Abstract: This paper investigates whether the industrial relations climate in Indian states has affected the pattern of manufacturing growth in the period 1958-1992. We show that states which amended the Industrial Disputes Act in a pro-worker direction experienced lowered output, employment, investment, and productivity in registered or formal manufacturing. In contrast, output in unregistered or informal manufacturing increased. Regulating in a pro-worker direction was also associated with increases in urban poverty. This suggests that attempts to redress the balance of power between capital and labor can end up hurting the poor. Notes: Keywords: Industrial Relations; Poverty; Geographic Descriptors: India; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200404; Copyright: © 2004 President & Fellows of Harvard University URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/qjec Author Address: London School of Econ STICERD, London School of Econ Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 137 Author: Besley, T.; Burgess, R. Year: 2007 Title: Can Labor Regulation Hinder Economic Performance? Evidence from India Editor: J. J. Donohue, III Book Title: Economics of Labor and Employment Law. Volume 1. Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. Economic Approaches to Law, vol. 12.. Cheltenham, U.K. and Northampton, Mass.: Elgar Pages: 282-325 Short Title: Can Labor Regulation Hinder Economic Performance? Evidence from India Reprint Edition: [2004] Keywords: Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation Collective Bargaining J520 Labor-Management Relations Industrial Jurisprudence J530 Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: Public Policy J580 Economics of Regulation L510 Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General L600 Industrialization Manufacturing and Service Industries Choice of Technology O140 Economic Development: Human Resources Human Development Income Distribution Migration O150 Notes: Accession Number: 1010618; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-84542-706-1; Keywords: Regulation; Geographic Descriptors: India; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200812 Author Address: London School of Economics Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1375 Author: Besley, T.; Burgess, R.; Esteve-Volart, B. Year: 2007 Title: The Policy Origins of Poverty and Growth in India Editor: T. Besley and L. J. Cord Book Title: Delivering on the Promise of Pro-Poor Growth: Insights and Lessons from Country Experiences Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; Houndmills, U.K. and New York: Palgrave Macmillan Pages: 59-78 Short Title: The Policy Origins of Poverty and Growth in India Keywords: Welfare and Poverty: Government Programs Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs I380 Economic Development: Human Resources Human Development Income Distribution Migration O150 Economic Development: Regional, Urban, and Rural Analyses Transportation O180 Planning Models Planning Policy O210 Measurement of Economic Growth Aggregate Productivity Cross-Country Output Convergence O470 Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes R110 Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Regional Migration Regional Labor Markets Population Neighborhood Characteristics R230 Notes: Accession Number: 0965621; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-0-8213-6515-1; Keywords: Growth; Policy; Poverty; Geographic Descriptors: India; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200804 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 665 Author: Besley, T.; Case, A. Year: 1992 Title of Work: Incumbent Behavior: Vote Seeking, Tax Setting and Yardstick Competition Institution: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, NBER Working Papers: 4041 Short Title: Incumbent Behavior: Vote Seeking, Tax Setting and Yardstick Competition DOI: http://www.nber.org/papers/w4041.pdf Keywords: State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue H710 Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0719781; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w4041.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 328 Author: Besley, T.; Case, A. Year: 1993 Title of Work: Does Electoral Accountability Affect Economic Policy Choices? Evidence from Gubernatorial Term Limits Institution: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, NBER Working Papers: 4575 Short Title: Does Electoral Accountability Affect Economic Policy Choices? Evidence from Gubernatorial Term Limits DOI: http://www.nber.org/papers/w4575.pdf Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 State and Local Budget and Expenditures H720 Abstract: This paper uses data from U.S. states to investigate whether electoral accountability affects economic policy choices. We set up a model in which the possibility of being re-elected may curtail opportunistic behavior by incumbent governors. We find that facing a binding term limit affects choices on taxes, expenditures, state minimum wages and mandates on workers' compensation. Such effects are found also to vary with the party affiliation of the incumbent. The Democratic party also appears to suffer at the polls following the term of a lame-duck, Democratic incumbent. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0719328; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w4575.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 327 Author: Besley, T.; Case, A. Year: 1995 Title: Does Electoral Accountability Affect Economic Policy Choices? Evidence from Gubernatorial Term Limits Journal: Quarterly Journal of Economics Volume: 110 Issue: 3 Pages: 769-798 Short Title: Does Electoral Accountability Affect Economic Policy Choices? Evidence from Gubernatorial Term Limits ISSN: 00335533 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/qjec Accession Number: 0369151 Alternate Accession Number: EP9509184604 Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Abstract: This paper analyzes the behavior of U.S. governors from 1950 to 1986 to investigate a reputation-building model of political behavior. The authors argue that differences in the behavior of governors who face a binding term limit and those who are able to run again provides a source of variation in discount rates that can be used to test a political agency model. They find evidence that taxes, spending, and other policy instruments respond to a binding term limit if a Democrat is in office. The result is a fiscal cycle in term-limit states that lowers state income when the term limit binds. Notes: Keywords: Political; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199512; Copyright: © 1995 President & Fellows of Harvard University URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/qjec Author Address: London School of Econ and NBER Princeton U and NBER Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 666 Author: Besley, T.; Case, A. Year: 1995 Title: Incumbent Behavior: Vote-Seeking, Tax-Setting, and Yardstick Competition Journal: American Economic Review Volume: 85 Issue: 1 Pages: 25-45 Short Title: Incumbent Behavior: Vote-Seeking, Tax-Setting, and Yardstick Competition ISSN: 00028282 DOI: http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ Accession Number: 0351395 Alternate Accession Number: EP9504060383 Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General H200 Abstract: This paper develops a model of the political economy of tax-setting in a multijurisdictional world where voters' choices and incumbent behavior are determined simultaneously. Voters are assumed to make comparisons between jurisdictions to overcome political agency problems. This forces incumbents into a (yardstick) competition in which they care about what other incumbents are doing. The authors provide a theoretical framework and empirical evidence using U.S. state data from 1960 to 1988. The results are encouraging to the view that vote-seeking and tax-setting are tied together through the nexus of yardstick competition. Notes: Keywords: Political; Tax; Voter; Votes; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199507; Copyright: Copyright of American Economic Review is the property of American Economic Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ Author Address: Princeton U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 329 Author: Besley, T.; Case, A. Year: 2002 Title: Does Electoral Accountability Affect Economic Policy Choices? Evidence from Gubernatorial Term Limits Editor: C. K. Rowley, W. F. Shughart, II and R. D. Tollison Book Title: The economics of budget deficits. Volume 2 Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 153. Cheltenham, U.K. and Northampton, Mass.: Elgar; distributed by American International Distribution Corporation, Williston, Vt. Pages: 204-233 Short Title: Does Electoral Accountability Affect Economic Policy Choices? Evidence from Gubernatorial Term Limits Reprint Edition: [1995] Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Notes: Accession Number: 0784522; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85898-798-9; ; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200508 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 914 Author: Besley, T.; Case, A. Year: 2002 Title of Work: Political Institutions and Policy Choices: Evidence from the United States Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 3498 Short Title: Political Institutions and Policy Choices: Evidence from the United States DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3498.asp Keywords: Structure and Scope of Government: General H100 Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: General H300 State and Local Government Intergovernmental Relations: General H700 Abstract: A rich array of institutional diversity makes the United States an excellent place to study the relationship between political institutions and public policy outcomes. This Paper has three main aims. First, it reviews existing empirical evidence on the relationship between institutional rules, political representation and policy outcomes. It aims to place the literature into a broader context of theoretical and empirical work in the field of political economy. Second, it develops a parallel empirical analysis that updates studies in the literature and re-examines some of the claims made, in a setting unified both in terms of policy outcomes and the period under study. Third, the paper develops some new directions for research, presenting a small number of novel exploratory results. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0694767; Keywords: empirical political economy; government behaviour; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3498.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 915 Author: Besley, T.; Case, A. Year: 2002 Title of Work: Political institutions and policy choices: evidence from the United States Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W02/13 Pages: 114 pages Short Title: Political institutions and policy choices: evidence from the United States DOI: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp0213.pdf Abstract: A rich array of institutional diversity makes the United States an excellent place to study the relationship between political institutions and public policy outcomes. This essay has three main aims. First, it reviews existing empirical evidence on the relationship between institutional rules, political representation and policy outcomes. It aims to place the literature into a broader context of theoretical and empirical work in the field of political economy. Second, it develops a parallel empirical analysis that updates studies in the literature and re-examines some of the claims made, in a setting unified both in terms of policy outcomes and the period under study. Third, the paper develops some new directions for research, presenting a small number of novel exploratory results. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709459; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp0213.pdf Author Address: London School of Economics and IFS Princeton University and NBER Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 916 Author: Besley, T.; Case, A. Year: 2003 Title: Political Institutions and Policy Choices: Evidence from the United States Journal: Journal of Economic Literature Volume: 41 Issue: 1 Pages: 7-73 Short Title: Political Institutions and Policy Choices: Evidence from the United States ISSN: 00220515 DOI: http://www.aeaweb.org/jel/index.php Accession Number: 0642621 Alternate Accession Number: EP9376403 Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: General E600 Business Fluctuations Cycles E320 Abstract: A rich array of institutional diversity makes the United States an excellent place to study the relationship between political institutions and public policy outcomes. This essay has three main aims. It reviews empirical evidence on the relationship between institutional rules, political representation and policy outcomes; it aims to place the literature into a broader context of theoretical and empirical work in political economy. Second, it develops a parallel empirical analysis that updates studies in the literature and reexamines some of the claims, in a setting unified in terms of policy outcomes and period under study. Third, it develops new directions for research, presenting some novel exploratory results. Notes: Keywords: Policy; Political; Representation; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200305; Copyright: Copyright of Journal of Economic Literature is the property of American Economic Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/002205103321544693 http://www.aeaweb.org/jel/index.php Author Address: London School of Econ Princeton U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 975 Author: Besley, T.; Coate, S. Year: 1991 Title: Public Provision of Private Goods and the Redistribution of Income Journal: American Economic Review Volume: 81 Issue: 4 Pages: 979-984 Short Title: Public Provision of Private Goods and the Redistribution of Income ISSN: 00028282 DOI: http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ Accession Number: 0251145 Alternate Accession Number: EP9110214908 Keywords: Publicly Provided Private Goods H420 Taxation and Subsidies: Externalities Redistributive Effects Environmental Taxes and Subsidies H230 Notes: Keywords: Redistribution; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199203; Copyright: Copyright of American Economic Review is the property of American Economic Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ Author Address: Princeton U U PA Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1526 Author: Besley, T.; Coate, S. Year: 1992 Title: Understanding Welfare Stigma: Taxpayer Resentment and Statistical Discrimination Journal: Journal of Public Economics Volume: 48 Issue: 2 Pages: 165-183 Short Title: Understanding Welfare Stigma: Taxpayer Resentment and Statistical Discrimination ISSN: 00472727 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Accession Number: 0275083 Keywords: Welfare and Poverty: General I300 National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs H530 Abstract: Welfare stigma is widely regarded to be of central importance in understanding the impact of welfare programs in their goal of alleviating poverty. It affects both the decision to take up benefits and the well-being of those who actually do. This paper develops alternative models of the determinants of welfare stigma. The authors identify two views: a statistical discrimination approach and a taxpayer resentment view. The authors discuss how each may be formalized and derive their implications. They then examine what they imply about the relationship between stigma and program design. Notes: Keywords: Poverty; Welfare Program; Welfare; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199303 URL: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Author Address: Princeton U U PA Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 574 Author: Besley, T.; Coate, S. Year: 1995 Title: Group Lending, Repayment Incentives and Social Collateral Journal: Journal of Development Economics Volume: 46 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-18 Short Title: Group Lending, Repayment Incentives and Social Collateral ISSN: 03043878 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505546/description#description Accession Number: 0359511 Keywords: Banks Other Depository Institutions Micro Finance Institutions Mortgages G210 Economic Development: Financial Markets Saving and Capital Investment Corporate Finance and Governance O160 Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the impact on repayment rates of lending to groups which are made jointly liable for repayment. This type of scheme, especially in the guise of the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh, has received increasing attention. We set up and analyze the 'repayment game' which group lending gives rise to. Our analysis suggests that such schemes have both positive and negative effects on repayment rates. The positive effect is that successful group members may have an incentive to repay the loans of group members whose projects have yielded insufficient return to make repayment worthwhile. The negative effect arises when the whole group defaults, even when some members would have repaid under individual lending. We also show how group lending may harness social collateral, which serves to mitigate its negative effect. Notes: Keywords: Bank; Lending; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199509 URL: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505546/description#description Author Address: Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton U Wharton School, U PA Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1253 Author: Besley, T.; Coate, S. Year: 1995 Title: The Design of Income Maintenance Programmes Journal: Review of Economic Studies Volume: 62 Issue: 2 Pages: 187-221 Short Title: The Design of Income Maintenance Programmes ISSN: 00346527 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0034-6527 Accession Number: 0361894 Alternate Accession Number: EP9507271465 Keywords: Welfare and Poverty: Government Programs Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs I380 Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive treatment of a basic income maintenance problem. It stresses the impact that imperfect information has on program design. First, the authors are able to unify the theoretical literature on the income maintenance problem. Second, they examine the impact of allowing the government to impose workfare on recipients of income support. The solution is strikingly simple. It separates the poor into two categories, with the lower income groups subject to workfare while facing a 100 percent marginal tax rate on earnings. The second group does no public work and is offered a benefit schedule that taxes earnings at a lower rate. Notes: Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199510; Copyright: © 1995 Review of Economic Studies Ltd URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0034-6527 Author Address: Princeton U U PA Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 74 Author: Besley, T.; Coate, S. Year: 1997 Title: An Economic Model of Representative Democracy Journal: Quarterly Journal of Economics Volume: 112 Issue: 1 Pages: 85-114 Short Title: An Economic Model of Representative Democracy ISSN: 00335533 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/qjec Accession Number: 0413634 Alternate Accession Number: EP9703303287 Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Abstract: This paper develops an approach to the study of democratic policy-making where politicians are selected by the people from those citizens who present themselves as candidates for public office. The approach has a number of attractive features. First, it is a conceptualization of a pure form of representative democracy in which government is by, as well as of, the people. Second, the model is analytically tractable, being able to handle multidimensional issue and policy spaces very naturally. Third, it provides a vehicle for answering normative questions about the performance of representative democracy. Notes: Keywords: Democracy; Government; Politicians; Representatives; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199706; Copyright: © 1997 President & Fellows of Harvard University URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/qjec Author Address: London School of Econ U PA Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 83 Author: Besley, T.; Coate, S. Year: 1997 Title of Work: Analyzing the Case for Government Intervention in a Representative Democracy Institution: Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, LSE, STICERD - Theoretical Economics Paper Series Short Title: Analyzing the Case for Government Intervention in a Representative Democracy DOI: http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/te/te335.pdf Abstract: The welfare economic method for analyzing the case for government intervention is often criticised for ignoring the political determination of policies. The standard method of accounting for this critique studies the case for intervention under the constraint that the level of the instrument in question will be politically determined. We criticise this method for its implicit assumption that new interventions will not affect the level of existing policy instruments. We argue that this assumption is particularly misleading in suggesting that political economy concerns must dampen the case for intervention. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0687431; Keywords: Government intervention, public choice.; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/te/te335.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 794 Author: Besley, T.; Coate, S. Year: 1997 Title of Work: Lobbying and Welfare in a Representative Democracy - (Now published in Review of Economic Studies, 68 (2001), pp.67-82.) Institution: Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, LSE, STICERD - Theoretical Economics Paper Series Short Title: Lobbying and Welfare in a Representative Democracy - (Now published in Review of Economic Studies, 68 (2001), pp.67-82.) Abstract: This paper studies the impact of lobbying on political competition and policy outcomes in a framework which integrates the citizen-candidate model of representative democracy with the menu-auction model of lobbying. Positive and normative issues are analysed. On the positive side, lobbying need have little or no effect on policy outcomes, because voters can restrict the influence of lobbyists by supporting candidates with offsetting policy preferences. On the normative side, coordination failure among lobbyists can result in Pareto inefficient policy choices. In addition, by creating rents to holding office, lobbying can lead to 'excessive' entry into electoral competition. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0687432; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1130 Author: Besley, T.; Coate, S. Year: 1998 Title: Sources of Inefficiency in a Representative Democracy: A Dynamic Analysis Journal: American Economic Review Volume: 88 Issue: 1 Pages: 139-156 Short Title: Sources of Inefficiency in a Representative Democracy: A Dynamic Analysis ISSN: 00028282 DOI: http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ Accession Number: 0455957 Alternate Accession Number: EP415014 Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Positive Analysis of Policy-Making and Implementation D780 Capitalist Systems: Political Economy P160 Abstract: This paper studies the efficiency of policy choice in representative democracies. It extends the citizen-candidate model of democratic policy-making to a dynamic environment. Equilibrium policy choices are shown to be efficient in the sense that, in each period, conditional on future policies being selected through the democratic process, there exists no alternative current policy choices which can raise the expected utilities of all citizens. However, policies that would be declared efficient by standard economic criteria are not necessarily adopted in political equilibrium. The paper argues that these divergencies are legitimately viewed as 'political failures.' Notes: Keywords: Democracy; Equilibrium; Policy Making; Policy; Representatives; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199806; Copyright: Copyright of American Economic Review is the property of American Economic Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ Author Address: London School of Econ U PA Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 157 Author: Besley, T.; Coate, S. Year: 1999 Title of Work: Centralized versus Decentralized Provision of Local Public Goods: A Political Economy Analysis Institution: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, NBER Working Papers: 7084 Short Title: Centralized versus Decentralized Provision of Local Public Goods: A Political Economy Analysis DOI: http://www.nber.org/papers/w7084.pdf Keywords: State and Local Budget and Expenditures H720 Welfare Economics: General D600 Abstract: This paper takes a fresh look at the trade-off between centralized and decentralized provision of local public goods. The point of departure is to model a centralized system as one in which public spending is financed by general taxation, but districts can receive different levels of local public goods. In a world of benevolent governments, the disadvantages of centralization stressed in the existing literature disappear, suggesting that the case for decentralization must be driven by political economy considerations. Our political economy analysis assumes that under decentralization public goods are selected by locally elected representatives, while under a centralized system policy choices are determined by a legislature consisting of elected representatives from each district. We then study the role of taste heterogeneity, spillovers and legislative behavior in determining the case for centralization. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0717039; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w7084.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1392 Author: Besley, T.; Coate, S. Year: 1999 Title of Work: The Public Critique of Welfare Economics: An Exploration Institution: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, NBER Working Papers: 7083 Short Title: The Public Critique of Welfare Economics: An Exploration DOI: http://www.nber.org/papers/w7083.pdf Keywords: Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government H110 Welfare Economics: General D600 Abstract: The welfare economic method for analyzing the case for government intervention is often criticized for ignoring the political determination of policies. While many economists accept the thrust of this critique, exactly when and how political determination interferes with a welfare economic analysis is not well understood. This paper explores the logic of the critique in a specific context, demonstrating how political determination of policy affects the case for government intervention. We show that one form of intervention is likely to have an impact on others through the political process. These spillover effects may even provide a justification for interventions that the welfare economic approach would reject. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0717038; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w7083.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 156 Author: Besley, T.; Coate, S. Year: 2000 Title of Work: Centralized versus Decentralized Provision of Local Public Goods: a Political Economy Analysis Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 2495 Short Title: Centralized versus Decentralized Provision of Local Public Goods: a Political Economy Analysis DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP2495.asp Keywords: Publicly Provided Goods: General H400 State and Local Government Intergovernmental Relations: General H700 Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems P510 Abstract: This paper takes a fresh look at the trade-off between centralized and decentralized provision of local public goods. The point of departure is to model a centralized system as one in which public spending is financed by general taxation, but districts can receive different levels of local public goods. In a world of benevolent governments, the disadvantages of centralization stressed in the existing literature disappear, suggesting that the case for decentralization must be driven by political economy considerations. Our political economy analysis assumes that under decentralization public goods are selected by locally elected representatives, while under a centralized system policy choices are determined by a legislature consisting of elected representatives from each district. We then study the role of taste heterogeneity, spillovers and legislative behaviour in determining the case for centralization. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0693762; Keywords: Decentralization; Distributive Politics; Local Public Goods; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP2495.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 400 Author: Besley, T.; Coate, S. Year: 2000 Title of Work: 'Efficient Policy Choice in a Representative Democracy: A Dynamic Analysis' Institution: University of Pennsylvania Center for Analytic Research and Economics in the Social Sciences, CARESS Working Papres Short Title: 'Efficient Policy Choice in a Representative Democracy: A Dynamic Analysis' DOI: http://www.ssc.upenn.edu/econ/CARESS/CARESSpdf/95-10.pdf Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0727280; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.ssc.upenn.edu/econ/CARESS/CARESSpdf/95-10.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 404 Author: Besley, T.; Coate, S. Year: 2000 Title of Work: Elected Versus Appointed Regulators: Theory And Evidence Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 2381 Short Title: Elected Versus Appointed Regulators: Theory And Evidence DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP2381.asp Keywords: Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government H110 Economics of Regulation L510 Capitalist Systems: Political Economy P160 Abstract: This paper contrasts direct election with political appointment of regulators. When regulators are appointed, regulatory policy becomes bundled with other policy issues for which the appointing politicians are responsible. Since regulatory issues are not salient for most voters, regulatory policy outcomes reflect the preferences of party elites and special interests. Direct election of regulators strengthens the power of voters by ensuring the saliency of regulatory issues. Using panel data on regulatory outcomes from US states, we find evidence in favour of the idea that elected states are more pro-consumer in their regulatory policies. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0693648; Keywords: Elections; Electricity; Regulation; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP2381.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 744 Author: Besley, T.; Coate, S. Year: 2000 Title of Work: Issue Unbundling via Citizens' Initiatives Institution: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, NBER Working Papers: 8036 Short Title: Issue Unbundling via Citizens' Initiatives DOI: http://www.nber.org/papers/w8036.pdf Abstract: The role of citizens' initiatives figures prominently in contemporary debates on constitutional change. A basic question is why are initiatives necessary in a representative democracy where candidates must already compete for the right to control policy? This paper offers one answer to this question. In a representative democracy, the bundling of issues together with the fact that citizens have only one vote, means that policy outcomes on specific issues may diverge far from what the majority of citizens want. In such circumstances, allowing citizens to put legislation directly on the ballot, permits the unbundling' of these issues, which forces a closer relationship between policy outcomes and popular preferences. To the extent that it is considered socially undesirable for outcomes on specific issues to stray too far from what the majority wants, this creates a role for citizens' initiatives. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0716086; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w8036.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 743 Author: Besley, T.; Coate, S. Year: 2001 Title of Work: Issue Unbundling via Citizens' initiatives Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 2857 Short Title: Issue Unbundling via Citizens' initiatives DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP2857.asp Keywords: Analysis of Collective Decision-Making: General D700 Structure and Scope of Government: General H100 Abstract: The role of citizens' intitiatives figures prominantly in contemporary debates on constitutional change. A basic question is why are initiatives necessary in a representative democracy where candidates must already compete for the right to control policy? This Paper offers one answer to this question. In a representative democracy, the bundling of issues, together with the fact that citizens have only one vote, means that policy outcomes on specific issues may diverge far from what the majority of citizens want. In such circumstances, allowing citizens to put legislation directly on the ballot permits the 'unbundling' of these issues, which forces a closer relationship between policy outcomes and popular preferences. To the extent that it is condsidered socially undesirable for outcomes on specific issues to stray too far from what the majority wants, this creates a role for citizens initiatives. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0694121; Keywords: citizens' initiatives; direct democracy; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP2857.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 793 Author: Besley, T.; Coate, S. Year: 2001 Title: Lobbying and Welfare in a Representative Democracy Journal: Review of Economic Studies Volume: 68 Issue: 1 Pages: 67-82 Short Title: Lobbying and Welfare in a Representative Democracy ISSN: 00346527 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0034-6527 Accession Number: 0565833 Alternate Accession Number: EP4325906 Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Abstract: This paper studies the impact of lobbying on political competition and policy outcomes in a framework that integrates the citizen-candidate model of representative democracy with the menu-auction model of lobbying. Positive and normative issues are analysed. On the positive side, lobbying need have little or no effect on policy outcomes because voters can restrict the influence of lobbyists by supporting candidates with offsetting policy preferences. On the normative side, coordination failure among lobbyists can result in Pareto inefficient policy choices. In addition, by creating rents to holding office, lobbying can lead to "excessive" entry into electoral competition. Notes: Keywords: Democracy; Lobbying; Political; Representatives; Voter; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200106; Copyright: © 2001 Review of Economic Studies Ltd URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0034-6527 Author Address: London School of Econ Cornell U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 158 Author: Besley, T.; Coate, S. Year: 2003 Title: Centralized versus Decentralized Provision of Local Public Goods: A Political Economy Approach Journal: Journal of Public Economics Volume: 87 Issue: 12 Pages: 2611-2637 Short Title: Centralized versus Decentralized Provision of Local Public Goods: A Political Economy Approach ISSN: 00472727 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Accession Number: 0671910 Keywords: Public Goods H410 State and Local Budget and Expenditures H720 Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Abstract: This paper takes a fresh look at the trade-off between centralized and decentralized provision of local public goods. It argues that the sharing of the costs of local public spending in a centralized system will create a conflict of interest between citizens in different jurisdictions. When spending decisions are made by a legislature of locally elected representatives, this conflict of interest will play out in the legislature. Depending on precisely how the legislature behaves, the result may be excessive public spending or allocations of public goods characterized by uncertainty and misallocation across districts. The extent of the conflict of interest between districts is affected by spillovers and differences in tastes for public spending. Thus, the relative performance of centralized and decentralized systems depends upon spillovers and differences in tastes for public spending, but for different reasons than suggested in the existing literature. Notes: Keywords: Legislature; Political; Public Goods; Representatives; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200401 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(02)00141-X http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Author Address: London School of Econ Cornell U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 403 Author: Besley, T.; Coate, S. Year: 2003 Title: Elected versus Appointed Regulators: Theory and Evidence Journal: Journal of the European Economic Association Volume: 1 Issue: 5 Pages: 1176-1206 Short Title: Elected versus Appointed Regulators: Theory and Evidence ISSN: 15424766 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/jeea Accession Number: 0669712 Alternate Accession Number: EP12285011 Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Economics of Regulation L510 Bureaucracy Administrative Processes in Public Organizations Corruption D730 Abstract: This paper contrasts direct election with political appointment of regulators. When regulators are appointed, regulatory policy becomes bundled with other policy issues the appointing politicians are responsible for. Because voters have only one vote to cast and regulatory issues are not salient for most voters, there are electoral incentives to respond to stakeholder interests. If regulators are elected, their stance on regulation is the only salient issue so that the electoral incentive is to run a pro-consumer candidate. Using panel data on regulatory outcomes from U.S. states, we find new evidence in favor of the idea that elected states are more pro-consumer in their regulatory policies. Notes: Keywords: Election; Political; Politician; Regulation; Voter; Votes; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200312; Copyright: Copyright of Journal of the European Economic Association is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/jeea Author Address: London School of Econ Cornell U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 856 Author: Besley, T.; Coate, S. Year: 2003 Title: On the Public Choice Critique of Welfare Economics Journal: Public Choice Volume: 114 Issue: 3-4 Pages: 253-273 Short Title: On the Public Choice Critique of Welfare Economics ISSN: 00485829 DOI: http://www.springerlink.com/link.asp?id=100332 Accession Number: 0643377 Alternate Accession Number: EP9390783 Keywords: Welfare Economics: General D600 Social Choice Clubs Committees Associations D710 Abstract: The public choice literature urges the welfare economist to anticipate how political forces will shape the levels of new policy instruments when government intervenes in a new way. This paper argues that the welfare economist should also recognize that new interventions may impact the politically determined levels of existing policy instruments. It shows how the introduction of a new instrument can lead to shifts in political coalitions or compromises in existing areas of conflict that can produce significant changes in existing policies. Such spillover effects can provide new arguments for introducing particular policy interventions. Even a policy instrument without an obvious welfare economic rationale can change voter coalitions and shift the policy equilibrium in a welfare improving direction. Notes: Keywords: Coalitions; Public Choice; Welfare Economic; Welfare; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200305; Copyright: Copyright of Public Choice is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.springerlink.com/link.asp?id=100332 Author Address: London School of Econ Cornell U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 745 Author: Besley, T.; Coate, S. Year: 2008 Title: Issue Unbundling via Citizens' Initiatives Journal: Quarterly Journal of Political Science Volume: 3 Issue: 4 Pages: 379-397 Short Title: Issue Unbundling via Citizens' Initiatives ISSN: 15540626 DOI: http://www.qjps.com/ Accession Number: 1092927 Keywords: Consumer Economics: Theory D110 Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Abstract: The role of citizens' initiatives figures prominently in contemporary debates on constitutional change. It is widely believed that permitting initiatives should improve the congruence between citizen preferences and policy outcomes across the spectrum of issues on which initiatives may be placed. This paper investigates the theoretical basis for this view. It begins by identifying three basic reasons why electoral competition may not, by itself, be sufficient to ensure congruence on specific issues. Each reason relies critically on the fact that citizens have only one vote to cast for candidates who have responsibility for choosing a bundle of issues. It then shows how allowing initiatives permits the unbundling of specific issues which improves congruence when the three reasons apply. Important caveats to this logic are also presented. Notes: Keywords: Preference; Votes; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201003 URL: http://www.qjps.com/ Author Address: London School of Economics Cornell U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 651 Author: Besley, T.; Coate, S.; Guinnane, T. W. Year: 2004 Title: Incentives, Information, and Welfare: England's New Poor Law and the Workhouse Test Editor: T. W. Guinnane, W. A. Sundstrom and W. Whatley Book Title: History matters: Essays on economic growth, technology, and demographic change Publisher: Stanford: Stanford University Press Pages: 245-270 Short Title: Incentives, Information, and Welfare: England's New Poor Law and the Workhouse Test Keywords: Welfare and Poverty: Government Programs Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs I380 Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Religion: Europe: Pre-1913 N330 Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Europe: Pre-1913 N430 Notes: Accession Number: 0796187; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-0847-4398-3; Keywords: Welfare; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200510 Author Address: London School of Econ Cornell U Yale U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1269 Author: Besley, T.; Coate, S.; Loury, G. Year: 1990 Title of Work: The Economics of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 443 Short Title: The Economics of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP443.asp Abstract: This paper examines the role and performance of an institution for allocating savings that is observed world-wide--rotating savings and credit associations. We develop a general equilibrium model of an economy with an indivisible durable consumption good and compare and contrast these informal institutions with credit markets and autarkic saving in terms of the properties of their allocations and the expected utility which they obtain. We also characterize Pareto efficient and expected utility-maximizing allocations for our economy, which serve as useful benchmarks for the analysis. Among our results is the striking finding that rotating savings and credit associations that allocate funds randomly may sometimes yield a higher level of expected utility to prospective participants than would a perfect credit market. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0691718; Keywords: Credit Markets; Financial Intermediaries; Rotating Savings and Credit; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP443.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 847 Author: Besley, T.; Coate, S.; Loury, G. Year: 1992 Title of Work: On the Allocative Performance of Rotative Savings and Credit Associations Institution: Boston University, Institute for Economic Development, Boston University - Institute for Economic Development Short Title: On the Allocative Performance of Rotative Savings and Credit Associations Abstract: This paper examines the allocative performance of rotating savings and credit associations (roscas), a financial institution which is observed world-wide. We develop a model in which individuals save for an indivisible good and study roscas which distribute funds using random allocation and bidding. The allocations achieved by the two types of rosca are compared with that achieved by a credit market and with efficient allocations more generally. We find that neither type of rosca is efficient and that agents are better off with a credit market than a bidding rosca. Nonetheless, a random rosca may sometimes yield a higher level of ex ante expected utility to prospective participants than would a credit market. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0704021; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1268 Author: Besley, T.; Coate, S.; Loury, G. Year: 1992 Title of Work: The Economics of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations Institution: Boston University, Institute for Economic Development, Boston University - Institute for Economic Development Short Title: The Economics of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations Abstract: This paper analyzes the economic role and performance of a type of financial insti-tution which is observed world-wide - rotating savings and credit associations (Roscas). Using a model in which individuals save for an indivisible durable consumption good, we study Roscas which distribute funds using random allocation and bidding. Each type of Rosca allows individuals without access to credit markets to improve their welfare but, under a reasonable assumption on preferences, random allocation is preferred when indivi-duals have identical tastes. This conclusion does not generally hold when individuals are heterogeneous. We also discuss the sustainability of Roscas given the possibility of default. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0704019; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1267 Author: Besley, T.; Coate, S.; Loury, G. Year: 1993 Title: The Economics of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations Journal: American Economic Review Volume: 83 Issue: 4 Pages: 792-810 Short Title: The Economics of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations ISSN: 00028282 DOI: http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ Accession Number: 0297461 Alternate Accession Number: EP9401110155 Keywords: Economic Development: Financial Markets Saving and Capital Investment Corporate Finance and Governance O160 Financial Institutions and Services: General G200 Abstract: This paper analyzes the economic role and performance of a type of financial institution that is observed worldwide: rotating savings and credit associations. Using a model in which individuals save for an indivisible durable consumption good, the authors study rotating savings and credit associations that distribute funds using random allocation and bidding. Each type of rotating savings and credit association allows individuals without access to credit markets to improve their welfare but, under a reasonable assumption on preferences, random allocation is preferred when individuals have identical tastes. This conclusion need not hold when individuals are heterogeneous. The authors also discuss the sustainability of rotating savings and credit associations given the possibility of default. Notes: Keywords: Financial Institutions; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199403; Copyright: Copyright of American Economic Review is the property of American Economic Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ Author Address: Princeton U U PA Boston U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1064 Author: Besley, T.; Coate, S.; Loury, G. Year: 1994 Title: Rotating Savings and Credit Associations, Credit Markets and Efficiency Journal: Review of Economic Studies Volume: 61 Issue: 4 Pages: 701-719 Short Title: Rotating Savings and Credit Associations, Credit Markets and Efficiency ISSN: 00346527 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0034-6527 Accession Number: 0346248 Alternate Accession Number: EP9502074360 Keywords: Financial Institutions and Services: General G200 Allocative Efficiency Cost-Benefit Analysis D610 Abstract: This paper examines the allocative performance of rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAS), a financial institution that is observed worldwide. The authors develop a model in which individuals save for an indivisible good and study ROSCAS that distribute funds using random allocation and bidding. The allocations achieved by the two types of ROSCA are compared with that achieved by a credit market and with efficient allocations. Neither type of ROSCA is efficient and individuals are better off with a credit market than a bidding ROSCA, a random ROSCA may yield higher ex ante expected utility than a credit market. Notes: Keywords: Allocation; Efficiency; Financial Institutions; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199503; Copyright: © 1994 Review of Economic Studies Ltd URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0034-6527 Author Address: Princeton U U PA Boston U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 640 Author: Besley, T.; Collier, P. Year: 1991 Title: Import Compression and Trade Policy Editor: J. H. Frimpong-Ansah, S. M. R. Kanbur and P. Svedberg Book Title: Trade and development in sub-Saharan Africa Publisher: Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press in association with the Centre for Economic Policy Research; distributed in the U.S. and Canada by St. Martin's Press, New York Pages: 203-230 Short Title: Import Compression and Trade Policy Keywords: Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 International Linkages to Development Role of International Organizations O190 Economic Development: Human Resources Human Development Income Distribution Migration O150 Notes: Accession Number: 0334317; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-7190-3478-7; Keywords: Import; Policy; Trade; Geographic Descriptors: Africa; Geographic Region: Africa; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199412 Author Address: Princeton U and Centre for Econ Policy Research Institute of Econ & Statistics, Oxford Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Record Number: 274 Author: Besley, T.; Cord, L. J. e. Year: 2007 Title: Delivering on the Promise of Pro-Poor Growth: Insights and Lessons from Country Experiences Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; Houndmills, U.K. and New York: Palgrave Macmillan Number of Pages: xi Short Title: Delivering on the Promise of Pro-Poor Growth: Insights and Lessons from Country Experiences Keywords: Measurement of Economic Growth Aggregate Productivity Cross-Country Output Convergence O470 Economic Development: Human Resources Human Development Income Distribution Migration O150 Welfare and Poverty: General I300 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Factor and Product Markets Industry Studies Population P230 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: National Income, Product, and Expenditure Money Inflation P240 Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Consumer Economics Health Education and Training: Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty P360 Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Abstract: Eight papers contribute to the debate on how to accelerate poverty reduction by providing insights from studies of eight countries that have been relatively successful in delivering pro-poor growth. Papers discuss how Indonesia connected the poor to rapid economic growth; the policy origins of poverty and growth in India; explaining pro-poor growth in Bangladesh--puzzles, evidence, and implications; pro-poor growth in Vietnam--miracle or model; Ghana--the challenge of translating sustained growth into poverty reduction; Uganda's experience with operationalizing pro-poor growth, 1992-2003; the success of pro-poor growth in rural and urban Tunisia; and human capital, inequality, and pro-poor growth in Brazil. Index. Notes: Accession Number: 0889236; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-0-8213-6515-1; Keywords: Economic Growth; Growth; Poor; Poverty; Publication Type: Book; Update Code: 200703 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 981 Author: Besley, T.; Ghatak, M. Year: 1999 Title of Work: Public-Private Partnership for the Provision of Public Goods: Theory and an Application to NGOs Institution: Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, LSE, STICERD - Development Economics Papers Short Title: Public-Private Partnership for the Provision of Public Goods: Theory and an Application to NGOs DOI: http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/de/dedps17.pdf Abstract: This paper analyzes the role of public and private responsibility in the provision of public goods. We emphasise that a typical public good will require many different inputs which raises the possibility of partnerships to exploit comparative advantages of different parties. But hold-up problems due to contractual incompleteness in specifying tasks discourage separation of ownership and management. We extend our analysis to examine the role of project design or 'ideology' as a separate non-contractible input, and the possibility of crowding out in the form of a less caring government being elected , because of the presence of private providers. The main application developed here is to NGOs in developing countries which, in the last two decades, have been increasingly involved in various capacities in the provisions of a wide range of public goods and services. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0687202; Keywords: Public goods, non-governmental organizations, incomplete contracting, partnerships.; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/de/dedps17.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 567 Author: Besley, T.; Ghatak, M. Year: 2001 Title of Work: Government versus Private Ownership of Public Goods Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 2725 Short Title: Government versus Private Ownership of Public Goods DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP2725.asp Keywords: Bureaucracy Administrative Processes in Public Organizations Corruption D730 Publicly Provided Goods: General H400 Formal and Informal Sectors Shadow Economy Institutional Arrangements O170 Abstract: There has been a dramatic change in the division of responsibility between the state and the private sector for the delivery of public goods and services in recent years with an increasing trend towards contracting out to the private sector and 'public-private partnerships'. This Paper analyses how ownership matters in public good provision. We show that if contracts are incomplete then the ownership of a public good should lie with a party that values the benefits generated by it relatively more. This is true regardless of whether this party is also the key investor, or other aspects of the technology. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0694014; Keywords: Public Goods; Public Ownership; Public-Private Partnerships; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP2725.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 568 Author: Besley, T.; Ghatak, M. Year: 2001 Title: Government versus Private Ownership of Public Goods Journal: Quarterly Journal of Economics Volume: 116 Issue: 4 Pages: 1343-1372 Short Title: Government versus Private Ownership of Public Goods ISSN: 00335533 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/qjec Accession Number: 0592345 Alternate Accession Number: EP5562073 Keywords: Public Goods H410 Abstract: There has been a dramatic change in the division of responsibility between the state and the private sector for the delivery of public goods and services in recent years with an increasing trend toward contracting out to the private sector and "public-private partnerships." This paper analyzes how ownership matters in public good provision. We show that if contracts are incomplete then the ownership of a public good should lie with a party that values the benefits generated by it relatively more. This is true regardless of whether this party is also the key investor, or other aspects of the technology. There has been a dramatic change in the division of responsibility between the state and the private sector for the delivery of public goods and services in recent years with an increasing trend toward contracting out to the private sector and "public-private partnerships." This paper analyzes how ownership matters in public good provision. We show that if contracts are incomplete then the ownership of a public good should lie with a party that values the benefits generated by it relatively more. This is true regardless of whether this party is also the key investor, or other aspects of the technology. Notes: Keywords: Public Goods; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200201; Copyright: © 2001 President & Fellows of Harvard University URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/qjec Author Address: London School of Econ U Chicago Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 649 Author: Besley, T.; Ghatak, M. Year: 2003 Title of Work: Incentives, choice and accountability in the provision of public services Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W03/08 Pages: 30 pages Short Title: Incentives, choice and accountability in the provision of public services DOI: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp0308.pdf Abstract: This paper discusses a theoretical framework to study the issues of competition and incentives without relying on the standard profit-oriented marketo model in the context of the debates about public service reform in the UK. It uses the idea that the production of public services coheres around a mission, and discusses how decentralized service provision can raise productivity by matching motivated workers to their preferred missions. Our focus on competition and incentives cuts across traditional debates about public versus private ownership and allows for the possibility of involving private non-profits. We also address concerns about the consequences of allowing more flexibility in mission design and competition on inequality. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709442; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp0308.pdf Author Address: London School of Economics and Institute for Fiscal Studies London School of Economics Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 650 Author: Besley, T.; Ghatak, M. Year: 2003 Title: Incentives, Choice, and Accountability in the Provision of Public Services Journal: Oxford Review of Economic Policy Volume: 19 Issue: 2 Pages: 235-249 Date: Summer Short Title: Incentives, Choice, and Accountability in the Provision of Public Services ISSN: 0266903X DOI: http://oxrep.oxfordjournals.org Accession Number: 0667127 Alternate Accession Number: EP44381166 Keywords: Public Enterprises Public-Private Enterprises L320 Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises Privatization Contracting Out L330 Abstract: This paper discusses a theoretical framework to study the issues of competition and incentives without relying on the standard profit-oriented "market" model in the context of the debates about public-service reform in the UK. It uses the idea that the production of public services coheres around a mission, and discusses how decentralized service provision can raise productivity by matching motivated workers to their preferred missions. Our focus on competition and incentives cuts across traditional debates about public versus private ownership and allows for the possibility of involving private non-profit organizations. We also address concerns about the consequences of allowing more flexibility in mission design and competition on inequality. Notes: Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200311; Copyright: Copyright of Oxford Review of Economic Policy is the property of Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://oxrep.oxfordjournals.org Author Address: London School of Econ and Institute for Fiscal Studies London School of Econ Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 205 Author: Besley, T.; Ghatak, M. Year: 2004 Title of Work: Competition and Incentives with Motivated Agents Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 4641 Short Title: Competition and Incentives with Motivated Agents DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP4641.asp Keywords: Organizational Behavior Transaction Costs Property Rights D230 Structure and Scope of Government: General H100 Nonprofit Institutions NGOs L310 Abstract: A unifying theme in the literature on organizations such as public bureaucracies and private non-profits is the importance of missions, as opposed to profit, as an organizational goal. Such mission-oriented organizations are frequently staffed by motivated agents who subscribe to the mission. This Paper studies incentives in such contexts and emphasizes the role of matching principals' and agents' mission preferences in increasing organizational efficiency and reducing the need for high-powered incentives. The framework developed in this Paper is applied to non-profits, school competition, and incentives in the public sector. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0765031; Keywords: competition; incentives; non-profits; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200503 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP4641.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 206 Author: Besley, T.; Ghatak, M. Year: 2005 Title: Competition and Incentives with Motivated Agents Journal: American Economic Review Volume: 95 Issue: 3 Pages: 616-636 Short Title: Competition and Incentives with Motivated Agents ISSN: 00028282 DOI: http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ Accession Number: 0821921 Alternate Accession Number: EP18229298 Keywords: Bureaucracy Administrative Processes in Public Organizations Corruption D730 Search Learning Information and Knowledge Communication Belief D830 Analysis of Education I210 Abstract: A unifying theme in the literature on organizations such as public bureaucracies and private nonprofits is the importance of mission, as opposed to profit, as an organizational goal. Such mission-oriented organizations are frequently staffed by motivated agents who subscribe to the mission. This paper studies incentives in such contexts and emphasizes the role of matching the mission preferences of principals and agents in increasing organizational efficiency. Matching economizes on the need for high-powered incentives. It can also, however, entrench bureaucratic conservatism and resistance to innovations. The framework developed in this paper is applied to school competition, incentives in the public sector and in private nonprofits, and the interdependence of incentives and productivity between the private for-profit sector and the mission-oriented sector through occupational choice. Notes: Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200603; Copyright: Copyright of American Economic Review is the property of American Economic Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/0002828054201413 http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ Author Address: London School of Economics Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1129 Author: Besley, T.; Ghatak, M. Year: 2006 Title: Sorting with Motivated Agents: Implications for School Competition and Teacher Incentives Journal: Journal of the European Economic Association Volume: 4 Issue: 2-3 Pages: 404-414 Short Title: Sorting with Motivated Agents: Implications for School Competition and Teacher Incentives ISSN: 15424766 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/jeea Accession Number: 0886989 Alternate Accession Number: EP21615487 Keywords: Analysis of Education I210 Labor Contracts J410 Public Sector Labor Markets J450 Abstract: This paper proposes a simple framework to study incentives and matching in the market for teachers. The framework is used to investigate the consequences of introducing incentive pay for teachers when contracts have both a matching and an incentive effect. Our analysis suggests that school competition and teacher incentives cannot be studied in isolation from one another. Notes: Keywords: Contracts; Matching; Teacher; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200702; Copyright: Copyright of Journal of the European Economic Association is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/jeea Author Address: London School of Economics Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1016 Author: Besley, T.; Ghatak, M. Year: 2007 Title: Reforming Public Service Delivery Journal: Journal of African Economies Volume: 16 Pages: 127-156 Short Title: Reforming Public Service Delivery ISSN: 09638024 DOI: http://jae.oxfordjournals.org Accession Number: 0956624 Keywords: Bureaucracy Administrative Processes in Public Organizations Corruption D730 Public Administration Public Sector Accounting and Audits H830 Formal and Informal Sectors Shadow Economy Institutional Arrangements O170 Abstract: This paper reviews some issues relevant to the delivery of public services. It reviews some of the debates and flags some issues that are significant worldwide, especially in Africa. It emphasises how the debate has moved along in terms of defining the relative responsibilities of the public and private sectors for delivering public services. It also discusses the role of incentives among politicians and bureaucrats in service delivery. In a broader context, there is a need to understand the role of mission-driven delivery and the role of competition in public services. The paper argues for a focus on accountability in part through rigorous evaluation of service delivery and basing policy on sound first-principles. Notes: Geographic Descriptors: Africa; Geographic Region: Africa; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200803 URL: http://jae.oxfordjournals.org Author Address: London School of Economics Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1037 Author: Besley, T.; Ghatak, M. Year: 2007 Title: Retailing Public Goods: The Economics of Corporate Social Responsibility Journal: Journal of Public Economics Volume: 91 Issue: 9 Pages: 1645-1663 Short Title: Retailing Public Goods: The Economics of Corporate Social Responsibility ISSN: 00472727 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Accession Number: 0943296 Keywords: Public Goods H410 Corporate Culture Social Responsibility M140 Abstract: This paper explores the feasibility and desirability of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). We identify CSR with creation of public goods or curtailment of public bads. Using a model with profit-maximizing firms, the paper shows that there is a direct parallel between CSR and traditional models of private provision of public goods. Indeed, firms that use CSR will produce public goods at exactly the same level as predicted by the standard voluntary contribution equilibrium for public goods. We compare CSR with government provision and charitable provision, discussing when CSR by private for-profit firms could have a comparative advantage in dealing with public goods provision. Notes: Keywords: Firm; Firms; Public Goods; Social Responsibility; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200712 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2007.07.006 http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Author Address: London School of Economics Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 795 Author: Besley, T.; Ghatak, M. Year: 2008 Title: L'offre de services publics par les acteurs non gouvernementaux. (Provision of Public Services by Non-state Actors. With English summary.) Journal: Revue d'Economie du Developpement Issue: 4 Pages: 89-108 Short Title: L'offre de services publics par les acteurs non gouvernementaux. (Provision of Public Services by Non-state Actors. With English summary.) ISSN: 12454060 Accession Number: 1027050 Keywords: Public Goods H410 General Welfare I310 Welfare and Poverty: Government Programs Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs I380 Nonprofit Institutions NGOs L310 Abstract: Effective provision of public goods is one of the key determinants of quality of life and also an important plank of poverty reduction strategy. Improving public service delivery is therefore one of the biggest challenges. In this paper, we discuss some ideas from the emerging literature on public organizations and political economy that breaks out of the standard market-government dichotomy with a special focus on the role of non-state actors, such as non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Notes: Keywords: Public Goods; Quality; Quality of Life; Language: French; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200904 Author Address: London School of Economics and Political Science Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1147 Author: Besley, T.; Ghatak, M. Year: 2008 Title: Status Incentives Journal: American Economic Review Volume: 98 Issue: 2 Pages: 206-211 Short Title: Status Incentives ISSN: 00028282 DOI: http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ Accession Number: 0966415 Alternate Accession Number: EP32543712 Keywords: Organizational Behavior Transaction Costs Property Rights D230 Personnel Economics: Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects M520 Personnel Economics: Labor Management M540 Notes: Keywords: Incentives; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200805; Copyright: Copyright of American Economic Review is the property of American Economic Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.2.206 http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ Author Address: London School of Economics Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 69 Author: Besley, T.; Gouveia, M. Year: 1994 Title: Alternative Systems of Health Care Provision Journal: Economic Policy: A European Forum Volume: 9 Issue: 19 Pages: 199-249 Short Title: Alternative Systems of Health Care Provision ISSN: 02664658 Accession Number: 0348963 Alternate Accession Number: EP14810739 Keywords: Analysis of Health Care Markets I110 Health: Government Policy Regulation Public Health I180 Asymmetric and Private Information D820 Notes: Keywords: Health Care; Health; Geographic Descriptors: OECD; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199505; Copyright: Copyright of Economic Policy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. Author Address: Princeton U U PA Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 938 Author: Besley, T.; Hall, J.; Preston, I. Year: 1998 Title: Private and Public Health Insurance in the UK Journal: European Economic Review Volume: 42 Issue: 3-5 Pages: 491-497 Short Title: Private and Public Health Insurance in the UK ISSN: 00142921 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505541/description#description Accession Number: 0473009 Keywords: Health: General I100 National Government Expenditures and Health H510 Notes: Keywords: Health Insurance; Health; Public Health; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199810 URL: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505541/description#description Author Address: London School of Econ and Institute for Fiscal Studies Institute for Fiscal Studies U College London and Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1251 Author: Besley, T.; Hall, J.; Preston, I. Year: 1999 Title: The Demand for Private Health Insurance: Do Waiting Lists Matter? Journal: Journal of Public Economics Volume: 72 Issue: 2 Pages: 155-181 Short Title: The Demand for Private Health Insurance: Do Waiting Lists Matter? ISSN: 00472727 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Accession Number: 0494835 Keywords: Analysis of Health Care Markets I110 Insurance Insurance Companies G220 National Government Expenditures and Health H510 Abstract: In spite of government dominance in financing health care in many countries, the private health care sector remains important. This is true even though most public provision is heavily subsidized, and in many cases free, at source. Britain's National Health Service (NHS) fails to drive out the private sector because it suffers from certain inflexibilities. Here, the authors show that longer waiting lists for NHS treatment are associated with greater purchases of private health insurance. Notes: Keywords: Health Care; Health Insurance; Health; Insurance; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199908 URL: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Author Address: London School of Econ and Institute for Fiscal Studies, London Institute for Fiscal Studies, London Institute for Fiscal Studies, London and U College London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Record Number: 695 Author: Besley, T.; Jayaraman, R. e. Year: 2010 Title: Institutional Microeconomics of Development Publisher: CESifo Seminar Series. Cambridge and London: MIT Press Number of Pages: x Short Title: Institutional Microeconomics of Development Keywords: Institutions: Design, Formation, and Operations D020 Economic Development: General O100 Abstract: Eight papers explore the role of institutions in economic development from a microeconomic perspective. Papers discuss institutional economics of development--some general reflections; spontaneous markets, networks, and social capital--lessons from Africa; financial markets and conflict in the developing world; liberalization meeting investment climate; local democracy and ethnic diversity--a review, a new framework, and some evidence from Indonesian villages; whether local accountability improves health services; extended family networks in rural Mexico--a descriptive analysis; and land rights revisited. Besley is Kuwait Professor of Economics and Political Science and Director of the Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines at the London School of Economics. Jayaraman is Assistant Professor at the European School of Management and Technology. Name and subject indexes. Notes: Accession Number: 1141845; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-0-262-01406-9; Keywords: Development; Institution; Microeconomics; Publication Type: Book; Update Code: 201012 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 270 Author: Besley, T.; Jewitt, I. Year: 1991 Title: Decentralizing Public Good Supply Journal: Econometrica Volume: 59 Issue: 6 Pages: 1769-1778 Short Title: Decentralizing Public Good Supply ISSN: 00129682 DOI: http://www.econometricsociety.org Accession Number: 0262890 Keywords: Public Goods H410 Notes: Keywords: Public Goods; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199206 URL: http://www.econometricsociety.org Author Address: Princeton U U Bristol Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1388 Author: Besley, T.; Kanbur, R. Year: 2001 Title: The Principles of Targeting Editor: N. Barr Book Title: Economic theory and the welfare state. Volume 2. Income transfers Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 132. Cheltenham, U.K. and Northampton, Mass.: Elgar; distributed by American International Distribution Corporation, Williston, Vt. Pages: 310-334 Short Title: The Principles of Targeting Reprint Edition: [1993] Keywords: Measurement and Analysis of Poverty I320 Welfare and Poverty: Government Programs Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs I380 Notes: Accession Number: 0729933; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85898-705-9; ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200405 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1387 Author: Besley, T.; Kanbur, S. M. R. Year: 1991 Title: The Principles of Targeting Editor: V. N. Balasubramanyam and S. Lall Book Title: Current issues in development economics Publisher: Current Issues in Economics series, vol. 6 New York: St. Martin's Press Pages: 69-90 Short Title: The Principles of Targeting Keywords: Measurement and Analysis of Poverty I320 Welfare and Poverty: Government Programs Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs I380 Notes: Accession Number: 0338804; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-312-06500-0; ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199412 Author Address: Princeton U U Warwick and World Bank Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 586 Author: Besley, T.; Kudamatsu, M. Year: 2006 Title: Health and Democracy Journal: American Economic Review Volume: 96 Issue: 2 Pages: 313-313 Short Title: Health and Democracy ISSN: 00028282 Accession Number: 0847613 Alternate Accession Number: EP20837952 Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Health: General I100 Economic Development: Human Resources Human Development Income Distribution Migration O150 Formal and Informal Sectors Shadow Economy Institutional Arrangements O170 Notes: Availability Note: http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ Keywords: Democracy; Health; Geographic Descriptors: Selected Countries; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200606; Copyright: Copyright of American Economic Review is the property of American Economic Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/000282806777212053 Author Address: London School of Economics Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 800 Author: Besley, T.; Kudamatsu, M. Year: 2007 Title of Work: Making Autocracy Work Institution: Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, LSE, STICERD - Development Economics Papers Short Title: Making Autocracy Work DOI: http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/de/dedps48.pdf Keywords: Capitalist Systems: Political Economy P160 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Political Economy Property Rights P260 Abstract: One of the key goals of political economy is to understand how institutional arrangementsshape policy outcomes. This paper studies a comparatively neglected aspect of this - theforces that shape heterogeneous performance of autocracies. The paper develops a simpletheoretical model of accountability in the absence of regularized elections. Leadershipturnover is managed by a selectorate - a group of individuals on whom the leader depends tohold onto power. Good policy is institutionalized when the selectorate removes poorlyperforming leaders from office. This requires that the selectorate's hold on power is not toodependent on a specific leader being in office. The paper looks empirically at spells ofautocracy to establish cases where it has been successful according to various objectivecriteria. We use these case studies to identify the selectorate in specific instances of successfulautocracy. We also show that, consistent with the theory, leadership turnover in successfulautocracies is higher than in unsuccessful autocracies. Finally, we show by exploitingleadership deaths from natural causes that successful autocracies appear to have found waysfor selectorates to nominate successors without losing power - a feature which is alsoconsistent with the theoretical approach. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0920794; Keywords: Keywords: dictatorship, democracy; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200707 URL: http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/de/dedps48.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1409 Author: Besley, T.; Levenson, A. R. Year: 1996 Title: The Role of Informal Finance in Household Capital Accumulation: Evidence from Taiwan Journal: Economic Journal Volume: 106 Issue: 434 Pages: 39-59 Short Title: The Role of Informal Finance in Household Capital Accumulation: Evidence from Taiwan ISSN: 00130133 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Accession Number: 0381978 Alternate Accession Number: EP9602144843 Keywords: Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis D120 Economic Development: Financial Markets Saving and Capital Investment Corporate Finance and Governance O160 Abstract: Economies that experience rapid growth also experience major changes in their consumption patterns, particularly for consumer durables. This paper studies the diffusion of durables in Taiwan between 1977 and 1991. The authors focus on the link between household accumulation of durables and participation in informal financial institutions. While growth in per capita income in Taiwan has been great, many households still rely on traditional forms of finance. The authors test the idea that rotating savings and credit associations, which are found worldwide, exist to lower the cost of saving for durables. Their analysis finds evidence of that link. Notes: Keywords: Consumer; Finance; Households; Saving; Geographic Descriptors: Taiwan; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199606; Copyright: Copyright of Economic Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Author Address: London School of Econ Milken Institute for Job & Capital Formation, Santa Monica Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1198 Author: Besley, T.; McLaren, J. Year: 1993 Title: Taxes and Bribery: The Role of Wage Incentives Journal: Economic Journal Volume: 103 Issue: 416 Pages: 119-141 Short Title: Taxes and Bribery: The Role of Wage Incentives ISSN: 00130133 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Accession Number: 0289336 Alternate Accession Number: EP10652267 Keywords: Tax Evasion H260 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Abstract: This paper presents a simple model to evaluate alternative payment schemes for tax inspectors in the presence of corruption. The authors consider problems of both moral hazard, whic h arises because taking bribes cannot be observed without costly monitoring, and adverse selection, since not all potential tax inspectors can be identified as being honest or dishonest. The autho rs identify three wage regimes. First, one could pay the same wage that a tax inspector could earn elsewhere--his reservation wage. Second, one could pay a wage which solves the moral hazard problem, i.e. deters bribery. This they call an efficiency wage, by analogy with recent models examined in macroeconomics. Third, the government could pay a wage below the reservation wage, at which onl y the dishonest become tax inspectors--the capitulation wage. The authors make precise the conditions under which each yields the greatest amount of tax revenues, net of administrative costs. Notes: Keywords: Pay; Tax; Taxes; Wage; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199309; Copyright: Copyright of Economic Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Author Address: Princeton U Columbia U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1199 Author: Besley, T.; McLaren, J. Year: 1999 Title: Taxes and Bribery: The Role of Wage Incentives Editor: G. Fiorentini and S. Zamagni Book Title: The economics of corruption and illegal markets. Volume 2. The economics of illegal activities Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 111. Cheltenham, U.K. and Northampton, Mass.: Elgar; distributed by American International Distribution Corporation, Williston, Vt. Pages: 452-474 Short Title: Taxes and Bribery: The Role of Wage Incentives Reprint Edition: [1993] Keywords: Tax Evasion H260 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Notes: Accession Number: 0592802; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85898-930-2; Keywords: Taxes; Wage; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200202 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 693 Author: Besley, T.; Meads, N.; Surico, P. Year: 2008 Title: Insiders versus Outsiders in Monetary Policymaking Journal: American Economic Review Volume: 98 Issue: 2 Pages: 218-223 Short Title: Insiders versus Outsiders in Monetary Policymaking ISSN: 00028282 DOI: http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ Accession Number: 0966417 Alternate Accession Number: EP32543760 Keywords: Monetary Policy E520 Central Banks and Their Policies E580 Notes: Keywords: Monetary; Policy Making; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200805; Copyright: Copyright of American Economic Review is the property of American Economic Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.2.218 http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ Author Address: Bank of England and London School of Economics and Political Science Bank of England Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 999 Author: Besley, T.; Pande, R. Year: 1998 Title of Work: Read My Lips: The Political Economy of Information Transmission Institution: Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, LSE, STICERD - Theoretical Economics Paper Series Short Title: Read My Lips: The Political Economy of Information Transmission DOI: http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/te/te355.pdf Abstract: The paper studies credible information transmission by governments. A group of heterogenous individuals have to make private investment and labour supply decisions while relying on the government for information about investment returns. The government consists of an elected citizen who chooses a redistributive strategy in addition to providing information. We give conditions under which the outcome leads to over-or under-investment in high-return activities and the outcome is Pareto efficient. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0687425; Keywords: Political economy, cheap talk, redistribution, development; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/te/te355.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1000 Author: Besley, T.; Pande, R. Year: 2000 Title of Work: Read my lips: the political economy of information transmission Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers Short Title: Read my lips: the political economy of information transmission Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709547; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1382 Author: Besley, T.; Pande, R.; Rahman, L.; Rao, V. Year: 2004 Title: The Politics of Public Good Provision: Evidence from Indian Local Governments Journal: Journal of the European Economic Association Volume: 2 Issue: 2-3 Pages: 416-426 Short Title: The Politics of Public Good Provision: Evidence from Indian Local Governments ISSN: 15424766 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/jeea Accession Number: 0783893 Alternate Accession Number: EP13150214 Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government H110 Public Goods H410 State and Local Budget and Expenditures H720 Formal and Informal Sectors Shadow Economy Institutional Arrangements O170 Abstract: This paper uses village and household survey data from South India to examine how political geography and politician identity impacts on public good provision. We provide evidence that the nature of this relationship varies by type of public good. For high spillover public goods residential proximity to elected representative matters. In contrast, for low spillover public goods sharing the politician's group identity is what matters. Notes: Keywords: Government; Political; Politician; Politic; Public Goods; Representatives; Geographic Descriptors: India; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200507; Copyright: Copyright of Journal of the European Economic Association is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/jeea Author Address: London School of Econ Yale U World Bank Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 887 Author: Besley, T.; Pande, R.; Rao, V. Year: 2005 Title: Participatory Democracy in Action: Survey Evidence from South India Journal: Journal of the European Economic Association Volume: 3 Issue: 2-3 Pages: 648-657 Short Title: Participatory Democracy in Action: Survey Evidence from South India ISSN: 15424766 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/jeea Accession Number: 0798285 Alternate Accession Number: EP17644679 Keywords: Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government H110 Publicly Provided Private Goods H420 Formal and Informal Sectors Shadow Economy Institutional Arrangements O170 Abstract: We use household and village survey data from South India to examine who participates in village meetings called by elected local governments, and what effect these meetings have on beneficiary selection for welfare programs. Our main finding is that it is the more disadvantaged social groups who attend village meetings and that holding such meetings improves the targeting of resources towards the neediest groups. Notes: Keywords: Democracy; Government; Geographic Descriptors: India; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200510; Copyright: Copyright of Journal of the European Economic Association is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/jeea Author Address: London School of Econ Yale U World Bank Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 918 Author: Besley, T.; Pande, R.; Rao, V. Year: 2005 Title of Work: Political Selection and the Qualilty of Government: Evidence from South India Institution: Economic Growth Center, Yale University, Working Papers Pages: 42 pages Short Title: Political Selection and the Qualilty of Government: Evidence from South India DOI: http://www.econ.yale.edu/growth_pdf/cdp921.pdf Keywords: Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O120 Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government H110 Publicly Provided Private Goods H420 Development Planning and Policy: General O200 Abstract: This paper uses household data from India to examine the economic and social status of village politicians, and how individual and village characteristics affect politician behavior while in office. Education increases the chances of selection to public office and reduces the odds that a politician uses political power opportunistically. In contrast, land ownership and political connections enable selection but do not affect politician opportunism. At the village level, changes in the identity of the politically dominant group alters the group allocation of resources but not politician opportunism. Improved information flows in the village, however, reduce opportunism and improve resource allocation. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0837578; Keywords: Development, Political Economy, Public Provision of Private Goods, Decentralization; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200605 URL: http://www.econ.yale.edu/growth_pdf/cdp921.pdf Author Address: London School of Economics Economic Growth Center, Yale University World Bank Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 919 Author: Besley, T.; Pande, R.; Rao, V. Year: 2005 Title of Work: Political Selection and the Qualilty of Government: Evidence from South India Institution: Economic Growth Center, Yale University, Working Papers Pages: 42 pages Short Title: Political Selection and the Qualilty of Government: Evidence from South India DOI: http://www.econ.yale.edu/growth_pdf/cdp921.pdf Keywords: Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O120 Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government H110 Publicly Provided Private Goods H420 Development Planning and Policy: General O200 Abstract: This paper uses household data from India to examine the economic and social status of village politicians, and how individual and village characteristics affect politician behavior while in office. Education increases the chances of selection to public office and reduces the odds that a politician uses political power opportunistically. In contrast, land ownership and political connections enable selection but do not affect politician opportunism. At the village level, changes in the identity of the politically dominant group alters the group allocation of resources but not politician opportunism. Improved information flows in the village, however, reduce opportunism and improve resource allocation. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0837615; Keywords: Development, Political Economy, Public Provision of Private Goods, Decentralization; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200605 URL: http://www.econ.yale.edu/growth_pdf/cdp921.pdf Author Address: London School of Economics Economic Growth Center, Yale University World Bank Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 920 Author: Besley, T.; Pande, R.; Rao, V. Year: 2005 Title of Work: Political Selection and the Quality of Government: Evidence from South India Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 5201 Short Title: Political Selection and the Quality of Government: Evidence from South India DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP5201.asp Keywords: Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government H110 Publicly Provided Private Goods H420 Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O120 Development Planning and Policy: General O200 Abstract: This paper uses household data from India to examine the economic and social status of village politicians, and how individual and village characteristics affect politician behaviour while in office. Education increases the chances of selection to public office and reduces the odds that a politician uses political power opportunistically. In contrast, land ownership and political connections enable selection but do not affect politician opportunism. At the village level, changes in the identity of the politically dominant group alter the group allocation of resources but not politician opportunism. Improved information flows in the village, however, reduce opportunism and improve resource allocation. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0794985; Keywords: decentralization; India; political economy; public provision of private goods; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200510 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP5201.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 921 Author: Besley, T.; Pande, R.; Rao, V. Year: 2005 Title of Work: Political Selection and the Quality ofGovernment: Evidence from South India Institution: Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, LSE, STICERD - Development Economics Papers Short Title: Political Selection and the Quality ofGovernment: Evidence from South India DOI: http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/de/DEDPS44.pdf Abstract: This paper uses household data from India to examine the economic and socialstatus of village politicians, and how individual and village characteristics affect politician behavior while in office. Education increases the chances of selectionto public office and reduces the odds that a politician uses political poweropportunistically. In contrast, land ownership and political connections enableselection but do not affect politician opportunism. At the village level, changesin the identity of the politically dominant group alters the group allocation ofresources but not politician opportunism. Improved information ows in thevillage, however, reduce opportunism and improve resource allocation. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0820309; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200603 URL: http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/de/DEDPS44.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 753 Author: Besley, T.; Pande, R.; Rao, V. Year: 2007 Title of Work: Just Rewards?Local Politics and Public ResourceAllocation in South India Institution: Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, LSE, STICERD--Development Economics Papers Short Title: Just Rewards?Local Politics and Public ResourceAllocation in South India DOI: http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/de/dedps49.pdf Keywords: State and Local Government: Other Expenditure Categories H760 Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government H110 Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O120 Abstract: This paper uses data on elected village councils in South India to examine the political economy of public resource allocation. We find that the pattern of policy-making reflects politicians' self-interest. Elected councillors benefit from improved personal access to public resources. In addition, the head councillor's group identity and residence influences public resource allocation. While electoral incentives do not eliminate politician opportunism, voters appear able to use their electoral clout to gain greater access to public resources. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0959034; Keywords: decentralization, India, Panchayat.; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200803 URL: http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/de/dedps49.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 751 Author: Besley, T.; Payne, A. Year: 2003 Title of Work: Judicial accountability and economic policy outcomes: evidence from employment discrimination charges Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W03/11 Pages: 32 pages Short Title: Judicial accountability and economic policy outcomes: evidence from employment discrimination charges DOI: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp0311.pdf Abstract: How and whether judges should be held accountable is a key issue in the design of a legal system. Thirty-seven of the forty-eight continental states use some method of judicial selection which involves a direct role for citizens in selecting or re-appointing the judiciary. We identify two theoretical reasons why the method used for choosing judges is important - (i) a selection effect if the competence or underlying preferences of judges is affected, (ii) an incentive effect if the judges who are chosen behave differently because of the method used for their reappointment. This paper uses data from the U.S. to investigate whether judicial selection methods affect the number of employment discrimination charges filed for the period 1973-2000. Our results show that states that appoint their judges have lower levels of discrimination charges compared to those that use some form of election. The results appear to be driven by states where judges being subject to re-election incentives rather than because judges with different preferences/competences are being chosen. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709439; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp0311.pdf Author Address: London School of Economics and Institute for Fiscal Studies McMaster University Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 638 Author: Besley, T.; Payne, A. A. Year: 2005 Title of Work: Implementation of Anti-Discrimination Policy: Does Judicial Selection Matter? Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 5211 Short Title: Implementation of Anti-Discrimination Policy: Does Judicial Selection Matter? DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP5211.asp Keywords: Labor Discrimination: General J700 Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior: General K400 Abstract: One of the most striking changes in labour market policy of the past 50 years has come in the form of legislation to limit discrimination in the workplace based on race, gender, disability and age. If such measures are to be effective in ending discrimination, they need to be enforced. The latter is dependent on state and federal agencies such as the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission and ultimately the willingness of courts to find in favour of plaintiffs. Courts also play an important role in the evolution of anti-discrimination policy since past decisions create future precedent. This paper asks whether the number of charges filed with government agencies depends on the method by which judges are selected. Popularly elected judges should be expected to have more pro-employee preferences (selection) and should move closer to employee preferences (incentives). This should result in fewer anti-discrimination charges being filed in states that appoint their judges. In line with this prediction, this paper uses data on the number of employment discrimination charges filed for the period 1973-2000 and finds that states that appoint their judges have fewer anti-discrimination charges being filed. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0794998; Keywords: discrimination; judicial system; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200510 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP5211.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1373 Author: Besley, T.; Persson, T. Year: 2007 Title of Work: The Origins of State Capacity: Property Rights, Taxation, and Politics Institution: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, NBER Working Papers: 13028 Short Title: The Origins of State Capacity: Property Rights, Taxation, and Politics DOI: http://www.nber.org/papers/w13028.pdf Keywords: Analysis of Collective Decision-Making: General D700 Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: General E600 Structure and Scope of Government: General H100 Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior: General K400 Economic Development: General O100 Abstract: Economists generally assume the existence of sufficient institutions to sustain a market economy and tax the citizens. However, this starting point cannot easily be taken for granted in many states, neither in history nor in the developing world of today. This paper develops a framework where "policy choices", regulation of markets and tax rates, are constrained by "economic institutions", which in turn reflect past investments in legal and fiscal state capacity. We study the economic and political determinants of these investments. The analysis shows that common interest public goods, such as fighting external wars, as well as political stability and inclusive political institutions, are conducive to building state capacity. Preliminary empirical evidence based on cross-country data find a number of correlations consistent with the theory. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0911058; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200706 URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w13028.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1027 Author: Besley, T.; Persson, T. Year: 2009 Title: Repression or Civil War? Journal: American Economic Review Volume: 99 Issue: 2 Pages: 292-297 Short Title: Repression or Civil War? ISSN: 00028282 DOI: http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ Accession Number: 1036458 Alternate Accession Number: EP39782089 Keywords: Conflict Conflict Resolution Alliances D740 Formal and Informal Sectors Shadow Economy Institutional Arrangements O170 Notes: Keywords: War; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200905; Copyright: Copyright of American Economic Review is the property of American Economic Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.2.292 http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ Author Address: London School of Economics and CIFAR-Canada Institute for International Economic Studies, Stockholm U and CIFAR-Canada Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1372 Author: Besley, T.; Persson, T. Year: 2009 Title: The Origins of State Capacity: Property Rights, Taxation, and Politics Journal: American Economic Review Volume: 99 Issue: 4 Pages: 1218-1244 Short Title: The Origins of State Capacity: Property Rights, Taxation, and Politics ISSN: 00028282 DOI: http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ Accession Number: 1051408 Alternate Accession Number: EP44390219 Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Fiscal Policy E620 Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government H110 Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General H200 Capitalist Systems: Property Rights P140 Abstract: Economists generally assume that the state has sufficient institutional capacity to support markets and levy taxes. This paper develops a framework where "policy choices" in market regulation and taxation are constrained by past investments in legal and fiscal capacity. It studies the economic and political determinants of such investments, demonstrating that legal and fiscal capacity are typically complements. The results show that, among other things, common interest public goods, such as fighting external wars, as well as political stability and inclusive political institutions, are conducive to building state capacity. Some correlations in cross-country data are consistent with the theory. Notes: Geographic Descriptors: Selected Countries; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200908; Copyright: Copyright of American Economic Review is the property of American Economic Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.4.1218 http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ Author Address: London School of Economics and CIFAR Institute for International Economic Studies, Stockholm U and CIFAR Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1142 Author: Besley, T.; Persson, T. Year: 2010 Title: State Capacity, Conflict, and Development Journal: Econometrica Volume: 78 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-34 Short Title: State Capacity, Conflict, and Development ISSN: 00129682 DOI: http://www.econometricsociety.org Accession Number: 1106432 Keywords: Conflict Conflict Resolution Alliances D740 Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government H110 Formal and Informal Sectors Shadow Economy Institutional Arrangements O170 Abstract: The absence of state capacities to raise revenue and to support markets is a key factor in explaining the persistence of weak states. This paper reports on an ongoing project to investigate the incentive to invest in such capacities. The paper sets out a simple analytical structure in which state capacities are modeled as forward looking investments by government. The approach highlights some determinants of state building including the risk of external or internal conflict, the degree of political instability, and dependence on natural resources. Throughout, we link these state capacity investments to patterns of development and growth. Notes: Keywords: Conflict; Development; Government; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201006 URL: http://www.econometricsociety.org Author Address: London School of Economics Institute for International Economic Studies, Stockholm U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 542 Author: Besley, T.; Persson, T. Year: 2011 Title: Fragile States and Development Policy Journal: Journal of the European Economic Association Volume: 9 Issue: 3 Pages: 371-398 Short Title: Fragile States and Development Policy ISSN: 15424766 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/jeea Accession Number: 1240264 Keywords: Foreign Aid F350 Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government H110 Formal and Informal Sectors Shadow Economy Institutional Arrangements O170 Planning Models Planning Policy O210 Capitalist Systems: Political Economy P160 Abstract: It is widely recognized that fragile states are key symptoms of under-development in many parts of the world. Such states are incapable of delivering basic services to their citizens and political violence is commonplace. As of yet, mainstream development economics has not dealt in any systematic way with such concerns and the implications for development assistance. This paper puts forward a framework for analyzing fragile states and applies it to a variety development policies in different types of states. Notes: Keywords: Assistance; Development; Geographic Descriptors: Global; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201106 URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/jeea Author Address: London School of Economics and CIFAR IIES, Stockholm U and CIFAR Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 909 Author: Besley, T.; Persson, T.; Sturm, D. Year: 2005 Title of Work: Political Competition and Economic Performance: Theory and Evidence from the United States Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 5138 Short Title: Political Competition and Economic Performance: Theory and Evidence from the United States DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP5138.asp Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government H110 State and Local Government Intergovernmental Relations: General H700 Economic History: Macroeconomics Growth and Fluctuations: U.S. Canada: 1913- N120 Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O110 Abstract: One of the most cherished propositions in economics is that market competition by and large raises consumer welfare. But whether political competition has similarly virtuous consequences is far less discussed. This paper formulates a model to explain why political competition may enhance economic performance and uses the United States as a testing ground for the model's implications. It finds statistically robust evidence that political competition has quantitatively important effects on state income growth, state policies, and the quality of Governors. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0787713; Keywords: economic growth; political competition; US south; voting restrictions; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200508 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP5138.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 910 Author: Besley, T.; Persson, T.; Sturm, D. Year: 2005 Title of Work: Political Competition and Economic Performance: Theory and Evidence from the United States Institution: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, NBER Working Papers: 11484 Short Title: Political Competition and Economic Performance: Theory and Evidence from the United States DOI: http://www.nber.org/papers/w11484.pdf Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government H110 State and Local Government Intergovernmental Relations: General H700 Economic History: Macroeconomics Growth and Fluctuations: U.S. Canada: 1913- N120 Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O110 Abstract: One of the most cherished propositions in economics is that market competition by and large raises consumer welfare. But whether political competition has similarly virtuous consequences is far less discussed. This paper formulates a model to explain why political competition may enhance economic performance and uses the United States as a testing ground for the model's implications. It finds statistically robust evidence that political competition has quantitatively important effects on state income growth, state policies, and the quality of Governors. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0788258; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200508 URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w11484.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 911 Author: Besley, T.; Persson, T.; Sturm, D. M. Year: 2010 Title of Work: Political Competition, Policy and Growth: Theory and Evidence from the United States Institution: Centre for Economic Performance, LSE, CEP Discussion Papers Short Title: Political Competition, Policy and Growth: Theory and Evidence from the United States DOI: http://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/dp1009.pdf Keywords: Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government H110 State and Local Government Intergovernmental Relations: General H700 Economic History: Macroeconomics Growth and Fluctuations: U.S. Canada: 1913- N120 Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O110 Abstract: This paper develops a simple model to analyze how a lack of political competition may lead to policies that hinder economic growth. We test the predictions of the model on panel data for the US states. In these data, we find robust evidence that lack of political competition in a state is associated with anti-growth policies: higher taxes, lower capital spending and a reduced likelihood of using right-to-work laws. We also document a strong link between low political competition and low income growth. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1139078; Keywords: political competition, competition, government, US, economic development; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 201012 URL: http://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/dp1009.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 912 Author: Besley, T.; Persson, T.; Sturm, D. M. Year: 2010 Title: Political Competition, Policy and Growth: Theory and Evidence from the US Journal: Review of Economic Studies Volume: 77 Issue: 4 Pages: 1329-1352 Short Title: Political Competition, Policy and Growth: Theory and Evidence from the US ISSN: 00346527 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0034-6527 Accession Number: 1134208 Alternate Accession Number: EP52904216 Keywords: Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Fiscal Policy E620 State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue H710 Abstract: This paper develops a simple model to analyse how a lack of political competition may lead to policies that hinder economic growth. We test the predictions of the model on panel data for the US states. In these data, we find robust evidence that lack of political competition in a state is associated with anti-growth policies: higher taxes, lower capital spending, and a reduced likelihood of using right-to-work laws. We also document a strong link between low political competition and low income growth. Notes: Keywords: Policy; Political; Rights; Taxes; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201010; Copyright: © 2010 Review of Economic Studies Ltd URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0034-6527 Author Address: London School of Economics and CIFAR IIES, Stockholm U and CIFAR London School of Economics Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 581 Author: Besley, T.; Prat, A. Year: 2002 Title of Work: Handcuffs for the Grabbing Hand? Media Capture and Government Accountability Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 3132 Short Title: Handcuffs for the Grabbing Hand? Media Capture and Government Accountability DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3132.asp Keywords: Analysis of Collective Decision-Making: General D700 Structure and Scope of Government: General H100 Abstract: It is widely recognized that active media can play a role in enhancing political competition by informing voters. Collusion between government and media can, however, undermine this role. We extend the political accountability model to include the presence of media outlets and the possibility that the incumbent exerts influence over them. In equilibrium, the media structure is linked to political outcomes in two ways: directly through its monitoring capacity and indirectly through political capture. We examine evidence both across countries and within India. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0694392; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3132.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 892 Author: Besley, T.; Prat, A. Year: 2003 Title of Work: Pension fund governance and the choice between defined benefit and defined contribution plans Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W03/09 Pages: 31 pages Short Title: Pension fund governance and the choice between defined benefit and defined contribution plans DOI: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp0309.pdf Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709441; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp0309.pdf Author Address: London School of Economics and Institute for Fiscal Studies London School of Economics Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 893 Author: Besley, T.; Prat, A. Year: 2003 Title of Work: Pension Fund Governance and the Choice Between Defined Benefit and Defined Contribution Plans Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 3955 Short Title: Pension Fund Governance and the Choice Between Defined Benefit and Defined Contribution Plans DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3955.asp Keywords: Pension Funds Other Private Financial Institutions Institutional Investors G230 Abstract: Recent events in several countries have underscored the importance of good governance in private occupational pension plans. The present Paper uses contract theory to analyse the interplay of residual claims and control rights in private pensions. The residual claimant is the plan sponsor in a defined benefit (DB) plan and the pool of beneficiaries in a defined contribution (DC) plan. The main control rights we examine relate to decisions on funding, asset allocation, and asset management. Under complete contracting, governance can be shown to be neutral: DC and DB plans differ only on risk allocation. If instead contracts are incomplete, a DB (DC) plan should: (1) Assign more vigilance responsibility to the sponsor (beneficiaries); (2) Rely less (more) on trustees; (3) Tend to employ trustees that are professional experts (caring insiders); (4) Assign asset allocation rights to the sponsor (beneficiaries); (5) have strict funding requirements. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0695213; Keywords: governance; pension fund; private pension; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3955.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 247 Author: Besley, T.; Prat, A. Year: 2005 Title: Credible Pensions Journal: Fiscal Studies Volume: 26 Issue: 1 Pages: 119-135 Short Title: Credible Pensions ISSN: 01435671 DOI: http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0143-5671 Accession Number: 0776544 Alternate Accession Number: EP16680008 Keywords: Social Security and Public Pensions H550 Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits Private Pensions J320 Abstract: One of the main problems in pension policy is to develop an institutional framework that guarantees that public and private pensions promises are kept. This paper discusses how the governance of public and private pensions is key to making such promises credible. It argues that credibility concerns undermine the case for earnings-related pensions run by the state and private defined benefit plans. Notes: Keywords: Pension; Policy; Geographic Descriptors: France; Germany; Italy; Spain; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200506; Copyright: Copyright of Fiscal Studies is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0143-5671 Author Address: London School of Econ and Institute for Fiscal Studies, U College London London School of Econ Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 582 Author: Besley, T.; Prat, A. Year: 2006 Title: Handcuffs for the Grabbing Hand? Media Capture and Government Accountability Journal: American Economic Review Volume: 96 Issue: 3 Pages: 720-720 Short Title: Handcuffs for the Grabbing Hand? Media Capture and Government Accountability ISSN: 00028282 Accession Number: 0857778 Alternate Accession Number: EP21794734 Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Entertainment Media L820 Abstract: It has long been recognized that the media play an essential role in government accountability. Even in the absence of censorship, however, the government may influence news content by maintaining a "cozy" relationship with the media. This paper develops a model of democratic politics in which media capture is endogenous. The model offers insights into the features of the media market that determine the ability of the government to exercise such capture and hence to influence political outcomes. Notes: Availability Note: http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ Keywords: Government; Media; News; Politic; Geographic Descriptors: Selected Countries; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200608; Copyright: Copyright of American Economic Review is the property of American Economic Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.96.3.720 Author Address: London School of Economics Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 406 Author: Besley, T.; Preston, I. Year: 2007 Title: Electoral Bias and Policy Choice: Theory and Evidence Journal: Quarterly Journal of Economics Volume: 122 Issue: 4 Pages: 1473-1510 Short Title: Electoral Bias and Policy Choice: Theory and Evidence ISSN: 00335533 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/qjec Accession Number: 0954102 Alternate Accession Number: EP27615728 Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: General E600 Abstract: This paper develops an approach to studying how bias in favor of one party due to the pattern of electoral districting affects policy choice. We tie a commonly used measure of electoral bias to the theory of party competition and show how this affects party strategy in theory. The usefulness of the approach is illustrated using data on local government in England. The results suggest that reducing electoral bias leads parties to moderate their policies. Notes: Keywords: Government; Policy; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200802; Copyright: © 2007 President & Fellows of Harvard University URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/qjec Author Address: London School of Economics and CIAR U College London and IFS Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 507 Author: Besley, T.; Preston, I.; Ridge, M. Year: 1993 Title of Work: Fiscal Anarchy in the U.K.: Modelling Poll Tax Noncompliance Institution: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, NBER Working Papers: 4498 Short Title: Fiscal Anarchy in the U.K.: Modelling Poll Tax Noncompliance DOI: http://www.nber.org/papers/w4498.pdf Keywords: Tax Evasion H260 State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue H710 Abstract: The U.K.'s experience with the poll tax reminds us that even in an economy with a relatively well developed detection and legal system, one cannot take tax compliance for granted. The experience of the poll tax provides a unique opportunity to study many dimensions of tax compliance. We model nonpayment rates in a short panel of data on the 366 English local authorities. The transparent observability of individual and aggregate liabilities makes reliable measurement of rates of nonpayment possible. Moreover, these rates rose to unprecedented levels as well as exhibiting considerable variation across authorities. This, together with the variation in local taxes both between districts and over time, creates an ideal opportunity for empirical investigation. Our empirical specification allows us to investigate the determinants of compliance as a function of authority characteristics from census and other geographical data. Moreover, the analysis takes seriously the possibility of neighbourhood influences across authority boundaries. Our empirical results confirm the idea that higher taxes lead to larger compliance problems and that attempts to enforce compliance have a positive effect. Neighbourhood effects on non-compliance were less conspicuous, figuring significantly, if at all, only in the final year. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0719404; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w4498.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 509 Author: Besley, T.; Preston, I.; Ridge, M. Year: 1997 Title: Fiscal Anarchy in the UK: Modelling Poll Tax Noncompliance Journal: Journal of Public Economics Volume: 64 Issue: 2 Pages: 137-152 Short Title: Fiscal Anarchy in the UK: Modelling Poll Tax Noncompliance ISSN: 00472727 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Accession Number: 0423912 Keywords: Tax Evasion H260 Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies includes inheritance and gift taxes H240 Abstract: The UK's experience with the poll tax reminds us that even in an economy with a relatively well developed detection and legal system, one cannot take tax compliance for granted. The experience of the poll tax provides a unique opportunity to study many dimensions of tax compliance. We model nonpayment rates in a short panel of data on the English local authorities. The transparent observability of liabilities makes reliable measurement of rates of nonpayment possible. Moreover, these rates rose to unprecedented levels as well as exhibiting considerable variation across authorities. This, together with the variation in local taxes both between districts and over time, creates an ideal opportunity for empirical investigation. Our empirical specification allows us to investigate the determinants of compliance as a function of authority characteristics using socioeconomic and other geographical data. Moreover, the analysis takes seriously the possibility of neighbourhood influences across authority boundaries. Our empirical results confirm the idea that higher taxes lead to larger nonpayment problems and that attempts to enforce compliance can have a positive effect. Political variables are also found to be associated with nonpayment rates. Evidence of influence from neighbouring jurisdictions is also found. Notes: Keywords: Compliance; Tax Compliance; Tax; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199709 URL: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies, NBER and London School of Econ U College London and Institute for Fiscal Studies Institute for Fiscal Studies and Brunel U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 508 Author: Besley, T.; Preston, I.; Ridge, M. Year: 2000 Title of Work: Fiscal anarchy in the UK Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers Short Title: Fiscal anarchy in the UK Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709642; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 990 Author: Besley, T.; Robinson, J. A. Year: 2010 Title: Quis Custodiet Ipsos Custodes? Civilian Control over the Military Journal: Journal of the European Economic Association Volume: 8 Issue: 2-3 Pages: 655-663 Short Title: Quis Custodiet Ipsos Custodes? Civilian Control over the Military ISSN: 15424766 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/jeea Accession Number: 1108808 Alternate Accession Number: EP49118333 Keywords: Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government H110 National Security and War H560 Abstract: The question of who guards the guards is intimately connected with broader questions of state capacity and the establishment of a monopoly of violence in society, something which is often viewed as the defining feature of the modern state. But to establish such a monopoly, civilian rulers need not only to build an effective military, but also to control it. In this paper, we study how governments may solve this problem when they recognize that their decisions to build a strong army may have ramifications for subsequent coups. Notes: Keywords: Government; Military; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201006; Copyright: Copyright of Journal of the European Economic Association is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/jeea Author Address: London School of Economics Harvard U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 372 Author: Besley, T.; Rosenzweig, M. Year: 2006 Title: Editorial Journal: Journal of Development Economics Volume: 79 Issue: 2 Pages: v-v Short Title: Editorial ISSN: 03043878 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505546/description#description Accession Number: 0863580 Keywords: Introductory Material Y200 Notes: Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200609 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.01.010 http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505546/description#description Author Address: U London Harvard U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1276 Author: Besley, T.; Seabright, P. Year: 1999 Title: The Effects and Policy Implications of State Aids to Industry: An Economic Analysis Journal: Economic Policy: A European Forum Issue: 28 Pages: 13-42 Short Title: The Effects and Policy Implications of State Aids to Industry: An Economic Analysis ISSN: 02664658 Accession Number: 0494439 Alternate Accession Number: EP1863825 Keywords: Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Firm H320 Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics: Industrial Structure and Structural Change Industrial Price Indices L160 Abstract: The use of state aids to industry is a poorly understood part of competition policy. Currently, the EU Commission presumes that state aids distort competition, yet it approves 98% of applications, often for social or distributional reasons. We argue that proper regulation of state aids should focus on two issues, the externalities generated and the inefficiencies arising from failures in competition between governments. We thus develop a new framework for EU policy and compare its implications with the existing practice of the EU Commission. Notes: Geographic Descriptors: EU; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199908; Copyright: Copyright of Economic Policy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. Author Address: London School of Econ U Cambridge Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 333 Author: Besley, T.; Smart, M. Year: 2002 Title of Work: Does Tax Competition Raise Voter Welfare? Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 3131 Short Title: Does Tax Competition Raise Voter Welfare? DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3131.asp Keywords: Analysis of Collective Decision-Making: General D700 Structure and Scope of Government: General H100 Abstract: Economists who believe that government is essentially benevolent tend to regard inter-governmental competition as a source of negative externalities that lower welfare. In contrast the public choice perspective, particularly that motivated by the Leviathan model, sees such competition as potentially beneficial. This Paper considers a world consisting of politicians of both kinds - self-interested and welfare maximizing. Imperfect information prevents identification of the latter. We model the political equilibrium of the model and then examine the consequences of introducing competition for mobile resources or yardstick competition. In both cases there is a trade-off between effects on politician discipline and selection. Contrary to the existing view, we show that competition is most likely to be welfare improving for voters when it is more likely that politicians are benevolent and bad for welfare when it is most likely that politicians are of the rent seeking type. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0694391; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3131.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 518 Author: Besley, T.; Smart, M. Year: 2007 Title: Fiscal Restraints and Voter Welfare Journal: Journal of Public Economics Volume: 91 Issue: 3-4 Pages: 755-773 Short Title: Fiscal Restraints and Voter Welfare ISSN: 00472727 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Accession Number: 0903126 Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Asymmetric and Private Information D820 Fiscal Policy E620 Abstract: This paper explores the logic of fiscal restraints in a political agency model with both moral hazard and adverse selection. The role of the political process is both to discipline incumbents who may act against the public interest and to sort in those politicians who are most likely act in voters' interests. We use the model to examine the optimality of inefficient taxation, limits on the size of government, increasing transparency, and yardstick competition. Some conclusions are surprising. For example, we show that some forms of fiscal restraint can only be desirable when incumbents are sufficiently likely to be benevolent. Notes: Keywords: Adverse Selection; Agency; Government; Hazard; Moral Hazard; Political Process; Political; Politician; Voter; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200705 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2006.09.009 http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Author Address: London School of Economics U Toronto Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1193 Author: Besley, T.; Suzumura, K. Year: 1992 Title: Taxation and Welfare in an Oligopoly with Strategic Commitment Journal: International Economic Review Volume: 33 Issue: 2 Pages: 413-431 Short Title: Taxation and Welfare in an Oligopoly with Strategic Commitment ISSN: 00206598 DOI: http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/iere/ Accession Number: 0267059 Alternate Accession Number: EP9208310753 Keywords: Market Structure and Pricing: Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection D430 Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets L130 Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Management of Technological Innovation and R&D O320 Abstract: This paper establishes comparative statics results for an oligopoly model with strategic commitment. Firms compete in two stages. In the first stage, firms decide on strategic cost-reducing R&D investment, whereas they choose output in the second stage. Taking an excise tax/subsidy as a shift parameter in the second stage game, the short-run as well as long-run effects on output, cost-reducing R&D investment, and second-best welfare will be examined. The crucial role played by the strategic substitutability of outputs as well as cost-reducing R&D investments is clarified, and a variant of the Le Chatelier-Samuelson principle in the authors' game-theoretic model is obtained. Notes: Keywords: Excise Tax; Excise; Firm; Firms; Oligopoly; R&D; Subsidy; Tax; Taxation; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199209; Copyright: Copyright of International Economic Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/iere/ Author Address: Princeton U Hitotsubashi U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Record Number: 286 Author: Besley, T.; Zagha, R. e. Year: 2005 Title: Development Challenges in the 1990s: Leading Policymakers Speak from Experience Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; New York: Oxford University Press Number of Pages: xi Short Title: Development Challenges in the 1990s: Leading Policymakers Speak from Experience Keywords: Economic Development: General O100 International Linkages to Development Role of International Organizations O190 Development Planning and Policy: General O200 Abstract: Thirteen papers by prominent policymakers from the development community reflect on and apply critical analysis to their experiences during the 1990s--a decade dominated by the Washington consensus--and consider what they would have done differently if they had known then what they know now. Each paper is based on a lecture delivered to a World Bank audience in 2003 or 2004. Papers discuss the development lessons of the 1990s (Lawrence H. Summers); the Washington consensus as policy prescription for development (John Williamson); Russia's transition experience (Yegor Gaidar); Turkey's efforts at systemic change and structural reform (Kemal Dervis); lessons from a decade of social reforms in Brazil (Fernando Henrique Cardoso); lessons from Chile's development in the 1990s (Alejandro Foxley); managing Argentina's 2002 financial crisis (Mario I. Blejer); lessons from India's economic reforms (Montek S. Ahluwalia); China's recent reforms (Zhou Xiaochuan); postcommunist transition in comparative perspective (Leszek Balcerowicz); changing views and approaches to Africa's development (Kwesi Botchwey); reform in Jordan (Rima Khalaf Hunaidi); and options and outcomes of Chile's education reforms, 1990-2000 (Eduardo Aninat). Besley is at the London School of Economics and with its Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines. Zagha is in the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network at the World Bank. Index. Notes: Accession Number: 0802904; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8213-5872-3; Keywords: Development; Washington Consensus; World Bank; Publication Type: Book; Update Code: 200511 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 41 Author: Besley, T. J. Year: 1988 Title: A Simple Model for Merit Good Arguments Journal: Journal of Public Economics Volume: 35 Issue: 3 Pages: 371-383 Short Title: A Simple Model for Merit Good Arguments ISSN: 00472727 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Accession Number: 0218143 Keywords: Welfare Theory--Allocative Efficiency including Theory of Cost-Benefit 0242 Fiscal Theory and Policy--General 3210 Abstract: In this paper, the author examines a way of representing merit goods by allowing governments to apply a specific form of correction to consumers' preferences. The model builds upon an approach to the analysis of taste and quality change due to F. M. Fisher and K. Shell. The author looks at the first-best allocation of resources where this is done. He also considers second-best policies in which the government must charge the same price to all consumers of the merit good and when optimal lump sum transfers are not available. Notes: Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199006 URL: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 871 Author: Besley, T. J. Year: 1988 Title: Optimal Reimbursement Health Insurance and the Theory of Ramsey Taxation Journal: Journal of Health Economics Volume: 7 Issue: 4 Pages: 321-336 Short Title: Optimal Reimbursement Health Insurance and the Theory of Ramsey Taxation ISSN: 01676296 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505560/description#description Accession Number: 0217918 Keywords: Economics of Health (including medical subsidy programs) 9130 Theory of Uncertainty and Information 0261 Abstract: This paper explores the trade-off between risk sharing and the incentive to consume increased medical care inherent in reimbursement insurance. The results for the theory of reimbursement insurance are compared with those on Ramsey taxation. It is shown that there is a close formal analogy and interpretations are given. Notes: Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199006 URL: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505560/description#description Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 995 Author: Besley, T. J. Year: 1988 Title: Rationing, Income Effects and Supply Response: A Theoretical Note Journal: Oxford Economic Papers, N. S. Volume: 40 Issue: 2 Pages: 378-389 Short Title: Rationing, Income Effects and Supply Response: A Theoretical Note ISSN: 00307653 Accession Number: 0218415 Keywords: Microeconomic Theory--General 0220 Abstract: This note looks at the effect of rationing on supply response in a model of an agent who both produces and consumes. The author shows that if the Le Catelier principle is to be violated, it must be because income effects are powerful; since in their absence the supply response is always positive. The model here is shown to be related to a model of entrepreneurship and income effects in the theory of the firm analyzed by Jan de V. Graaff some years ago. Notes: Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199006 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1458 Author: Besley, T. J. Year: 1988 Title: Tied-in Credit with a Monopoly Product Market Journal: Economics Letters Volume: 28 Issue: 2 Pages: 105-108 Short Title: Tied-in Credit with a Monopoly Product Market ISSN: 01651765 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505574/description#description Accession Number: 0225081 Keywords: Microeconomics--Theory of Firm and Industry under Imperfectly Competitive Market Structures 0226 Abstract: We show that when the consumer is credit-constrained at the opportunity cost of funds faced by the producer, then a monopolist may gain by offering a contract which offers both credit and goods. Notes: Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199006 URL: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505574/description#description Author Address: All Souls Col, Oxford Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 7 Author: Besley, T. J. Year: 1989 Title: A Definition of Luxury and Necessity for Cardinal Utility Functions Journal: Economic Journal Volume: 99 Issue: 397 Pages: 844-849 Short Title: A Definition of Luxury and Necessity for Cardinal Utility Functions ISSN: 00130133 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Accession Number: 0224968 Alternate Accession Number: EP4531764 Keywords: Microeconomic Theory--Theory of the Household (Consumer Demand) 0222 Abstract: This note proposes a definition of luxury and necessity that is useful when utility functions are cardinal. The author offers an exposition using the profit function representation of preferences and also gives some motivation. Applications are found in the theory of the consumer in an intertemporal setting, commodity price stabilization theory, and a consumer's decision to hedge in a futures market. Notes: Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199006; Copyright: Copyright of Economic Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Author Address: Oxford U and Princeton U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 812 Author: Besley, T. J.; Bevan, G.; Burchardi, K. B. Year: 2009 Title of Work: Naming & Shaming: The impacts of different regimes on hospital waiting times in England and Wales Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 7306 Short Title: Naming & Shaming: The impacts of different regimes on hospital waiting times in England and Wales DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP7306.asp Keywords: Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government H110 Health Production I120 Health: Government Policy Regulation Public Health I180 Abstract: Improving accountability in public services has been a central objective of many public sector reforms in recent years. Chief among these have been efforts to generate observable performance measures as a basis for monitoring performance. This paper examines a natural experiment in regimes applied to waiting list targets for hospital admissions in England and Wales. Prior to 2001, each country had similar policies, organisational structures for hospital care, and levels of resources. After 2001, the principal difference between the countries were the consequences for hospitals that failed to meet targets for waiting times: in England, failure resulted in sanctions in a process of 'naming and shaming', but in Wales, failure was perceived to result in extra resources. We use hospitals in Wales as a 'control group', to examine the effect of 'naming and shaming' in England. We found that this policy did indeed reduce waiting times in England as compared with Wales. However, there is some evidence there was in England, initially, some shuffling of prospective patients to meet specific targets which increased mean waiting times. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1045407; Keywords: hospital waiting times; targets; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200907 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP7306.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 962 Author: Besley, T. J.; Ghatak, M. Year: 2009 Title of Work: Property Rights and Economic Development Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 7243 Short Title: Property Rights and Economic Development DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP7243.asp Keywords: Property Law K110 Formal and Informal Sectors Shadow Economy Institutional Arrangements O170 Capitalist Systems: Property Rights P140 Abstract: This chapter develops a unified analytical framework, drawing on and extending the existing literature on the subject, for studying the role of property rights in economic development. It addresses two fundamental and related questions concerning the relationship between property rights and economic activity. (i) What are the mechanisms through which property rights affect economic activity? (ii) What are the determinants of property rights? In answering these, it surveys some of the main empirical and theoretical ideas from the extensive literature on the topic. This paper will form a chapter for Volume V of the Handbook of Development Economics edited by Dani Rodrik and Mark Rosenzweig Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1031497; Keywords: Economic Development; Property rights; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200905 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP7243.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1248 Author: Besley, T. J.; Ghatak, M. Year: 2009 Title of Work: The de Soto Effect Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 7259 Short Title: The de Soto Effect DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP7259.asp Keywords: Financial Institutions and Services: General G200 Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation G280 Property Law K110 Economic Development: Financial Markets Saving and Capital Investment Corporate Finance and Governance O160 Abstract: This paper explores the consequences of creating and improving property rights so that fixed assets can be used as collateral. This has become a cause celebre of Hernando de Soto whose views are influential in debates about policy reform concerning property rights. Hence, we refer to the economic impact of such reforms as the de Soto effect. We explore the logic of the argument for credit contracts, both in isolation, and in market equilibrium. We show that the impact will vary with the degree of market competition. Where competition is weak, it is possible that borrowers will be worse off when property rights improve. We discuss the implications for optimal policy and the political economy of policy reform. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1031513; Keywords: collateral; credit markets; Hernando de Soto; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200905 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP7259.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1192 Author: Besley, T. J.; Ghatak, M. Year: 2011 Title of Work: Taxation and Regulation of Bonus Pay Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 8532 Short Title: Taxation and Regulation of Bonus Pay DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP8532.asp Keywords: General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Financial Markets D530 Economics of Contract: Theory D860 Taxation and Subsidies: Efficiency Optimal Taxation H210 Abstract: We explore the consequence for taxation and regulation of bonus pay when investors are protected by taxpayers from downside risk. The paper develops a model where workers in financial sector firms make decisions about effort and risk-taking which are influenced by the structure of bonus pay. Bailouts lead to too little effort, too much risk taking and increase inequality. We show that the optimal structure of bonuses can be implemented by a combination of a regulation on the structure of bonuses and a tax on their level. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1256875; Keywords: bonus; incentives; taxation; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 201109 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP8532.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 522 Author: Besley, T. J.; Kanbur, S. M. R. Year: 1988 Title: Food Subsidies and Poverty Alleviation Journal: Economic Journal Volume: 98 Issue: 392 Pages: 701-719 Short Title: Food Subsidies and Poverty Alleviation ISSN: 00130133 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Accession Number: 0214413 Alternate Accession Number: EP4530997 Keywords: Fiscal Theory Empirical Studies Illustrating Fiscal Theory 3212 Economics of Poverty 9140 Abstract: This paper formulates the problem of the optimal pattern of food subsidies in a general setting, where the objective is to minimize a class of poverty indices within the framework of the mo dern public finance theory. Taking explicit account of the budget constraint and preferences and technologies, the authors derive rules for retargetting food subsidies to reduce poverty. Many operational rules of thumb appear as special cases of the general results. The analysis thus provides not only the microfoundations of these operational rules, but also their appropriate generalizations when the conditions under which they arise are not fulfilled. Notes: Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199006; Copyright: Copyright of Economic Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 799 Author: Besley, T. J.; Kudamatsu, M. Year: 2007 Title of Work: Making Autocracy Work Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 6371 Short Title: Making Autocracy Work DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP6371.asp Keywords: Capitalist Systems: Political Economy P160 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Political Economy Property Rights P260 Abstract: One of the key goals of political economy is to understand how institutional arrangements shape policy outcomes. This paper studies a comparatively neglected aspect of this - the forces that shape heterogeneous performance of autocracies. The paper develops a simple theoretical model of accountability in the absence of regularized elections. Leadership turnover is managed by a selectorate - a group of individuals on whom the leader depends to hold onto power. Good policy is institutionalized when the selectorate removes poorly performing leaders from office. This requires that the selectorate's hold on power is not too dependent on a specific leader being in office. The paper looks empirically at spells of autocracy to establish cases where it has been successful according to various objective criteria. We use these case studies to identify the selectorate in specific instances of successful autocracy. We also show that, consistent with the theory, leadership turnover in successful autocracies is higher than in unsuccessful autocracies. Finally, we show by exploiting leadership deaths from natural causes that successful autocracies appear to have found ways for selectorates to nominate successors without losing power - a feature which is also consistent with the theoretical approach. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0920896; Keywords: autocracy; democracy; development; dictatorship; political economy; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200707 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP6371.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 595 Author: Besley, T. J.; Meads, N.; Surico, P. Year: 2008 Title of Work: Household External Finance and Consumption Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 6934 Short Title: Household External Finance and Consumption DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP6934.asp Keywords: Household Behavior: General D100 Macroeconomics: Consumption Saving Wealth E210 Banks Other Depository Institutions Micro Finance Institutions Mortgages G210 Abstract: This paper uses mortgage data to construct a measure of terms on which households access to external finance, and relates it to consumption at both the aggregate and cohort levels. The Household External Finance (HEF) index is based on the spread paid by risky borrowers in the mortgage market. There is evidence that the terms of access to external finance matter more for the consumption of young cohorts in U.K. data. Results are robust to a wide variety of specifications. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1031184; Keywords: birth cohorts; external finance; household consumption; pseudo panels; terms of access; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200905 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP6934.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1049 Author: Besley, T. J.; Meads, N.; Surico, P. Year: 2010 Title of Work: Risk Heterogeneity and Credit Supply: Evidence from the Mortgage Market Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 7633 Short Title: Risk Heterogeneity and Credit Supply: Evidence from the Mortgage Market DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP7633.asp Keywords: Household Behavior: General D100 Macroeconomics: Consumption Saving Wealth E210 Banks Other Depository Institutions Micro Finance Institutions Mortgages G210 Abstract: This paper uses a unique data set on more than 600,000 mortgage contracts to estimate a credit supply function which allows for risk-heterogeneity. Non-linearity is modeled using quantile regressions. We propose an instrumental variable approach in which changes in the tax treatment of housing transactions are used as an instrument for loan demand. The results are suggestive of considerable risk heterogeneity with riskier borrowers penalized more for borrowing more. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1115420; Keywords: credit supply; heterogeneous effects; instrumental variable.; mortgage individual data; risk pricing; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 201007 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP7633.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1374 Author: Besley, T. J.; Persson, T. Year: 2007 Title of Work: The Origins of State Capacity: Property Rights, Taxation, and Politics Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 6370 Short Title: The Origins of State Capacity: Property Rights, Taxation, and Politics DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP6370.asp Keywords: Analysis of Collective Decision-Making: General D700 Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: General E600 Structure and Scope of Government: General H100 Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior: General K400 Economic Development: General O100 Abstract: Economists generally assume the existence of sufficient institutions to sustain a market economy and tax the citizens. However, this starting point cannot easily be taken for granted in many states, neither in history nor in the developing world of today. This paper develops a framework where "policy choices", regulation of markets and tax rates, are constrained by "economic institutions", which in turn reflect past investments in legal and fiscal state capacity. We study the economic and political determinants of these investments. The analysis shows that common interest public goods, such as fighting external wars, as well as political stability and inclusive political institutions, are conducive to building state capacity. Preliminary empirical evidence based on cross-country data find a number of correlations consistent with the theory. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0920895; Keywords: development; property rights; state capacity; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200707 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP6370.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1339 Author: Besley, T. J.; Persson, T. Year: 2008 Title of Work: The Incidence of Civil War: Theory and Evidence Institution: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, NBER Working Papers: 14585 Short Title: The Incidence of Civil War: Theory and Evidence DOI: http://www.nber.org/papers/w14585.pdf Keywords: Conflict Conflict Resolution Alliances D740 National Security Economic Nationalism F520 Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O110 Climate Natural Disasters Global Warming Q540 Abstract: This paper studies the incidence of civil war over time. We put forward a canonical model of civil war, which relates the incidence of conflict to circumstances, institutions and features of the underlying economy and polity. We use this model to derive testable predictions and to interpret the cross-sectional and times-series variations in civil conflict. Our most novel emprical finding is that higher world market prices of exported, as well as imported, commodities are strong and significant predictors of higher within-country incidence of civil war. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1014466; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200902 URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w14585.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1340 Author: Besley, T. J.; Persson, T. Year: 2008 Title of Work: The Incidence of Civil War: Theory and Evidence Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 7101 Short Title: The Incidence of Civil War: Theory and Evidence DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP7101.asp Keywords: Conflict Conflict Resolution Alliances D740 National Security Economic Nationalism F520 Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O110 Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts Q340 Abstract: This paper studies the incidence of civil war over time. We put forward a canonical model of civil war, which relates the incidence of conflict to circumstances, institutions and features of the underlying economy and polity. We use this model to derive testable predictions and to interpret the cross-sectional and times-series variations in civil conflict. Our most novel empirical finding is that higher world market prices of exported, as well as imported, commodities are strong and significant predictors of higher within-country incidence of civil war. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1031355; Keywords: commodity prices; conflict; natural resources; political institutions; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200905 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP7101.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1140 Author: Besley, T. J.; Persson, T. Year: 2009 Title of Work: State Capacity, Conflict and Development Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 7336 Short Title: State Capacity, Conflict and Development DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP7336.asp Keywords: Structure and Scope of Government: General H100 Economic Development: General O100 Capitalist Systems: Political Economy P160 Abstract: We report on an on-going project, which asks a number of questions relevant to the study of state capacity. What are the main economic and political determinants of the state's capacity to raise revenue and support private markets? How do risks of violent conflict affect the incentives to invest in state building? Does it matter whether conflicts are external or internal to the state? When are large states associated with higher income levels and growth rates than small states? What relations should we expect between resource rents, civil wars and economic development? The paper is organized into three main sections: 1. The origins of state capacity, 2. Sate capacity and the genius of taxation, and 3. State capacity and the strategy of conflict. Each of these begins with a specific motivation. A simple model is formulated to analyze the determinants of state capacity in the first section, and modified to address the new issues that arise in subsequent sections. The theoretical results are summarized in a number of propositions. We discuss the implications of the theory, comment on its relation to existing literature, and briefly mention some empiric applications. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1045438; Keywords: development; state capacity; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200907 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP7336.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1141 Author: Besley, T. J.; Persson, T. Year: 2009 Title of Work: State Capacity, Conflict and Development Institution: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, NBER Working Papers: 15088 Short Title: State Capacity, Conflict and Development DOI: http://www.nber.org/papers/w15088.pdf Keywords: Economic Development: General O100 Abstract: We report on an on-going project, which asks a number of questions relevant to the study of state capacity. What are the main economic and political determinants of the state's capacity to raise revenue and support private markets? How do risks of violent conflict affect the incentives to invest in state building? Does it matter whether conflicts are external or internal to the state? When are large states associated with higher income levels and growth rates than small states? What relations should we expect between resource rents, civil wars and economic development? The paper is organized into three main sections: 1. The origins of state capacity, 2. Sate capacity and the genius of taxation, and 3. State capacity and the strategy of conflict. Each of these begins with a specific motivation. A simple model is formulated to analyze the determinants of state capacity in the first section, and modified to address the new issues that arise in subsequent sections. The theoretical results are summarized in a number of propositions. We discuss the implications of the theory, comment on its relation to existing literature, and briefly mention some empiric applications. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1045989; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200907 URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w15088.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 541 Author: Besley, T. J.; Persson, T. Year: 2011 Title of Work: Fragile States and Development Policy Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 8285 Short Title: Fragile States and Development Policy DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP8285.asp Keywords: Economic Development: General O100 International Linkages to Development Role of International Organizations O190 Other Economic Systems: International Trade, Finance, Investment and Aid P450 Abstract: It is widely recognized that fragile states are key symptoms of under-development in many parts of the world. Such states are incapable of delivering basic services to their citizens and political violence is commonplace. As of yet, mainstream development economics has not dealt in any systematic way with such concerns and the implications for development assistance. This paper puts forward a framework for analyzing fragile states and applies it to a variety of development policies in different types of states. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1234600; Keywords: development; state fragility; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 201106 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP8285.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 728 Author: Besley, T. J.; Preston, I. P. Year: 1988 Title: Invariance and the Axiomatics of Income Tax Progression: A Comment Journal: Bulletin of Economic Research Volume: 40 Issue: 2 Pages: 159-163 Short Title: Invariance and the Axiomatics of Income Tax Progression: A Comment ISSN: 03073378 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0307-3378 Accession Number: 0214119 Alternate Accession Number: EP4521185 Keywords: Income Distribution 2213 Notes: Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199006; Copyright: Copyright of Bulletin of Economic Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0307-3378 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1070 Author: Besley, T. J.; Rosen, H. S. Year: 1998 Title of Work: Sales Taxes and Prices: An Empirical Analysis Institution: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, NBER Working Papers: 6667 Short Title: Sales Taxes and Prices: An Empirical Analysis DOI: http://www.nber.org/papers/w6667.pdf Keywords: Taxation and Subsidies: Incidence H220 Abstract: One of the most fundamental questions in public finance is who bears the burden of taxes--the incidence of taxation.' Our understanding of incidence from an empirical standpoint is quite meager. Indeed, there seems to be little evidence even in the case that is theoretically the easiest--partial equilibrium commodity taxes. Are taxes levied on commodities completely shifted into their prices, or does the incidence also fall on firms? How long does the shifting process take? In this paper we employ a unique data source to examine the incidence of sales taxes. The main idea is to take information on the prices of specific commodities in different U.S. cities and to examine the extent to which differences in tax rates and bases are reflected in prices, controlling for other factors (such as costs). We find a surprising variety of shifting patterns. For some commodities, the after-tax price increases by exactly the amount of the tax, a result consistent with the standard competitive model. However, taxes on other commodities are overshifted--an increase in tax revenue of one dollar per unit increases the price by more than one dollar. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0717478; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w6667.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1071 Author: Besley, T. J.; Rosen, H. S. Year: 1999 Title: Sales Taxes and Prices: An Empirical Analysis Journal: National Tax Journal Volume: 52 Issue: 2 Pages: 157-178 Short Title: Sales Taxes and Prices: An Empirical Analysis ISSN: 00280283 DOI: http://ntj.tax.org Accession Number: 0496367 Alternate Accession Number: EP1974931 Keywords: Taxation and Subsidies: Incidence H220 Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue H710 Production, Pricing, and Market Structure Size Distribution of Firms L110 Abstract: The authors employ a unique data source to examine the incidence of sales taxes. The main idea is to take information on the prices of specific commodities in different U.S. cities and to examine the extent to which differences in tax rates and bases are reflected in prices, controlling for other factors (such as costs). They find a surprising variety of shifting patterns. For some commodities, the after-tax price increases by exactly the amount of the tax, a result consistent with the standard competitive model. However, taxes on other commodities are overshifted--an increase in tax revenue of one dollar per unit increases the price by more than one dollar. Notes: Keywords: Incidence; Tax; Taxes; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199909; Copyright: Copyright of National Tax Journal is the property of National Tax Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://ntj.tax.org Author Address: London School of Econ Princeton U and NBER Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 27 Author: Bester, H.; et al. Year: 1996 Title: A Noncooperative Analysis of Hotelling's Location Game Journal: Games and Economic Behavior Volume: 12 Issue: 2 Pages: 165-186 Short Title: A Noncooperative Analysis of Hotelling's Location Game ISSN: 08998256 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/622836/description#description Accession Number: 0382149 Keywords: Noncooperative Games C720 Other Production and Pricing Analysis R320 Market Structure and Pricing: Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection D430 Abstract: We study the location equilibrium in Hotelling's model of spatial competition. As d'Aspremont, et al. have shown, with quadratic consumer transportation cost the two sellers will seek to move as far away from each other as possible. We show that the location game possesses an infinity of mixed strategy Nash equilibria. In these equilibria coordination failure invalidates the principle of "maximum differentiation" and firms may even locate at the same point. Coauthors are Andre de Palma, Wolfgang Leininger, Jonathan Thomas, and Ernst-Ludwig von Thadden. (c) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. Notes: Keywords: Competition; Differentiation; Equilibria; Equilibrium; Games; Mixed Strategy; Noncooperative; Spatial Competition; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199606 URL: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/622836/description#description Author Address: CentER, Tilburg U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 851 Author: Bhagwati, J. Year: 1995 Title: On the Equivalence of Tariffs and Quotas Editor: J. P. Neary Book Title: International trade. Volume 1. Welfare and trade policy Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 59. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Elgar Pages: 405-419 Short Title: On the Equivalence of Tariffs and Quotas Reprint Edition: [1965] Keywords: Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 Notes: Accession Number: 0449527; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-361-3; Keywords: Quotas; Tariff; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1041 Author: Bhagwati, J. N.; Srinivasan, T. N. Year: 1995 Title: Revenue Seeking: A Generalization of the Theory of Tariffs Editor: J. P. Neary Book Title: International trade. Volume 1. Welfare and trade policy Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 59. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Elgar Pages: 446-464 Short Title: Revenue Seeking: A Generalization of the Theory of Tariffs Reprint Edition: [1980] Keywords: Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 Notes: Accession Number: 0449530; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-361-3; Keywords: Tariff; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 345 Author: Bhattacharya, S.; Padilla, A. J. Year: 1994 Title of Work: Dynamic Banking : A Reconsideration Institution: Universite catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES), Universite catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES) Discussion Paper: 1994031 Pages: 25-25 Short Title: Dynamic Banking : A Reconsideration Abstract: Financially Intermediated and Stock Market consumption-investment allocations, with (and without) governmental interventions, are compared in a welfare sense in overlapping generations economies with ( and without) shocks to agents' international preferences. We show that, first, tax-subsidy schemes under the same informational requirements needed for financial intermediation to function, lead to stock market allocations that are identical, or superior, to those attained under financial intermediation. Second, we argue that the necessary interventions are qualitatively no different from those required to implement stationary optimal allocations in OLG models without uncertainty regarding agents' consumption preferences. Thus, we conclude that the provision of liquidity is tangential to stock market efficiency. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0875012; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200612 Author Address: UNIVERSITE CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES) CEMFI, Madrid and CEPR Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 346 Author: Bhattacharya, S.; Padilla, A. J. Year: 1996 Title: Dynamic Banking: A Reconsideration Journal: Review of Financial Studies Volume: 9 Issue: 3 Pages: 1003-1032 Date: Fall Short Title: Dynamic Banking: A Reconsideration ISSN: 08939454 DOI: http://rfs.oxfordjournals.org Accession Number: 0398526 Keywords: Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy E440 Banks Other Depository Institutions Micro Finance Institutions Mortgages G210 Abstract: Financially intermediated and stock market consumption-investment avocations, with and without governmental interventions, are compared in a welfare sense in overlapping generation economies with (and without) shocks to agents' intertemporal preferences. We first show that, in economies with preference shocks, governmental interventions subject to the same informational requirements as those imposed on financial intermediaries, lead to stock market allocations that are not inferior to those attained under financial intermediation. Second, we argue that the necessary interventions are qualitatively no different from those required to implement stationary optimal allocations in OLG models without shocks to agents' intertemporal consumption preferences. Notes: Keywords: Banking; Financial Intermediaries; Intermediation; Stock Market; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199612 URL: http://rfs.oxfordjournals.org Author Address: Catholic U Louvain CEMFI and CEPR Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 171 Author: Bingley, P. Year: 1995 Title: Child Support Reform and the Labor Supply of Lone Mothers in the United Kingdom Journal: Journal of Human Resources Volume: 30 Issue: 2 Pages: 256-279 Date: Spring Short Title: Child Support Reform and the Labor Supply of Lone Mothers in the United Kingdom ISSN: 0022166X DOI: http://jhr.uwpress.org/archive/ Accession Number: 0359658 Partial authors List Keywords: Time Allocation and Labor Supply J220 Economics of Gender Non-labor Discrimination J160 Abstract: The reform of child support arrangements, including their treatment by the welfare system, has been on the policy agenda in a number of countries in recent years. This paper simulates the impact of a reform that recently has been implemented in the United Kingdom. The analysis is based on estimates of a model of discrete choice labor supply for a sample of U.K. lone mothers. The authors suggest that reform will induce a major reduction in welfare expenditures on lone mothers and a significant rise in their labor force participation due to greater work incentives associated with the changes. Coauthors are Gauthier Lanot, Elizabeth Symons, and Ian Walker. Notes: ; Keywords: Labor Supply; Mothers; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199509 URL: http://jhr.uwpress.org/archive/ Author Address: Keele U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1403 Author: Bingley, P.; Christensen, K.; Walker, I. Year: 2007 Title of Work: The Returns to Observable and Unobservable Skills over time: Evidence from a Panel of the Population of Danish Twins Institution: Geary Institute, University College Dublin, Working Papers: 200723 Pages: 33 pages Short Title: The Returns to Observable and Unobservable Skills over time: Evidence from a Panel of the Population of Danish Twins DOI: http://geary.ucd.ie/images/Publications/WorkingPapers/GearyWp200723.pdf Keywords: Education and Research Institutions: General I200 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Abstract: This paper provides estimates of the private financial return to education based on large samples of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins which we obtain from Danish population registers. Our estimation exploits the fact that our data is a long panel. We show that the rising inequality, which we observe in the raw data, is due to rising returns to observable skills. Indeed, our results suggest that the inequality associated with unobservable skills appears to have fallen since the late 1980's. The fact that we have both MZs and DZs allows us to separate the rising residual variance into changes in returns to unobservables and changes in the variance in unobservables across successive cohorts. Measurement error has been a concern in the twins literature since the usual methodology is based on within-twin differences. We exploit two instruments that provide additional measures of the within twin schooling difference, differences in when the twins first join the labour force on a full-time basis, which comes from a register that is independent of the education registers; and the strong assortative mating in the data which allows us to use twins spouse's education as an instrument. We also address a further concern in the literature, that differencing between twins fails to remove individual fixed effects as opposed to family fixed effects resulting in schooling differences being correlated with the residual. This would induce the within twin schooling difference coefficient to be biased. Here we exploit the Danish equivalent of Maimonides' rule which generates potential variation in education within twin pairs associated with being placed in different classes if they attended a small school in a larger than average cohort. This different experience across twin pairs is shown to generate differences in within twin schooling. Our baseline estimates suggests that correcting for selfselection in schooling, and measurement error, gives returns that are about two fifths higher than OLS for men and about one fifth higher for women. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1035053; Keywords: wage inequality, schooling, twins, education returns, ability bias; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200905 URL: http://geary.ucd.ie/images/Publications/WorkingPapers/GearyWp200723.pdf Author Address: Department of Economics, Aarhus School of Business, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark Author-Name: Department of Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1273 Author: Bingley, P.; Jensen, V. M.; Walker, I. Year: 2007 Title of Work: The Effect of School Class Size on Post-Compulsory Education: Some Cost Benefit Analysis Institution: Geary Institute, University College Dublin, Working Papers: 200717 Pages: 44 pages Short Title: The Effect of School Class Size on Post-Compulsory Education: Some Cost Benefit Analysis DOI: http://geary.ucd.ie/images/Publications/WorkingPapers/GearyWp200717.pdf Keywords: Educational Finance I220 Single Equation Models Single Variables: Models with Panel Data Longitudinal Data Spatial Time Series C230 Abstract: This paper is concerned with the relationship between class size and the student outcome--length of time in post-compulsory schooling. Research on this topic has been problematic partly because omitted unobservables, like parents' incomes and education levels, are likely to be correlated with class size. Two potential ways to resolve this problem are to exploit either experimental or instrumental variation. In both cases, the methods require that the variation in both class size and the outcome should not be contaminated by other unobservable factors that affect the outcome--like family background. An alternative approach, which we pursue here, is to take advantage of variation in class size between siblings which allows unobservable family effects to be differenced out. Our aim is to combine sibling differences with a fuzzy rule that determines class size to provide estimates of the effect of class size and use these to conduct an evaluation of the costs and benefits of a reduction in class sizes. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1035088; Keywords: class size, regression discontinuity, sibling differences; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200905 URL: http://geary.ucd.ie/images/Publications/WorkingPapers/GearyWp200717.pdf Author Address: Department of Economics, Aarhus School of Business, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark Department of Economics Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 173 Author: Bingley, P.; Symons, E.; Walker, I. Year: 1994 Title: Child Support, Income Support and Lone Mothers Journal: Fiscal Studies Volume: 15 Issue: 1 Pages: 81-98 Short Title: Child Support, Income Support and Lone Mothers ISSN: 01435671 DOI: http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0143-5671 Accession Number: 0330382 Keywords: Economics of Gender Non-labor Discrimination J160 Fertility Family Planning Child Care Children Youth J130 Time Allocation and Labor Supply J220 Notes: Keywords: Child Support; Child; Mothers; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199412 URL: http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0143-5671 Author Address: Arhus U Arhus U and IFS IFS and Keele U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 600 Author: Bingley, P.; Walker, I. Year: 1997 Title of Work: Household unemployment and the labour supply of married women Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W97/01 Short Title: Household unemployment and the labour supply of married women Abstract: This research, supported by the Leverhulme Trust, investigates the relationship between the employment status of husbands and the labour market behaviour of their wives. In the UK the unemployment insurance system encourages the wives of unemployed men who are in receipt of unemployment benefit (UB now, Job Seekers Allowance) to work part-time since low levels of earnings by the wife do not affect the husband.s unemployment benefit. But if the wife.s earnings are large then the husband can loose part of his benefit payment, so it only makes sense for women to work full-time if their wages are quite high. In contrast, when the husband has been unemployed for a long period and has exhausted his entitlement to unemployment benefit he may be entitled to Income Support (IS). However IS treats ANY earnings of the wife as unearned income and reduces the husband.s IS payments by 100% of those earnings. This reduces the incentive for the wives of such men to engage in paid market work, especially part-time or low wage work. Thus, the duration of unemployment for husbands has quite distinct effects on the incentive structure faced by married women - with the wives of UB recipients given an incentive to work part-time or not at all, and the wives of IS recipients having little incentive to work at all (except in a full-time and relatively high wage job). With the introduction of the Job Seeker.s Allowance (JSA) this distinction is now faced after 6 months rather than 12 months unemployment duration. The purpose of the JSA is to reduce the duration of unemployment and yet it has a perverse effect on the spouses of recipients relative to the old UB system. We estimate a model of the labour supply of married women and our estimates suggest that the move from UB (or JSA) to IS increases the probability of the wife participating by 3.5% points, mainly at the expense of part-time work. When the husband finds work the incentive for the wife to work improves and we predict that the part-time participation would rise by 2.3% and the full-time participation rate would rise by 9.0% - and about half of these changes are due to the welfare system. The net effect of the JSA (net of the adverse effect on spouses) depends on the extent to which it promotes low durations of unemployment and the available empirical estimates suggest that this is likely to be quite modest. Given our estimates of the effects on spouses it seems unlikely that the net effect would be a beneficial one. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0772171; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200505 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies and University of Warwick Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 761 Author: Bingley, P.; Walker, I. Year: 1997 Title of Work: Labour supply and in-work and in-kind transfers Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W97/02 Short Title: Labour supply and in-work and in-kind transfers Abstract: This research (supported by the Leverhulme Trust) investigates the relationship between working behaviour (whether one is unemployed, not participating, working part-time or full-time), cash transfer programmes (such as in-work transfers like Family Credit, and out-of-work transfers like Income Support), and in-kind transfer programmes. The latter are usually where goods or services are supplied directly (and examples would be free school meals, welfare milk, etc.) but anything that is subsidised so that its price at the margin is zero can also be thought of as an in-kind transfer - so housing benefit could be thought of in this way. The motivation for the work is that in-kind and cash in-work transfers have both been suggested as a way of relieving poverty without having adverse consequences for work incentives. Thus we analyse the effects of these different forms of transfers on working behaviour. One problem with transfer programmes is that they may suffer from take-up (or participation) rates that are less than 100% - that is, some households that are entitled to a transfer may not receive it. This may be due to some kind of cost (stigma, for example) or to ignorance (which can be thought of as a cost associated with acquiring information). Adopting a methodology that allows for less than 100% participation in transfer programmes is one advance of this paper. A second important factor is that, if we are to consider the effect of transfer programmes on labour market choices, we need to allow for the choices that are available: some individuals may want to work but not be able to find work and we allow for this involuntary labour market non-participation in our work. The analysis is based on a sample of 4527 lone mother heads of households constructed from pooling Family Expenditure Surveys from 1978 to 1992. We concentrate on lone mothers since we want to abstract from the interdependencies between the decisions of adults in households: of course, they are also an important group in their own right. Family Credit is a in-work cash transfer programme that aim to encourage lone mothers to work but has been bedevilled by low participation: we find that the (stigma) costs associated with Family Credit are quite high - perhaps as high as half the typical entitlement. In contrast, in-kind transfers seem to have low levels of stigma - perhaps only 20% of typical entitlements (although this might be because the stigma is often borne by the children). Thus, in-kind transfers may have an important role in promoting work incentives. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0772170; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200505 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies and University of Warwick Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1350 Author: Bingley, P.; Walker, I. Year: 1997 Title: The Labour Supply, Unemployment and Participation of Lone Mothers in In-Work Transfer Programmes Journal: Economic Journal Volume: 107 Issue: 444 Pages: 1375-1390 Short Title: The Labour Supply, Unemployment and Participation of Lone Mothers in In-Work Transfer Programmes ISSN: 00130133 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Accession Number: 0437109 Alternate Accession Number: EP9711133486 Keywords: Time Allocation and Labor Supply J220 Economics of Gender Non-labor Discrimination J160 Marriage Marital Dissolution Family Structure Domestic Abuse J120 Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search J640 Welfare and Poverty: Government Programs Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs I380 Abstract: In-work transfer schemes have recently been suggested as a device for encouraging labor force participation and reducing the severity of the disincentives associated with out-of-work income support schemes. Here the authors estimate a discrete choice labor supply model which allows for endogenous in-work welfare program participation. They also allow for involuntary unemployment so as to distinguish between program nonparticipation and an inability to obtain work and thereby generate an eligibility to the program. Notes: Keywords: Labor Supply; Mothers; Participation; Transfers; Unemployment; Welfare Program; Welfare; Work Welfare; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199801; Copyright: Copyright of Economic Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Author Address: Arhus Keele U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1451 Author: Bingley, P.; Walker, I. Year: 1997 Title of Work: There is no such thing as a free lunch: evidence from the effect of in-kind transfers Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W97/07 Short Title: There is no such thing as a free lunch: evidence from the effect of in-kind transfers Abstract: Economists have frequently argued that cash transfers are to be preferred to in-kind transfers. However, the argument is strictly true only where there are no market failures, and there are several arguments in favour of in-kind transfers that are valid in these circumstances In-kind transfers are often used where policy may be specifically concerned with the welfare of the recipient but a cash transfer cannot be made directly to the intended recipient. This might be the case with basic health care and education services for children where cash transfers would have to be made via the parents who might choose to spend such cash in a different fashion. This is called the agency problem. A second argument relates to the desire to exploit the stigma associated with visibly being in receipt of some transfer, in order to improve the targeting of such transfers to the most needy. This may be most relevant where recorded income may not be a good indicator of well-being such as may be the case in an economy with a large underground. The essence of this argument is that only the genuinely poor find it worthwhile to participate in the programme if it is stigmatised. In order to encourage only the poorest to select themselves into the programme the quality of the in-kind provision may have to be low: if the quality is a normal characteristic of a good then few of the richest will participate if the quality is low since they prefer a higher quality at the market price. Both of these arguments suggest that an in-kind transfer is not valued as highly as cash by the recipients: in the first case because the agent cannot trade the transfer for cash from which rent could be extracted; and in the second case because the value of the transfer is net of the costs of the stigma. The fact that in-kind transfers are worth less than cash but worth more to the poor than to the rich, offers the attractive prospect of being able to both relieve poverty and improve work incentives. In fact, in-kind transfers seem to be most prevalent in welfare schemes for those out-of-work while cash transfers are most commonly used for those in-work. At the same time as improving work incentives and improving the targeting of expenditure to alleviate poverty, in-kind transfers may be able to protect the welfare of children in poor households from adverse shocks associated with variations in parental income. Indeed, this is precisely why many such schemes were introduced. However, if family members are altruistic towards each other then there is the prospect that an in-kind transfer directly to one household member may be offset by some countervailing action by other household members. This so-called "rotten-kid" phenomenon severely undermines the case for in-kind transfers to children - if such transfers can be neutralised by some corresponding intra-household reallocation then not only is the affect on child welfare undermined but so too is the potential beneficial work incentive effect since the benefit of the transfer to the child could be appropriated by the parent. This paper is concerned with the effect of three UK nutrition programmes (free school lunches, school milk and welfare milk) on the household expenditure on milk and (non-milk) food. The aim of the paper is to estimate the extent to which households offset these in-kind transfers by reducing corresponding expenditures. Thus, the paper addresses the issue of the extent to which dependent children and parents are altruistically linked as well as the more conventional issue of the extent to which in-kind transfers are equivalent to cash. Our analysis is based on detailed modelling of the determinants of household expenditures and shows that households do offset these in-kind transfers - the effect is small for free school lunches suggesting that the agency problem may be small, but is large for the two milk schemes suggesting altruism is quite strong. The policy lesson is that in-kind transfers may not be desirable because agency is not a big problem and will typically not be effective unless wh t is being transferred would not typically be bought (a low quality school lunch for example). Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0772166; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200505 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies and University of Warwick Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 599 Author: Bingley, P.; Walker, I. Year: 2000 Title of Work: Household unemployment and the labour supply of married women Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers Short Title: Household unemployment and the labour supply of married women Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709582; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 762 Author: Bingley, P.; Walker, I. Year: 2000 Title of Work: Labour supply and in-work and in-kind transfers Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers Short Title: Labour supply and in-work and in-kind transfers Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709581; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 765 Author: Bingley, P.; Walker, I. Year: 2000 Title of Work: Labour supply, unemployment and participation in in-work transfer programmes Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers Short Title: Labour supply, unemployment and participation in in-work transfer programmes Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709609; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1450 Author: Bingley, P.; Walker, I. Year: 2000 Title of Work: There is no such thing as a free lunch: Evidence from the effect of in-kind transfers Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers Short Title: There is no such thing as a free lunch: Evidence from the effect of in-kind transfers Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709576; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 598 Author: Bingley, P.; Walker, I. Year: 2001 Title: Household Unemployment and the Labor Supply of Married Women Journal: Economica Volume: 68 Issue: 270 Pages: 157-185 Short Title: Household Unemployment and the Labor Supply of Married Women ISSN: 00130427 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0427 Accession Number: 0578592 Alternate Accession Number: EP4549963 Keywords: Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search J640 Time Allocation and Labor Supply J220 Economics of Gender Non-labor Discrimination J160 Marriage Marital Dissolution Family Structure Domestic Abuse J120 Abstract: A recent reform to the UK unemployment insurance (UI) system has reduced the duration of entitlement from 12 to six months. The UI and welfare systems interact in the UK in such a way that exhaustion of UI for married individuals has potentially large disincentive effects on the labour supply of spouses. A model of labour supply is estimated for married women allowing for endogenous unemployment durations of husbands and wives. We distinguish between transfer programme induced incentive effects; correlation between labour supply and wages within couples; complementarity between the leisure times of spouses; and a discouraged worker effect. Notes: Keywords: Labor Supply; Spouse; Unemployment Duration; Unemployment; Women; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200109; Copyright: Copyright of Economica is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0427 Author Address: Center for Labor Market & Social Research, Arhus U U Warwick and Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 606 Author: Bingley, P.; Walker, I. Year: 2001 Title: Housing Subsidies and Work Incentives in Great Britain Journal: Economic Journal Volume: 111 Issue: 471 Pages: C86-103 Short Title: Housing Subsidies and Work Incentives in Great Britain ISSN: 00130133 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Accession Number: 0574989 Alternate Accession Number: EP4550086 Keywords: Welfare and Poverty: Government Programs Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs I380 Housing Supply and Markets R310 Abstract: The relationship between housing costs, wages and transfer programmes is complex yet helps determine the incentive to work for individuals in low income or high housing cost households. We estimate a static discrete choice labour supply model that allows for housing benefit programme participation, using samples of married women and unmarried women drawn from Great Britain Family Resources Surveys 1994/5-97/8. We find women are quite responsive to labour supply incentives and that housing benefit income has similar incentive effects to earned income which suggests any "stigma" is small. Our analysis is complemented by simulating housing benefit and direct rent subsidy reforms. Notes: Keywords: Housing; Transfers; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200108; Copyright: Copyright of Economic Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Author Address: Arhus U Warwick U and Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1452 Author: Bingley, P.; Walker, I. Year: 2007 Title of Work: There's no such thing as a Free Lunch: Altruistic parents and the response of household food expenditures to nutrition program reforms Institution: Geary Institute, University College Dublin, Working Papers: 200719 Pages: 41 pages Short Title: There's no such thing as a Free Lunch: Altruistic parents and the response of household food expenditures to nutrition program reforms DOI: http://geary.ucd.ie/images/Publications/WorkingPapers/GearyWp200719.pdf Keywords: Welfare and Poverty: Government Programs Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs I380 National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs H530 Abstract: Many countries provide extensive in-kind public transfers for specific needs of particular client groups such as the elderly, the disabled, and children. However, this may crowd out private expenditures on the goods in question and, to some extent, undermine the case for not simply giving cash. If the target group belongs to a larger household the mechanism behind this crowding out could be either altruism or agency. This paper is concerned with three nutrition programmes for children in UK households: free lunch at school for children from poor households; free milk to poor households with pre-school children; and free milk at day-care for pre-school children in attendance regardless of parental income. We exploit a reform that removed eligibility to the first two programs from working poor households. We find significant crowding-out of private food expenditures--a free school lunch reduces food expenditure by around 15% of the purchase price of the lunch, and a free pint of milk reduces milk expenditure by about 80% of the market price. We conclude that this is due to altruism rather than agency problems because milk expenditure crowd-out is similar across milk programs that have different delivery mechanisms. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1046182; Keywords: In-kind transfers, program participation, altruism, agency; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200907 URL: http://geary.ucd.ie/images/Publications/WorkingPapers/GearyWp200719.pdf Author Address: Department of Economics, Aarhus School of Business Department of Economics, University of Warwick Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1346 Author: Bingley, P.; Walker, I. Year: 2008 Title of Work: The Labor Supply Effect of In-Kind Transfers Institution: Geary Institute, University College Dublin, Working Papers: 200820 Pages: 45 pages Short Title: The Labor Supply Effect of In-Kind Transfers DOI: http://geary.ucd.ie/images/Publications/WorkingPapers/gearywp200820.pdf Keywords: Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Cross-Sectional Models Spatial Models Treatment Effect Models Quantile Regressions C310 Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models Discrete Regressors C350 Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis D120 Time Allocation and Labor Supply J220 Abstract: We estimate a model of labor supply and participation in multiple programs for UK lone mothers which exploits a reform of in-work transfers. Cash entitlements increased but eligibility to in-kind child nutrition programs was lost. We find that in-work cash and inwork in-kind transfers both have large positive labor supply effects. There is, however, a utility loss from program participation which is estimated to be larger for cash than for child nutrition. This implies that the partial cash out of the in-kind benefits reduced labor supply. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1035074; Keywords: labor supply, program participation, in-kind transfers; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200905 URL: http://geary.ucd.ie/images/Publications/WorkingPapers/gearywp200820.pdf Author Address: Danish National Centre for Social Research, Herluf Trolles Gade 11, DK-1052 Copenhagen, Denmark Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster LA1 4YX, UK Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1345 Author: Bingley, P.; Walker, I. Year: 2009 Title of Work: The labor supply effect of in-kind transfers Institution: Lancaster University Management School, Economics Department, Working Papers: 005933 Short Title: The labor supply effect of in-kind transfers DOI: http://www.lums.lancs.ac.uk/publications/viewpdf/005933/ Abstract: We estimate a model of labor supply and participation in multiple programs for UK lone mothers which exploits a reform of in-work transfers. Cash entitlements increased but eligibility to in-kind child nutrition programs was lost. We find that in-work cash and in-work in-kind transfers both have large positive labor supply effects. There is, however, a utility loss from program participation which is estimated to be larger for cash than for child nutrition. This implies that the partial cash out of the in-kind benefits reduced labor supply. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1033531; Keywords: labor supply, program participation, in-kind transfers; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200905 URL: http://www.lums.lancs.ac.uk/publications/viewpdf/005933/ Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1453 Author: Bingley, P.; Walker, I. Year: 2011 Title of Work: There's no such thing as a free lunch: Evidence of altruism and agency from household expenditure responses to child nutrition programs Institution: Lancaster University Management School, Economics Department, Working Papers: 007186 Short Title: There's no such thing as a free lunch: Evidence of altruism and agency from household expenditure responses to child nutrition programs DOI: http://www.lums.lancs.ac.uk/publications/viewpdf/007186/ Abstract: Many countries provide transfers for particular client groups such as children and often such transfers are in-kind rather than cash. However, this may, at least partially, crowd out private expenditures on the goods in question because they reduce the incentive for other individuals, like parents, to make altruistic transfers. They are often made to one household member on behalf of another so there may also be agency concerns: the recipient may divert some of the transfer away from the intended beneficiary. This paper throws light on these issues using three nutrition programs for children in UK households: free lunch at school for children from poor households; free milk to poor households with pre-school children; and free milk at day-care for pre-school children in attendance regardless of parental income. We provide difference in difference estimates based on a welfare reform and on variation in the timing of school holidays. These estimates are broadly consistent with estimates of a structural model that is identified using the same welfare reform. This gives us confidence in the interpretation of our estimates that the structural model provides but the simple difference-in-difference cannot. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1146496; Keywords: In-kind transfers, program participation, altruism, agency; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 201101 URL: http://www.lums.lancs.ac.uk/publications/viewpdf/007186/ Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 399 Author: Bingley, P.; Walker, I.; Zhu, Y. Year: 2005 Title: Education, Work and Wages in the UK Journal: German Economic Review Volume: 6 Issue: 3 Pages: 395-414 Short Title: Education, Work and Wages in the UK ISSN: 14656485 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1465-6485 Accession Number: 0812152 Alternate Accession Number: EP18102733 Keywords: Welfare and Poverty: Government Programs Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs I380 Time Allocation and Labor Supply J220 Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Abstract: This paper is concerned with the relationship between education, wages and working behaviour. The work is partly motivated by the sharp distinction in the literature between the returns to education and the effect of wages on labour supply. Education is the investment that cumulates in the form of human capital while labour supply is the utilization rate of that stock. Yet, variation in education is usually the basis for identifying labour supply models--education is assumed to determine wages but not affect labour supply. Moreover, it is commonly assumed that the private rate of return to education can be found from the schooling coefficient in a log-wage equation. Yet, the costs of education are largely independent of its subsequent utilization but the benefits will be higher the greater the utilization rate. Thus the returns will depend on how intensively that capital is utilized and we would expect that those who intend to work least to also invest least in human capital. Indeed, the net (of tax liabilities and welfare entitlements) return to education will be a complex function of labour supply and budget constraint considerations. Here we attempt to model the relationship between wages, work, education and the tax/welfare system allowing for the endogeneity of education as well for the correlations between the unobservable components of wages and working behaviour. We use the estimates to simulate the effect of a new UK policy designed to increase education for children from low-income households. Notes: Keywords: Education; Human Capital; Labor Supply; Wage; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200601; Copyright: Copyright of German Economic Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1465-6485 Author Address: Aarhus U U Kent U Warwick Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 776 Author: Birdsall, N. Year: 2005 Title: Lessons from Chile's Development in the 1990s: Comment Editor: T. Besley and R. Zagha Book Title: Development Challenges in the 1990s: Leading Policymakers Speak from Experience Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 154-157 Short Title: Lessons from Chile's Development in the 1990s: Comment Keywords: Current Account Adjustment Short-term Capital Movements F320 Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O110 International Linkages to Development Role of International Organizations O190 Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development O230 Measurement of Economic Growth Aggregate Productivity Cross-Country Output Convergence O470 Notes: Accession Number: 0835735; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8213-5872-3; Keywords: Development; Geographic Descriptors: Chile; Geographic Region: Latin America and the Caribbean; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200605 Author Address: Center for Global Development Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Record Number: 100 Author: Bischof, G.; Pelinka, A. e. Year: 1995 Title: Austria in the nineteen fifties Publisher: Contemporary Austrian Studies, vol. 3. New Brunswick, N.J. and London: Transaction Number of Pages: 311-311 Short Title: Austria in the nineteen fifties Keywords: Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Europe: 1913- N440 Abstract: Thirteen papers, some resulting from a joint University of New Orleans-University of Innsbruck symposium held in May 1993, examine Austria during and after Allied occupation in the 1950s. Stephen E. Ambrose discusses U.S. foreign policy in the 1950s. Oliver Rathkolb explores the foreign relations between the United States and Austria in the late 1950s. Michael Gehler focuses on the Austrian solution in 1955 as a "model" for Germany. Franz Mathis considers Austrian state industries after World War II. Kurt K. Tweraser evaluates the late Marshall Plan in Austria, 1950-54. Karin M. Schmidlechner assesses youth culture in the 1950s. Beth Noveck examines Hugo Bettauer and the political culture of the First Republic. Franz Adlgasser considers American food aid in Austria and Hungary after World War I. Rolf Steininger explores the resolution of the South Tyrol conflict as a contribution to European stability and a model for solving minority conflicts. Thomas Angerer focuses on Austrian Zeitgeschichte and recent history. Jonathan Petropoulos discusses Austrian Menschenjager. Thomas A. Schwartz focuses on Coca-Cola and Pax Americana and the limits of Americanization in postwar Europe. Stefan Zauner evaluates French occupation policies in Austria after World War II. Also includes book reviews and a survey of Austrian politics in 1993 by Nick Rainer and Sieghard Viertler. Bischof is at the University of New Orleans. Pelinka is at the University of Innsbruck and with the Institute of Conflict Research, Vienna. Steininger is at the University of Innsbruck. No index. Notes: Accession Number: 0353483; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-56000-763-X; ; Publication Type: Book; Update Code: 199507 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 881 Author: Blackaby, D.; Booth, A. L.; Frank, J. Year: 2002 Title of Work: Outside Offers and the Gender Pay Gap: Empirical Evidence from the UK Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 3549 Short Title: Outside Offers and the Gender Pay Gap: Empirical Evidence from the UK DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3549.asp Keywords: Economics of Gender Non-labor Discrimination J160 Compensation Packages Payment Methods J330 Labor Discrimination J710 Abstract: Using a unique data source on academic economist labour market experiences, we explore gender, pay and promotions. In addition to earnings and productivity measures, we have information on outside offers and perceptions of discrimination. In contrast to the existing literature, we find both a gender promotions gap and a within-rank gender pay gap. A driving factor may be the role of outside offers: men receive more outside offers than women of comparable characteristics, and gain higher pay increases in response to outside offers. This may arise due to discrimination, and we find that perceptions of discrimination and also outside job applications correlate with an individual receiving earnings below that expected, given their characteristics. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0694814; Keywords: discrimination; earnings; gender; promotions; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3549.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 882 Author: Blackaby, D.; Booth, A. L.; Frank, J. Year: 2005 Title: Outside Offers and the Gender Pay Gap: Empirical Evidence from the UK Academic Labour Market Journal: Economic Journal Volume: 115 Issue: 501 Pages: F81-107 Short Title: Outside Offers and the Gender Pay Gap: Empirical Evidence from the UK Academic Labour Market ISSN: 00130133 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Accession Number: 0772906 Alternate Accession Number: EP15806865 Keywords: Role of Economics Role of Economists A110 Economics of Gender Non-labor Discrimination J160 Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Labor Discrimination J710 Abstract: Using a unique data source on academic economist labour market experiences, we explore gender, pay and promotions. In addition to earnings and productivity measures, we have information on outside offers and perceptions of discrimination. We find both a gender promotions gap and a within-rank gender pay gap. A driving factor may be outside offers: men receive more outside offers than women of comparable characteristics, and gain higher pay increases in response. This may arise due to discrimination. We find that perceptions of discrimination and also outside job applications correlate with an individual receiving earnings below that expected, given their characteristics. Notes: Keywords: Gender; Pay; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200505; Copyright: Copyright of Economic Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Author Address: U Wales Swansea Australian National U and U Essex Royal Holloway College, U London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 344 Author: Blackaby, D.; Clark, K.; Leslie, D. Year: 1995 Title: Dual Labour Markets and the Potential Earnings of the Unemployed Journal: Scottish Journal of Political Economy Volume: 42 Issue: 1 Pages: 37-52 Short Title: Dual Labour Markets and the Potential Earnings of the Unemployed ISSN: 00369292 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0036-9292 Accession Number: 0361922 Alternate Accession Number: EP9508225613 Keywords: Monopsony Segmented Labor Markets J420 Abstract: This paper shows that the potential earnings of the unemployed are lower compared to the employed. The authors interpret this as being supportive of a dual labor market with a privileged primary sector who are less likely to be unemployed compared to the secondary sector who are more likely to be unemployed. Small differences in reward to the unemployed compared to those in employment could reflect larger differences in reward to primary and secondary workers. One implication is given concerning the measurement of the replacement ratio. A large underestimate for secondary workers is possible with commonly used methods of construction. Notes: Keywords: Labor Markets; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199510; Copyright: Copyright of Scottish Journal of Political Economy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0036-9292 Author Address: Manchester Metropolitan U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1527 Author: Blackaby, D.; et al. Year: 1999 Title: Unemployment among Britain's Ethnic Minorities Journal: Manchester School Volume: 67 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-20 Short Title: Unemployment among Britain's Ethnic Minorities ISSN: 14636786 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1463-6786 Accession Number: 0488911 Alternate Accession Number: EP6731376 Keywords: Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search J640 Economics of Minorities and Races Non-labor Discrimination J150 Abstract: Using a sample of over 100,000 males from the Labour Force Survey, this paper explores the employment prospects of different ethnic groups. There are significant differences across groups so that discrimination studies that consider ethnic minorities as one homogeneous group involve a large degree of approximation. The paper pays particular attention to the considerable differences between the Indian and Pakistani/Bangladeshi groups. It argues that the differences are not the result of different levels of discrimination by the White majority, rather the predominately Muslim Pakistani/Bangladeshi community is less assimilated compared with other ethnic minority groups. Notes: Keywords: Discrimination; Employment; Minorities; Unemployment; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199905; Copyright: Copyright of Manchester School (14636786) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1463-6786 Author Address: U Wales Swansea Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 447 Author: Blackaby, D.; Frank, J. Year: 2000 Title: Ethnic and Other Minority Representation in UK Academic Economics Journal: Economic Journal Volume: 110 Issue: 464 Pages: F293-311 Short Title: Ethnic and Other Minority Representation in UK Academic Economics ISSN: 00130133 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Accession Number: 0533585 Alternate Accession Number: EP3343815 Keywords: Role of Economics Role of Economists A110 Labor Discrimination J710 Abstract: Using a survey questionnaire of academic economists in the United Kingdom, we examine the representation of ethnic and other minorities. We find that nearly 12% of UK-employed academic economists are of ethnic minority origin. However, only 1% of the sample are UK-born ethnic minority. Controlling for individual and workplace characteristics, there is no significant ethnic minority effect on academic rank. However, there is a significant negative earnings effect. Further, 4% of ethnic minority economists feel that they have suffered workplace discrimination. Notes: Keywords: Economics; Economists; Minorities; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200010; Copyright: Copyright of Economic Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Author Address: U Wales, Swansea Royal Holloway College, U London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 931 Author: Blackaby, D.; Hunt, L. Year: 1994 Title: Priced Out of Work? Journal: New Economy Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Pages: 7-12 Date: Spring Short Title: Priced Out of Work? ISSN: 10703535 Accession Number: 0370240 Keywords: Employment Unemployment Wages Intergenerational Income Distribution Aggregate Human Capital E240 Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search J640 Notes: Geographic Descriptors: OECD; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199512 Author Address: Swansea U Midland Electric and Surrey U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 71 Author: Blackaby, D. H. Year: 1986 Title: An Analysis of the Male Racial Earnings Differential in the UK, Using the General Household Survey Journal: Applied Economics Volume: 18 Issue: 11 Pages: 1233-1242 Short Title: An Analysis of the Male Racial Earnings Differential in the UK, Using the General Household Survey ISSN: 00036846 DOI: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/routledge/00036846.html Accession Number: 0196248 Alternate Accession Number: EP4617356 Keywords: Wage and Fringe Benefit Studies 8242 Economics of Minorities Economics of Discrimination 9170 Notes: Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199006; Copyright: Copyright of Applied Economics is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/routledge/00036846.html Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 35 Author: Blackaby, D. H.; et al. Year: 1997 Title: A Picture of Male and Female Unemployment among Britain's Ethnic Minorities Journal: Scottish Journal of Political Economy Volume: 44 Issue: 2 Pages: 182-197 Short Title: A Picture of Male and Female Unemployment among Britain's Ethnic Minorities ISSN: 00369292 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0036-9292 Accession Number: 0426897 Alternate Accession Number: EP9705302118 Keywords: Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search J640 Economics of Minorities and Races Non-labor Discrimination J150 Economics of Gender Non-labor Discrimination J160 Abstract: Using a sample of around one million observations from the 1991 Census, the paper investigates unemployment differences across Britain's ethnic minorities. Unemployment differences are not simply the result of characteristic differences or discrimination by the white majority. There are equally wide differences in female unemployment rates, compared with males, between the white majority and the non-white ethnic minorities. Unemployment rates among the British born tend to be considerably higher than foreign born, but this is accounted for by characteristic differences. Thus there is no evidence that the British born are actually doing worse, but they do not seem to be becoming better assimilated either. Coauthors are Stephen Drinkwater, Derek Leslie, and Philip Murphy. Notes: Keywords: Discrimination; Female; Minorities; Unemployment Rate; Unemployment; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199710; Copyright: Copyright of Scottish Journal of Political Economy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0036-9292 Author Address: U Wales, Swansea Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1256 Author: Blackaby, D. H.; et al. Year: 1997 Title: The Distribution of Male and Female Earnings 1973-91: Evidence for Britain Journal: Oxford Economic Papers Volume: 49 Issue: 2 Pages: 256-272 Short Title: The Distribution of Male and Female Earnings 1973-91: Evidence for Britain ISSN: 00307653 DOI: http://oep.oxfordjournals.org/ Accession Number: 0424016 Keywords: Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Economics of Gender Non-labor Discrimination J160 Abstract: This paper analyzes the major developments in the structure of male and female pay in Britain between 1973 and 1991. These are the narrowing of the gender pay gap and the increasing inequality of male and female earnings. The first innovation is decomposing the changing gender pay gap into three components: prices, characteristics, and unmeasured (residual) effects at any percentile level of interest to the investigator. An important role for prices in narrowing the gender gap is found and the second innovation is a method to identify which prices are critical. Qualifications turn out to be the key factor. Coauthors are K. Clark, D. G. Leslie, and P. D. Murphy. Notes: Keywords: Earnings; Female; Gender; Inequality; Pay; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199709 URL: http://oep.oxfordjournals.org/ Author Address: U Wales, Swansea Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1432 Author: Blackaby, D. H.; Hunt, L. C. Year: 1992 Title: The 'Wage Curve' and Long-term Unemployment: A Cautionary Note Journal: Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies Volume: 60 Issue: 4 Pages: 419-428 Short Title: The 'Wage Curve' and Long-term Unemployment: A Cautionary Note ISSN: 00252034 Accession Number: 0278264 Keywords: Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search J640 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Abstract: This paper analyzes the effect of the long-term unemployed on the Blanchflower and Oswald (1990) "wage curve." It is found using the 1982 General Household Survey that, contrary to Blanchflower and Oswald, the long-term unemployed do effectively drop out of the labor market. The "wage curve" effect remains but only in terms of the short-term unemployed. Notes: Keywords: Unemployment; Wage; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199306 Author Address: U College of Swansea U Surrey Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 673 Author: Blackaby, D. H.; Murphy, P. D. Year: 1991 Title: Industry Characteristics and Inter-regional Wage Differences Journal: Scottish Journal of Political Economy Volume: 38 Issue: 2 Pages: 142-161 Short Title: Industry Characteristics and Inter-regional Wage Differences ISSN: 00369292 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0036-9292 Accession Number: 0254373 Alternate Accession Number: EP14359114 Keywords: Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Regional Migration Regional Labor Markets Population Neighborhood Characteristics R230 Abstract: This paper utilizes two large micro data sets--the General Household Survey and the New Earnings Survey--to identify those factors that influence the interregional wage structure. Industry-regional wage mark-ups are generated from a traditional human capital model and are then used to examine the effect that industry-regional averages, like bargaining type, firm size, demand pressures, and consumer prices, have on residual hourly earnings differentials. The significance of union bargaining variables, together with the low elasticity found on unemployment, cast some doubt on a traditional competitive equilibrium model of wage determination. Notes: Keywords: Earnings; Regional; Wage; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199203; Copyright: Copyright of Scottish Journal of Political Economy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0036-9292 Author Address: U College of Swansea U Aberdeen Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 446 Author: Blackorby, C.; Laisney, F.; Schmachtenberg, R. Year: 1994 Title: Ethically-Consistent Welfare Prescriptions Are Reference Price-Independent Editor: R. Blundell, I. Preston and I. Walker Book Title: The measurement of household welfare Publisher: Cambridge; New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press Pages: 247-264 Short Title: Ethically-Consistent Welfare Prescriptions Are Reference Price-Independent Keywords: Consumer Economics: Theory D110 Welfare Economics: General D600 Notes: Accession Number: 0416110; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-521-45195-7; Keywords: Welfare; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199707 Author Address: U British Columbia U Mannheim and U Louis Pasteur Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 803 Author: Blejer, M. I. Year: 2005 Title: Managing Argentina's 2002 Financial Crisis Editor: T. Besley and R. Zagha Book Title: Development Challenges in the 1990s: Leading Policymakers Speak from Experience Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 167-177 Short Title: Managing Argentina's 2002 Financial Crisis Keywords: International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions F330 International Lending and Debt Problems F340 Banks Other Depository Institutions Micro Finance Institutions Mortgages G210 Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation G280 Economic Development: Financial Markets Saving and Capital Investment Corporate Finance and Governance O160 International Linkages to Development Role of International Organizations O190 Notes: Accession Number: 0835738; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8213-5872-3; Keywords: Financial Crisis; Geographic Descriptors: Argentina; Geographic Region: Latin America and the Caribbean; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200605 Author Address: Center for Central Banking Studies, Bank of England Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 827 Author: Blomquist, N. S. Year: 1986 Title: Nonlinear Taxes and the Intertemporal Allocation of Hours of Work Editor: R. Blundell and I. Walker Book Title: Unemployment, search and labour supply Publisher: Cambridge; New York and Sydney: Cambridge University Press Pages: 318-334 Short Title: Nonlinear Taxes and the Intertemporal Allocation of Hours of Work Keywords: Fiscal Theory Empirical Studies Illustrating Fiscal Theory 3212 Labor Economics: Theory and Empirical Studies Illustrating Theory 8210 Notes: Accession Number: 0019431; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199006 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1260 Author: Bloom, N.; Bond, S.; Reenen, J. V. Year: 2001 Title of Work: The dynamics of investment under uncertainty Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W01/05 Pages: 58 pages Short Title: The dynamics of investment under uncertainty DOI: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp0105.pdf Keywords: Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Investment, or Financing D920 Capital Investment Capacity E220 Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty: General D800 Single Equation Models Single Variables: Models with Panel Data Longitudinal Data Spatial Time Series C230 Abstract: We derive robust predictions on the effects of uncertainty on short-run investment dynamics in a broad class of models with (partial) irreversibility. When their environments becomes more uncertain, firms become more cautious and less responsive to demand shocks. This result contrasts with the long-run analysis, in which the effect of real options on the level of the capital stock is ambiguous. An investment model is estimated to test these theoretical predications using a panel of UK firms and a stock returns-based measure of uncertainty. As predicted we find that uncertainty reduces firms' responsiveness to demand shocks. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709491; Keywords: Investment, uncertainty, real options, panel data.; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp0105.pdf Author Address: IFS IFS and Nuffield College, Oxford IFS and University College London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1520 Author: Bloom, N.; Bond, S.; Reenen, J. V. Year: 2006 Title of Work: Uncertainty and Investment Dynamics Institution: Centre for Economic Performance, LSE, CEP Discussion Papers Short Title: Uncertainty and Investment Dynamics DOI: http://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/dp0739.pdf Keywords: Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Investment, or Financing D920 Capital Investment Capacity E220 Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty: General D800 Single Equation Models Single Variables: Models with Panel Data Longitudinal Data Spatial Time Series C230 Abstract: This paper shows that, with (partial) irreversibility, higher uncertainty reduces the impact effect of demand shocks on investment. Uncertainty increases real option values making firms more cautious when investing or disinvesting. This is confirmed both numerically for a model with a rich mix of adjustment costs, time-varying uncertainty, and aggregation over investment decisions and time, and also empirically for a panel of manufacturing firms. These cautionary effects of uncertainty are large - going from the lower quartile to the upper quartile of the uncertainty distribution typically halves the first year investment response to demand shocks. This implies the responsiveness of firms to any given policy stimulus may be much lower in periods of high uncertainty, such as after major shocks like OPEC I and 9/11. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0881781; Keywords: Investment, uncertainty, real options, panel data; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200701 URL: http://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/dp0739.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1521 Author: Bloom, N.; Bond, S.; van Reenen, J. Year: 2007 Title: Uncertainty and Investment Dynamics Journal: Review of Economic Studies Volume: 74 Issue: 2 Pages: 391-415 Short Title: Uncertainty and Investment Dynamics ISSN: 00346527 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0034-6527 Accession Number: 0915276 Alternate Accession Number: EP24458231 Keywords: Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty D810 Capital Budgeting Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies G310 Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General L600 Abstract: This paper shows that with (partial) irreversibility higher uncertainty reduces the responsiveness of investment to demand shocks. Uncertainty increases real option values making firms more cautious when investing or disinvesting. This is confirmed both numerically for a model with a rich mix of adjustment costs, time-varying uncertainty, and aggregation over investment decisions and time and also empirically for a panel of manufacturing firms. These "cautionary effects" of uncertainty are large--going from the lower quartile to the upper quartile of the uncertainty distribution typically halves the first year investment response to demand shocks. This implies the responsiveness of firms to any given policy stimulus may be much weaker in periods of high uncertainty, such as after the 1973 oil crisis and September 11, 2001. Notes: Keywords: Firm; Investment; Manufacturing; Uncertainty; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200706; Copyright: © 2007 Review of Economic Studies Ltd URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0034-6527 Author Address: Center for Economic Performance, Stanford U Institute for Fiscal Studies and U Oxford London School of Economics and Centre for Economic Performance Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1518 Author: Bloom, N.; Bond, S. R.; Van Reenen, J. Year: 2003 Title of Work: Uncertainty and Company Investment Dynamics: Empirical Evidence for UK Firms Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 4025 Short Title: Uncertainty and Company Investment Dynamics: Empirical Evidence for UK Firms DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP4025.asp Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Models with Panel Data Longitudinal Data Spatial Time Series C230 Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty: General D800 Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Investment, or Financing D920 Capital Investment Capacity E220 Abstract: This Paper investigates the empirical relationship between uncertainty and investment dynamics. This is motivated by the real options literature, which suggests a weaker response of investment to demand shocks at higher levels of uncertainty, as firms place a greater value on the option to wait. Using simulated data we show that this more cautious behaviour can be detected as a smaller impact of sales growth on investment for firms facing higher uncertainty. Using a stock returns volatility measure of uncertainty for a large panel of quoted UK companies, we find a similar interaction effect in our econometrics analysis. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0695275; Keywords: investment; panel data; real options; uncertainty; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP4025.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 610 Author: Bloom, N.; Chennells, L.; Griffith, R.; Reenen, J. Year: 1997 Title of Work: How has tax affected the changing cost of R&D? Evidence from eight countries Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W97/03 Short Title: How has tax affected the changing cost of R&D? Evidence from eight countries Abstract: This paper describes the evolution of the tax treatment of investment in R&D in Australia, Canada, France, Great Britain, Germany, Italy, Japan and the USA between 1979 and 1994. Estimates of the cost of R&D capital are provided and the methodology used is contrasted with other ones used in the literature. Four findings are highlighted. First, there appear to be substantial differences in the cost of R&D capital across countries at any given point in time. Secondly, there has been a general trend towards more generous tax treatment of R&D, although some countries have moved much more rapidly than others. Thirdly, there is an increasing diversity in the cost of R&D capital between countries, a pattern that is in stark contrast to the convergence in the tax treatment of physical capital. Finally, simulations of the impact of four tax systems on a sample of R&D performing firms illustrates the within-country heterogeneity in the impact of R&D tax credits. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0772169; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200505 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 611 Author: Bloom, N.; Chennells, L.; Griffith, R.; Reenen, J. v. Year: 2000 Title of Work: How has tax affected the changing costs of R&D? Evidence from eight countries Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers Short Title: How has tax affected the changing costs of R&D? Evidence from eight countries Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709580; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1344 Author: Bloom, N.; Griffith, R. Year: 2001 Title: The Internationalisation of UK R&D Journal: Fiscal Studies Volume: 22 Issue: 3 Pages: 337-355 Short Title: The Internationalisation of UK R&D ISSN: 01435671 DOI: http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0143-5671 Accession Number: 0595253 Keywords: Technological Change: Choices and Consequences Diffusion Processes O330 Multinational Firms International Business F230 Technological Change: Government Policy O380 Abstract: Policies to promote research and development (R&D) are high on the government's agenda. R&D and innovation are seen as key drivers of economic growth and important for raising UK productivity. This paper considers recent trends in UK R&D performance. We show that UK R&D is more internationalised than that of other G5 countries and is becoming increasingly so at a faster rate. A rising share of UK R&D is funded from abroad and UK firms are undertaking more of their R&D overseas. Using an international panel of countries, we show that R&D in one country responds to a change in the price in another "competitor" country. This suggests that UK innovation policies could play an important role in determining whether increasingly footloose R&D locates in the UK or moves overseas. Notes: Keywords: Research and Development; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; France; Germany; Japan; U.S.; Geographic Region: Europe; Asia; Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200202 URL: http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0143-5671 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 323 Author: Bloom, N.; Griffith, R.; Reenen, J. V. Year: 1999 Title of Work: Do R&D tax credits work? Evidence from an international panel of countries 1979 - 1994 Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W99/08 Pages: 40 pages Short Title: Do R&D tax credits work? Evidence from an international panel of countries 1979 - 1994 DOI: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/gvrb15_wp.pdf Keywords: Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets L130 Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives O310 Single Equation Models Single Variables: Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models Discrete Regressors C250 Abstract: This paper examines the impact of ascal incentives on the level of R&D investment. An econometric model of R&D investment is estimated using a panel of data on R&D spending and tax changes in eight countries over sixteen years (1979-1994). The countries are Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK, and the US. We find evidence that tax incentives are effective in increasing R&D intensity. This is true even after we allow for country specific characteristics and world macro shocks. We estimate that in the short-run a 10% fall in the cost of R&D stimulates a 1% rise in the level of R&D; R&D increases by just over 10% in the long-run. Additionally there is some evidence that changes in R&D tax credits affects decisions over the international location of R&D as suggested by models of tax competition. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709537; Keywords: Tax credits, R&D, panel data, tax competition; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/gvrb15_wp.pdf Author Address: IFS IFS and UCL Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 321 Author: Bloom, N.; Griffith, R.; Van Reenen, J. Year: 2000 Title of Work: Do R&D Credits Work? Evidence From A Panel Of Countries 1979-97 Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 2415 Short Title: Do R&D Credits Work? Evidence From A Panel Of Countries 1979-97 DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP2415.asp Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models Discrete Regressors C250 Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets L130 Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives O310 Abstract: This paper examines the impact of fiscal incentives on the level of R&D investment. An econometric model of R&D investment is estimated using a new panel of data on tax changes and R&D spending in nine OECD countries over a nineteen-year period (1979-1996). We find evidence that tax incentives are effective in increasing R&D intensity. This is true even after allowing for permanent country specific characteristics, world macro shocks and other policy influences. We estimate that a 10% fall in the cost of R&D stimulates a 1% rise in the level of R&D in the short-run; R&D increases by just under 10% in the long-run. Additionally there is some evidence that changes in R&D tax credits affect decisions over the international location of R&D as suggested by models of tax competition. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0693683; Keywords: Panel Data; R&D; Tax Competition; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP2415.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 322 Author: Bloom, N.; Griffith, R.; Van Reenen, J. Year: 2002 Title: Do R&D Tax Credits Work? Evidence from a Panel of Countries 1979-1997 Journal: Journal of Public Economics Volume: 85 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-31 Short Title: Do R&D Tax Credits Work? Evidence from a Panel of Countries 1979-1997 ISSN: 00472727 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Accession Number: 0628744 Keywords: Technological Change: Government Policy O380 Management of Technological Innovation and R&D O320 Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Firm H320 Fiscal Policy E620 Abstract: This paper examines the impact of fiscal incentives on the level of R&D investment. An econometric model of R&D investment is estimated using a new panel of data on tax changes and R&D spending in nine OECD countries over a 19-year period (1979-97). We find evidence that tax incentives are effective in increasing R&D intensity. This is true even after allowing for permanent country-specific characteristics, world macro shocks and other policy influences. We estimate that a 10% fall in the cost of R&D stimulates just over a 1% rise in the level of R&D in the short-run, and just under a 10% rise in R&D in the long-run. Notes: Keywords: Policy; R&D; Tax; Geographic Descriptors: OECD; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200212 URL: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies and U College London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1519 Author: Bloom, N.; Reenen, J. V.; Bond, S. Year: 2006 Title of Work: Uncertainty and Investment Dynamics Institution: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, NBER Working Papers: 12383 Short Title: Uncertainty and Investment Dynamics DOI: http://www.nber.org/papers/w12383.pdf Keywords: Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Investment, or Financing D920 Capital Investment Capacity E220 Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty: General D800 Single Equation Models Single Variables: Models with Panel Data Longitudinal Data Spatial Time Series C230 Abstract: This paper shows that, with (partial) irreversibility, higher uncertainty reduces the impact effect of demand shocks on investment. Uncertainty increases real option values making firms more cautious when investing or disinvesting. This is confirmed both numerically for a model with a rich mix of adjustment costs, time-varying uncertainty, and aggregation over investment decisions and time, and also empirically for a panel of manufacturing firms. These cautionary effects of uncertainty are large - going from the lower quartile to the upper quartile of the uncertainty distribution typically halves the first year investment response to demand shocks. This implies the responsiveness of firms to any given policy stimulus may be much lower in periods of high uncertainty, such as after major shocks like OPEC I and 9/11. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0857611; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200608 URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w12383.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 730 Author: Blundell, R. Year: 1992 Title: Investment and Tobin's Q Journal: Journal of Econometrics Volume: 51 Issue: 1-2 Pages: 233-257 Short Title: Investment and Tobin's Q ISSN: 03044076 DOI: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03044076 Accession Number: 0267346 Partial authors List Keywords: Capital Budgeting Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies G310 Abstract: A Q model of investment is estimated using data for an unbalanced panel of U.K. companies over the period 1975-86. Correlated firm-specific effects and the endogeneity of Q are allowed for using a Generalized Method of Moments estimator. In the calculation of Q the authors estimate the tax incentives available to individual companies. Q is found to be a significant factor in the explanation of company investment, although its effect is small and a careful treatment of the dynamic structure of Q models appears critical. In addition to Q, both cash flow and output variables are found to play an independent and significant role. Coeditors are Stephen Bond, Michael Devereux, and Fabio Schiantarelli. Notes: ; Keywords: Firm; Investment; Q; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199209 URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03044076 Author Address: U College London and IFS Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 688 Author: Blundell, R.; Bond, S. Year: 1998 Title: Initial Conditions and Moment Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models Journal: Journal of Econometrics Volume: 87 Issue: 1 Pages: 115-143 Short Title: Initial Conditions and Moment Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models ISSN: 03044076 DOI: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03044076 Accession Number: 0478660 Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Models with Panel Data Longitudinal Data Spatial Time Series C230 Labor Demand J230 Abstract: Estimation of the dynamic error components model is considered using two alternative linear estimators that are designed to improve the properties of the standard first-differenced generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator. Both estimators require restrictions on the initial conditions process. Asymptotic efficiency comparisons and Monte Carlo simulations for the simple AR(1) model demonstrate the dramatic improvement in performance of the proposed estimators compared to the usual first-differenced GMM estimator, and compared to nonlinear GMM. The importance of these results is illustrated in an application to the estimation of a labor demand model using company panel data. Notes: Keywords: Estimation; GMM Estimators; Panel Data; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199812 URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03044076 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies, U College London Institute for Fiscal Studies and Nuffield College Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 564 Author: Blundell, R.; Bond, S. Year: 1999 Title of Work: GMM estimation with persistent panel data: an application to production functions Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W99/04 Pages: 23 pages Short Title: GMM estimation with persistent panel data: an application to production functions DOI: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp994.pdf Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Models with Panel Data Longitudinal Data Spatial Time Series C230 Production Cost Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity Capacity D240 Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709541; Keywords: Investment, R&D, cash flow, financial constraints, panel data; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp994.pdf Author Address: UCL and IFS Nuffield College, Oxford and IFS Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 686 Author: Blundell, R.; Bond, S. Year: 2000 Title of Work: Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers Short Title: Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709608; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 687 Author: Blundell, R.; Bond, S. Year: 2002 Title: Initial Conditions and Moment Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models Editor: B. H. Baltagi Book Title: Recent developments in the econometrics of panel data. Volume 1 Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Econometrics, vol. 9. Cheltenham, U.K. and Northampton, Mass.: Elgar; distributed by American International Distribution Corporation, Williston, Vt. Pages: 76-104 Short Title: Initial Conditions and Moment Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models Reprint Edition: [1998] Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Models with Panel Data Longitudinal Data Spatial Time Series C230 Labor Demand J230 Notes: Accession Number: 0759799; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-84064-967-4; Keywords: Panel Data; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200501 Author Address: U College London Institute for Fiscal Studies and Nuffield College, Oxford Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 364 Author: Blundell, R.; Bond, S.; Meghir, C. Year: 1992 Title: Econometric Models of Company Investment Editor: L. Matyas and P. Sevestre Book Title: The econometrics of panel data: Handbook of theory and applications Publisher: Advanced Studies in Theoretical and Applied Econometrics, vol. 28. Norwell, Mass. and Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Pages: 388-413 Short Title: Econometric Models of Company Investment Keywords: Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Investment, or Financing D920 Notes: Accession Number: 0379343; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-7923-2043-3; Keywords: Investment; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199604 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 365 Author: Blundell, R.; Bond, S.; Meghir, C. Year: 1996 Title: Econometric Models of Company Investment Editor: L. Matyas and P. Sevestre Book Title: The econometrics of panel data: A handbook of the theory with applications Publisher: Second edition. Advanced Studies in Theoretical and Applied Econometrics, vol. 33. Dordrecht; Boston and London: Kluwer Academic Pages: 685-710 Short Title: Econometric Models of Company Investment Keywords: Capital Budgeting Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies G310 Notes: Accession Number: 0462400; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-7923-3787-5; Keywords: Investment; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199807 Author Address: U College London and Institute for Fiscal Studies U Oxford and Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 441 Author: Blundell, R.; Bond, S.; Windmeijer, F. Year: 2000 Title of Work: Estimation in dynamic panel data models: improving on the performance of the standard GMM estimator Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W00/12 Pages: 49 pages Short Title: Estimation in dynamic panel data models: improving on the performance of the standard GMM estimator DOI: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp0012.pdf Abstract: This chapter reviews developments to improve on the poor performance of the standard GMM estimator for highly autoregressive panel series. It considers the use of the "system" GMM estimator that relies on relatively mild restrictions on the initial condition process. This system GMM estimator encompasses the GMM estimator based on the non-linear moment conditions available in the dynamic error components model and has substantial asymptotic efficiency gains. Simulations, that include weakly exogenous covariates, find large finite sample biases and very low precision for the standard first differenced estimator. The use of the system GMM estimator not only greatly improves the precision but also greatly reduces the finite sample bias. An application to panel production function data for the US is provided and confirms these theoretical and experimental findings. Keywords: Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709506; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp0012.pdf Author Address: IFS and University College London IFS and Nuffield College, Oxford IFS Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 442 Author: Blundell, R.; Bond, S.; Windmeijer, F. Year: 2000 Title: Estimation in Dynamic Panel Data Models: Improving on the Performance of the Standard GMM Estimator Editor: B. H. Baltagi Book Title: Nonstationary panels, panel cointegration, and dynamic panels Publisher: Advances in Econometrics, vol. 15. Amsterdam; New York and Tokyo: Elsevier Science, JAI Pages: 53-91 Short Title: Estimation in Dynamic Panel Data Models: Improving on the Performance of the Standard GMM Estimator Keywords: Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C320 Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Models with Panel Data Longitudinal Data Spatial Time Series C330 Macroeconomics: Production E230 Notes: Accession Number: 0640977; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-7623-0688-2; Keywords: Estimation; Panel Data; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200305 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies, London and U College, London Institute for Fiscal Studies, London and Nuffield College, U Oxford Institute for Fiscal Studies, London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 565 Author: Blundell, R.; Bond, S. R. Year: 2000 Title: GMM Estimation with Persistent Panel Data: An Application to Production Functions Journal: Econometric Reviews Volume: 19 Issue: 3 Pages: 321-340 Short Title: GMM Estimation with Persistent Panel Data: An Application to Production Functions ISSN: 07474938 DOI: http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0747-4938 Accession Number: 0550020 Keywords: Model Construction and Estimation C510 Production Cost Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity Capacity D240 Abstract: This paper considers the estimation of Cobb-Douglas production functions using panel data covering a large sample of companies observed for a small number of time periods. GMM estimators have been found to produce large finite-sample biases when using the standard first-differenced estimator. These biases can be dramatically reduced by exploiting reasonable stationarity restrictions on the initial conditions process. Using data for a panel of R&D-performing US manufacturing companies we find that the additional instruments used in our extended GMM estimator yield much more reasonable parameter estimates. Notes: Keywords: Cobb Douglas; Estimation; Production Function; Production; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200101 URL: http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0747-4938 Author Address: U College London and IFS Nuffield College, Oxford and IFS Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 971 Author: Blundell, R.; Dearden, L.; Griffith, R. Year: 1999 Title: Public Finance, Employment and Labor Markets Journal: International Tax and Public Finance Volume: 6 Issue: 3 Pages: 235-237 Short Title: Public Finance, Employment and Labor Markets ISSN: 09275940 DOI: http://www.springerlink.com/link.asp?id=102915 Accession Number: 0502754 Keywords: Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure J210 Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: General H300 Employment Unemployment Wages Intergenerational Income Distribution Aggregate Human Capital E240 Notes: Keywords: Employment; Public Finance; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199911 URL: http://www.springerlink.com/link.asp?id=102915 Author Address: U College London Institute for Fiscal Studies, London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 11 Author: Blundell, R.; et al. Year: 1986 Title: A Labour Supply Model for the Simulation of Tax and Benefit Reforms Editor: R. Blundell and I. Walker Book Title: Unemployment, search and labour supply Publisher: Cambridge; New York and Sydney: Cambridge University Press Pages: 267-293 Short Title: A Labour Supply Model for the Simulation of Tax and Benefit Reforms Keywords: Labor Economics: Theory and Empirical Studies Illustrating Theory 8210 Fiscal Theory Empirical Studies Illustrating Fiscal Theory 3212 Labor Force--General 8130 Notes: Accession Number: 0019428; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199006 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 763 Author: Blundell, R.; et al. Year: 1988 Title: Labour Supply Specification and the Evaluation of Tax Reforms Journal: Journal of Public Economics Volume: 36 Issue: 1 Pages: 23-52 Short Title: Labour Supply Specification and the Evaluation of Tax Reforms ISSN: 00472727 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Accession Number: 0220684 Keywords: National Taxation, Revenue, and Subsidies 3230 Wage and Fringe Benefit Studies 8242 Abstract: This paper investigates the practical importance of the functional specification of labor-supply equations for the analysis of tax/benefit reform. The authors consider two labor-supply specifications: one derived from Stone-Geary preferences and the other from a generalization that relaxes some of the more critical restrictions in that model. They use the equations to contrast the effects of two reforms to the U.K. income tax system: one involves income effects almost exclusively while the other implies a significant number of large increases in marginal tax rates. Coauthors are Costas Meghir, Elizabeth Symons, and Ian Walker. Notes: Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199006 URL: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 347 Author: Blundell, R.; Griffith, R.; Reenen, J. v. Year: 2000 Title of Work: Dynamic count data models of technological innovation Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers Short Title: Dynamic count data models of technological innovation Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709628; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 757 Author: Blundell, R.; Griffith, R.; Reenen, J. v. Year: 2000 Title of Work: Knowledge stocks, persistent innovation and market dominance: evidence from a panel of British manufacturing firms Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers Short Title: Knowledge stocks, persistent innovation and market dominance: evidence from a panel of British manufacturing firms Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709641; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 348 Author: Blundell, R.; Griffith, R.; Van Reenen, J. Year: 1995 Title: Dynamic Count Data Models of Technological Innovation Journal: Economic Journal Volume: 105 Issue: 429 Pages: 333-344 Short Title: Dynamic Count Data Models of Technological Innovation ISSN: 00130133 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Accession Number: 0353968 Alternate Accession Number: EP9505041427 Keywords: Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives O310 Abstract: This paper examines the application of count data models to firm level panel data on technological innovations. The model the authors propose exhibits dynamic feedback and unobserved heterogeneity. We develop a fixed effects estimator that generalizes the standard Poisson and negative binomial models allowing for dynamic feedback through both the firm's stock of knowledge and its product market power. By using the long pre-sample history of innovation information this 'entry stock' estimator is shown to control for correlated fixed effects and is compared with an alternative nonlinear GMM estimator. We find evidence of history dependence in innovation activity although variables reflecting the company's economic environment are also found to play a major role. Notes: Keywords: Innovation; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199508; Copyright: Copyright of Economic Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies and U College London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 810 Author: Blundell, R.; Griffith, R.; van Reenen, J. Year: 1999 Title: Market Share, Market Value and Innovation in a Panel of British Manufacturing Firms Journal: Review of Economic Studies Volume: 66 Issue: 3 Pages: 529-554 Short Title: Market Share, Market Value and Innovation in a Panel of British Manufacturing Firms ISSN: 00346527 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0034-6527 Accession Number: 0503403 Alternate Accession Number: EP2201459 Keywords: Production, Pricing, and Market Structure Size Distribution of Firms L110 Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives O310 Financing Policy Financial Risk and Risk Management Capital and Ownership Structure G320 Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General L600 Abstract: This paper examines the empirical relationship between technological innovations, market share and stock market value. New developments in the estimation of dynamic count data models are used to control for unobserved firm specific heterogeneity. We find a robust and positive effect of market share on observable headcounts of innovations and patents although increased product market competition in the industry tends to stimulate innovative activity. Furthermore, the impact of innovation on market value is larger for firms with higher market shares. We argue that our results are consistent with models where high market share firms have incentives to pre-emptively innovate. Notes: Keywords: Firm; Firms; Innovation; Manufacturing; Shares; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199911; Copyright: © 1999 Review of Economic Studies Ltd URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0034-6527 Author Address: U College London and Institute for Fiscal Studies Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 669 Author: Blundell, R.; Griffith, R.; Windmeijer, F. Year: 1999 Title of Work: Individual effects and dynamics in count data models Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W99/03 Pages: 32 pages Short Title: Individual effects and dynamics in count data models DOI: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp993.pdf Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Models with Panel Data Longitudinal Data Spatial Time Series C230 Single Equation Models Single Variables: Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models Discrete Regressors C250 Technological Change Research and Development: General O300 Abstract: In this paper we examine the panel data estimation of dynamic models for count data that include correlated fixed effects and predetermined variables. Use of a linear feedback model is advocated, and its properties and estimation results are compared to those of a multiplicative distributed lag model. The standard Poisson conditional maximum likelihood estimator for non-dynamic models, which is shown to be the same as the Poisson maximum likelihood estimator in a model with individual specific constants, is inconsistent when regressors are predetermined. A quasi-differenced GMM estimator is consistent for the parameters in the dynamic model, but when series are highly persistent, there is a problem of weak instrument bias. An estimator is proposed that utilises pre-sample information of the dependent count variable,which is shown in Monte Carlo simulations to possess desirable small sample properties. The models and estimators are applied to data on US patents and R&D expenditure. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709542; Keywords: dynamic count panel data, individual effects, predetermined regressors, Generalised Method of Moments, pre-sample information; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp993.pdf Author Address: UCL and IFS IFS Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 667 Author: Blundell, R.; Griffith, R.; Windmeijer, F. Year: 2000 Title of Work: Individual effects and dynamics in count data models Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers Short Title: Individual effects and dynamics in count data models Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709610; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 668 Author: Blundell, R.; Griffith, R.; Windmeijer, F. Year: 2002 Title: Individual Effects and Dynamics in Count Data Models Journal: Journal of Econometrics Volume: 108 Issue: 1 Pages: 113-131 Short Title: Individual Effects and Dynamics in Count Data Models ISSN: 03044076 DOI: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03044076 Accession Number: 0608957 Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Models with Panel Data Longitudinal Data Spatial Time Series C230 Single Equation Models Single Variables: Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models Discrete Regressors C250 Intellectual Property Rights O340 Management of Technological Innovation and R&D O320 Abstract: In this paper we examine the panel data estimation of dynamic models for count data that include correlated fixed effects and predetermined variables. Use of a linear feedback model is proposed. A quasi-differenced GMM estimator is consistent for the parameters in the dynamic model, but when series are highly persistent, there is a problem of weak instrument bias. An estimator is proposed that utilises pre-sample information of the dependent count variable, which is shown in Monte Carlo simulations to possess desirable small sample properties. The models and estimators are applied to data on US patents and R&D expenditure. Notes: Keywords: Count Data; Estimation; GMM Estimators; Panel Data; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200207 URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03044076 Author Address: U College London Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 81 Author: Blundell, R.; Preston, I.; Walker, I. Year: 1994 Title: An Introduction to Applied Welfare Analysis Editor: R. Blundell, I. Preston and I. Walker Book Title: The measurement of household welfare Publisher: Cambridge; New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press Pages: 1-50 Short Title: An Introduction to Applied Welfare Analysis Keywords: Welfare Economics: General D600 Notes: Accession Number: 0416101; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-521-45195-7; Keywords: Welfare; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199707 Author Address: U College London and Institute for Fiscal Studies U Keele and Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Record Number: 1358 Author: Blundell, R.; Preston, I.; Walker, I. e. Year: 1994 Title: The measurement of household welfare Publisher: Cambridge; New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press Number of Pages: ix Short Title: The measurement of household welfare Keywords: Measurement and Analysis of Poverty I320 Fertility Family Planning Child Care Children Youth J130 Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions D310 Abstract: Ten papers introduce recent developments in literature concerned with the measurement of welfare, concentrating on individual welfare measurement. Papers discuss measuring the cost of children; the collective approach to household behavior; ordinal and cardinal utility; the determination of welfare in nonintact families; female labor supply, housework, and family welfare; Engel equivalence scales in Sri Lanka; measuring the life-cycle consumption costs of children; family fortunes in the 1970s and 1980s; ethically-consistent welfare prescriptions; and the effect of systematic misperception of income on subjective poverty line. Blundell and Preston are at University College London and the Institute for Fiscal Studies. Walker is at the University of Keele and the Institute for Fiscal Studies. Name and subject indexes. Notes: Accession Number: 0353341; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-521-45195-7; Keywords: Children; Welfare; Publication Type: Book; Update Code: 199507 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 10 Author: Blundell, R.; Walker, I. Year: 1984 Title: A Household Production Specification of Demographic Variables in Demand Analysis Journal: Economic Journal Volume: 94 Pages: 59-68 Short Title: A Household Production Specification of Demographic Variables in Demand Analysis ISSN: 00130133 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Accession Number: 0146816 Alternate Accession Number: EP4533178 Keywords: Demographic Economics 8410 Consumer Economics--Living Standards, Composition of Overall Expenditures, and Empirical Consumption and Savings Studies 9211 Notes: Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199006; Copyright: Copyright of Economic Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 12 Author: Blundell, R.; Walker, I. Year: 1986 Title: A Life-Cycle Consistent Empirical Model of Family Labour Supply Using Cross-Section Data Journal: Review of Economic Studies Volume: 53 Issue: 4 Pages: 539-558 Short Title: A Life-Cycle Consistent Empirical Model of Family Labour Supply Using Cross-Section Data ISSN: 00346527 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0034-6527 Accession Number: 0198200 Alternate Accession Number: EP4624364 Keywords: Labor Force--General 8130 Labor Economics: Theory and Empirical Studies Illustrating Theory 8210 Notes: Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199006; Copyright: © 1986 Review of Economic Studies Ltd URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0034-6527 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 559 Author: Bollerslev, T. Year: 1994 Title: Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity Editor: A. Harvey Book Title: Time series. Volume 2. Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Econometrics, vol. 5. Aldershot, U.K.: Elgar; distributed in the U.S. by Ashgate, Brookfield, Vt. Pages: 252-272 Short Title: Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity Reprint Edition: [1986] Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Notes: Accession Number: 0418862; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-662-0; Keywords: Autoregressive; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199707 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 148 Author: Bond, E. W. Year: 1993 Title: Capital Market Imperfections and the Infant Industry Argument for Protection Editor: W. J. Ethier, E. Helpman and J. P. Neary Book Title: Theory, policy and dynamics in international trade: Essays in honor of Ronald W. Jones Publisher: Cambridge; New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press Pages: 191-212 Short Title: Capital Market Imperfections and the Infant Industry Argument for Protection Keywords: Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 Notes: Accession Number: 0406605; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-521-43442-4; Keywords: Infant Industry; Protection; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Festschrift: Jones, Ronald W.; Update Code: 199704 Author Address: PA State U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 195 Author: Bond, S. Year: 2006 Title: Company Taxation Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, R. Harrison and D. Miles Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2006 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies in collaboration with Morgan Stanley Pages: 164-171 Short Title: Company Taxation Keywords: Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 International Fiscal Issues International Public Goods H870 Notes: Accession Number: 0925448; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-903274-44-3; Keywords: Taxation; Geographic Descriptors: EU; G-7; U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200708 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1195 Author: Bond, S. Year: 2007 Title: Taxation of Multinationals and the ECJ Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, A. Leicester and D. Miles Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2007 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Pages: 178-186 Short Title: Taxation of Multinationals and the ECJ Keywords: Multinational Firms International Business F230 Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 International Fiscal Issues International Public Goods H870 Notes: Accession Number: 0973604; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-48-4; Keywords: Multinational; Taxation; Geographic Descriptors: EU; U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200806 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies and Oxford U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 249 Author: Bond, S.; Bowsher, C.; Windmeijer, F. Year: 2001 Title: Criterion-Based Inference for GMM in Autoregressive Panel Data Models Journal: Economics Letters Volume: 73 Issue: 3 Pages: 379-388 Short Title: Criterion-Based Inference for GMM in Autoregressive Panel Data Models ISSN: 01651765 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505574/description#description Accession Number: 0599398 Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Models with Panel Data Longitudinal Data Spatial Time Series C230 Abstract: In this paper we examine the properties of a simple criterion-based, likelihood ratio type test of parameter restrictions for standard GMM estimators in autoregressive panel data models. A comparison is made with recent test proposals based on the continuously-updated GMM criterion (1996) or exponential tilting parameters (1998). The likelihood ratio type statistic is computed simply as the difference between the standard GMM tests of overidentifying restrictions in the restricted and unrestricted models. In Monte Carlo simulations we find this test has similar properties to the two criterion-based alternatives, whilst being much simpler to compute. All three criterion-based tests outperform conventional Wald tests in this context. Notes: Keywords: GMM Estimators; Panel Data; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200204 URL: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505574/description#description Author Address: Inst for Fiscal Studies, London and Nuffield College, Oxford Nuffield College, Oxford Institute for Fiscal Studies, London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 250 Author: Bond, S.; Bowsher, C.; Windmeijer, F. Year: 2001 Title of Work: Criterion-based inference for GMM in autoregressive panel-data models Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W01/02 Pages: 15 pages Short Title: Criterion-based inference for GMM in autoregressive panel-data models DOI: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp0102.pdf Keywords: Hypothesis Testing: General C120 Single Equation Models Single Variables: Models with Panel Data Longitudinal Data Spatial Time Series C230 Abstract: In this paper we examine the properties of a simple criterion-based, likelihood ratio type test of parameter restristions for standard GMM estimators in autoregressive panel data models. A comparison is made with recent test proposals based in the continuously-updated GMM criterion (Hansen, Heaton and Yaron, 1996) or exponential tilting parameters (Imbens, Spady and Johnson, 1998). The likelihood ratio type statistic is computed simply as the difference between the standard GMM tests of overidentifying restrictions in the restricted and unrestricted models. In Monte Carlo simulations we find thsi test had similar properties to the criterion-based alternatives, whilst being much simpler to compute. All three criterion-based tests outperform conventional Wald tests in this context. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709494; Keywords: Generalised Method of Moments; Hypothesis testing; Panel data.; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp0102.pdf Author Address: IFS and Nuffield College, Oxford Nuffield College, Oxford IFS Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 193 Author: Bond, S.; Chennells, L.; Devereux, M. Year: 1995 Title: Company Dividends and Taxes in the UK Journal: Fiscal Studies Volume: 16 Issue: 3 Pages: 1-18 Short Title: Company Dividends and Taxes in the UK ISSN: 01435671 DOI: http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0143-5671 Accession Number: 0368183 Keywords: Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Tax Law K340 Notes: Keywords: Taxes; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199512 URL: http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0143-5671 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies and Nuffield College, Oxford Institute for Fiscal Studies Keele U and Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 822 Author: Bond, S.; Cummins, J. Year: 2001 Title of Work: Noisy share prices and the Q model of investment Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W01/22 Pages: 38 pages Short Title: Noisy share prices and the Q model of investment DOI: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp0122.pdf Keywords: Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Investment, or Financing D920 Capital Investment Capacity E220 Abstract: We consider to what extent the empirical failings of the Q model of investment can be attributed to the use of share prices to measure average q. We show that the usual empirical formulation may fail to identify the Q model when stock market valuations deviate from the present value of expected net distributions in ways that are consistent with weak and semi-strong forms of the Efficient Markets Hypothesis. We show that the structural parameters of the Q model can stil be identified in this case using a direct estimate of the firm's fundamental value, and implement this using data on securities analysts' earnings forecasts for a large sample of publicly traded US firms. Our empirical results suggest that stock market valuations deviate significantly from fundamental values. Controlling for this, we find no evidence that the Q model of investment is seriously misspecified. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709474; Keywords: investment, Tobin's Q.; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp0122.pdf Author Address: IFS and Nuffield College, Oxford Division of Research and Statistics, Federal Reserve Board Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 146 Author: Bond, S.; Denny, K.; Devereux, M. Year: 1993 Title: Capital Allowances and the Impact of Corporation Tax on Investment in the UK Journal: Fiscal Studies Volume: 14 Issue: 2 Pages: 1-14 Short Title: Capital Allowances and the Impact of Corporation Tax on Investment in the UK ISSN: 01435671 DOI: http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0143-5671 Accession Number: 0298490 Keywords: Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Firm H320 Notes: Keywords: Tax; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199403 URL: http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0143-5671 Author Address: Nuffield College and Institute for Fiscal Studies, UK U College, Dublin and Institute for Fiscal Studies, UK Keele U, Institute for Fiscal Studies, UK, and Bank of England Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 366 Author: Bond, S.; Devereux, M. Year: 1990 Title: Economic Analysis and Company Accounts Journal: Investigaciones Economicas Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Pages: 47-62 Short Title: Economic Analysis and Company Accounts DOI: http://www.funep.es/invecon/ Accession Number: 0234475 Keywords: Business Investment 5220 Business Finance 5210 Accounting 5410 Microdata and Database Analysis 2290 Abstract: Company accounts provide a rich data source for the analysis of many economic issues. However, accounting conventions are often at variance with the most relevant procedures for economic analysis. This paper discusses three such problems: the measurement of profit, the valuation of the capital stock and the size of tax payments. It also provides an example of the use to which corrected company accounting data can be put, namely the estimation of a model of company investment. Notes: Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199012 URL: http://www.funep.es/invecon/ Author Address: U Oxford and IFS IFS Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 849 Author: Bond, S.; Devereux, M. Year: 2000 Title of Work: On the design of a neutral business tax under uncertainty Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers Short Title: On the design of a neutral business tax under uncertainty Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709658; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 680 Author: Bond, S.; Devereux, M.; Freeman, H. Year: 1990 Title: Inflation Non-neutralities in the U.K. Corporation Tax Journal: Fiscal Studies Volume: 11 Issue: 4 Pages: 21-28 Short Title: Inflation Non-neutralities in the U.K. Corporation Tax ISSN: 01435671 DOI: http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0143-5671 Accession Number: 0241956 Notes: Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199106 URL: http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0143-5671 Author Address: Nuffield College, Oxford and Institute for Fiscal Studies Keele U and Institute for Fiscal Studies Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 493 Author: Bond, S.; Elston, J.; Mairesse, J.; Mulkay, B. Year: 1997 Title of Work: Financial Factors and Investment in Belgium, France, Germany and the UK:A Comparison Using Company Panel Data Institution: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, NBER Working Papers: 5900 Short Title: Financial Factors and Investment in Belgium, France, Germany and the UK:A Comparison Using Company Panel Data DOI: http://www.nber.org/papers/w5900.pdf Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Models with Panel Data Longitudinal Data Spatial Time Series C230 Firm Behavior: Theory D210 Abstract: We construct company panel datasets for manufacturing firms in Belgium, France, Germany and the UK, covering the period 1978-89. These datasets are used to estimate a range of empirical investment equations, and to investigate the role played by financial factors in each country. A robust finding is that cash flow or profits terms appear to be both statistically and quantitatively more significant in the UK than in the three continental European countries. This is consistent with the suggestion that financial constraints on investment may be relatively severe in the more market-oriented UK financial system. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0718189; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w5900.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 491 Author: Bond, S.; Elston, J.; Mairesse, J.; Mulkay, B. Year: 2000 Title of Work: Financial factors and investment in Belgium, France, Germany and the UK: A comparison using company panel data Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers Short Title: Financial factors and investment in Belgium, France, Germany and the UK: A comparison using company panel data Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709575; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 492 Author: Bond, S.; Elston, J. A.; Mairesse, J.; Mulkay, B. Year: 2005 Title of Work: Financial Factors and Investment in Belgium, France, Germany and the UK: A Comparison using Company Panel Data Institution: Centre de Recherche en Economie et Statistique, Working Papers Short Title: Financial Factors and Investment in Belgium, France, Germany and the UK: A Comparison using Company Panel Data DOI: http://www.crest.fr/content/blogcategory/21/54/ Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1031909; Keywords: optimal matching; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200905 URL: http://www.crest.fr/content/blogcategory/21/54/ Author Address: Unlisted Crest Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Record Number: 232 Author: Bond, S.; et al. Year: 2000 Title: Corporate tax harmonization in Europe: A guide to the debate Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Number of Pages: xi Short Title: Corporate tax harmonization in Europe: A guide to the debate Keywords: International Fiscal Issues International Public Goods H870 Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Abstract: Sheds light on the complex debate over the present state of corporate income tax systems within Europe and their future. Describes the main features of the corporate income taxes currently in operation within the European Union, highlighting some of the more important differences between countries. Discusses recent trends in corporate tax rates and in government revenues from taxes on corporate income. Presents relevant aspects of the economics of the taxation of international capital income. Examines potential costs or distortions arising from the lack of corporate-income-tax harmonization in Europe. Discusses the concept of "harmful" tax competition and assesses the international tax coordination initiatives that are being attempted within the European Union. Considers possible future developments within European corporate tax systems. Coauthors are Lucy Chennells, Michael P. Devereux, Malcolm Gammie, and Edward Troup. Bond is Director of the Corporate Sector Research Programme at the Institute for Fiscal Studies. No index. Notes: Accession Number: 0553059; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-873357-96-6; Keywords: Income Tax; Revenue; Tax System; Tax; Taxation; Taxes; Publication Type: Book; Update Code: 200102 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 494 Author: Bond, S.; et al. Year: 2003 Title: Financial Factors and Investment in Belgium, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom: A Comparison Using Company Panel Data Journal: Review of Economics and Statistics Volume: 85 Issue: 1 Pages: 153-165 Short Title: Financial Factors and Investment in Belgium, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom: A Comparison Using Company Panel Data ISSN: 00346535 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/rest Accession Number: 0643460 Alternate Accession Number: EP9133101 Keywords: Capital Budgeting Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies G310 Financing Policy Financial Risk and Risk Management Capital and Ownership Structure G320 Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General L600 Abstract: We construct company panel data sets for manufacturing firms in Belgium, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom, covering the period 1978-89. These data sets are used to estimate empirical investment equations, and to investigate the role played by financial factors in each country. A robust finding is that cash flow and profits terms appear to be both statistically and quantitatively more significant in the United Kingdom than in the three continental European countries. This is consistent with the suggestion that financial constraints on investment may be relatively severe in the more market-oriented U.K. financial system. Notes: Keywords: Firm; Investment; Manufacturing; Geographic Descriptors: Belgium; France; Germany; U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200305; Copyright: Copyright of Review of Economics & Statistics is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/rest Author Address: Nuffield College, U Oxford Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1180 Author: Bond, S.; Gammie, M.; Whiting, J. Year: 2006 Title: Tax Avoidance Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, R. Harrison and D. Miles Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2006 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies in collaboration with Morgan Stanley Pages: 172-179 Short Title: Tax Avoidance Keywords: Tax Evasion H260 Notes: Accession Number: 0925449; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-903274-44-3; Keywords: Tax; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200708 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Tax Law Review Committee Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 733 Author: Bond, S.; Harhoff, D.; Reenen, J. V. Year: 1999 Title of Work: Investment, R&D and financial constraints in Britain and Germany Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W99/05 Pages: 51 pages Short Title: Investment, R&D and financial constraints in Britain and Germany DOI: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/bhvr26.pdf Keywords: Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets L130 Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives O310 Single Equation Models Single Variables: Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models Discrete Regressors C250 Abstract: This paper tests for the importance of cash flow on investment in fixed capital and R&D using firm-level panel data in two countries. For German firms, cash flow is not informative in simple econometric models of fixed investment or R&D. In identical specifications for British firms, cash flow is informative about investment, although not about the level of R&D spending conditional on the R&D participation decision. In the UK, we also find that investment is less sensitive to cash flow for R&D-performing firms, and that cash flow predicts whether firms perform R&D or not. We confirm that these differences do not simply reflect a greater role for current cash flow in forecasting future sales. These results suggest that financial constraints are more significant in Britain, that they affect the decision to engage in R&D rather than the level of R&D spending by participants, and that consequently the British firms that do engage in R&D are a self-selected group where financing constraints tend to be less binding. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709540; Keywords: Investment, R&D, cash flow, financial constraints, panel data; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/bhvr26.pdf Author Address: Nuffield College, Oxford and IFS Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung and University of Mannheim. UCL and IFS Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 231 Author: Bond, S.; Harhoff, D.; Reenen, J. V. Year: 2003 Title of Work: Corporate R&D and Productivity in Germany and the United Kingdom Institution: Centre for Economic Performance, LSE, CEP Discussion Papers Short Title: Corporate R&D and Productivity in Germany and the United Kingdom DOI: http://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/dp0599.pdf Keywords: Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets L130 Single Equation Models Single Variables: Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models Discrete Regressors C250 Abstract: This paper analyzes differences in R&D spending and in the impact of R&D on productivity betweenGerman and UK firms. We confirm that German firms spend significantly larger amounts on R&D thantheir UK counterparts, even after controlling for firm size and industry effects. Using a dynamicproduction function approach, we find that the R&D output elasticity is approximately the same in bothcountries, implying a much larger rate of return on R&D in the UK than in Germany. We discuss severalexplanations for this result. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0760297; Keywords: Corporate governance, R&D, productivity, financial constraints, panel data; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200501 URL: http://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/dp0599.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 734 Author: Bond, S.; Harhoff, D.; Reenen, J. V. Year: 2003 Title of Work: Investment, R&D and Financial Constraints in Britain and Germany Institution: Centre for Economic Performance, LSE, CEP Discussion Papers Short Title: Investment, R&D and Financial Constraints in Britain and Germany DOI: http://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/dp0595.pdf Keywords: Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets L130 Single Equation Models Single Variables: Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models Discrete Regressors C250 Abstract: This paper analyzes differences in R&D spending and in the impact of R&Don productivity between German and UK firms. We confirm that German firms spend significantly larger amounts on R&D than their UK counterparts, even aftercontrolling for firm size and industry effects. Using a dynamic production functionapproach, we find that the R&D output elasticity is approximately the same inboth countries, implying a much larger rate of return on R&D in the UK than inGermany. We discuss several explanations for this result. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0760301; Keywords: Corporate governance, R&D, productivity, financial constraints, paneldata; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200501 URL: http://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/dp0595.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 732 Author: Bond, S.; Harhoff, D.; Van Reenen, J. Year: 2005 Title: Investment, R&D and Financial Constraints in Britain and Germany Journal: Annales d'Economie et de Statistique Issue: 79-80 Pages: 433-460 Short Title: Investment, R&D and Financial Constraints in Britain and Germany ISSN: 0769489X DOI: http://annales.ensae.fr/ Accession Number: 1134762 Keywords: Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Financing, Investment, and Capacity D920 Capital Budgeting Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies Capacity G310 Financing Policy Financial Risk and Risk Management Capital and Ownership Structure G320 Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope L250 Management of Technological Innovation and R&D O320 Abstract: This paper tests for the importance of cash flow on investment in fixed capital and R&D using firm-level panel data in two countries between 1985 and 1994. For German firms, cash flow is not informative in simple econometric models of fixed investment or R&D. In identical specifications for British firms, cash flow is informative about investment, although not about the level of R&D spending conditional on the R&D participation decision. In the UK, we also find that investment is less sensitive to cash flow for R&D-performing firms, and that cash flow predicts whether firms perform R&D or not. We confirm that these differences do not simply reflect a greater role for current cash flow in forecasting future sales. These results suggest that financial constraints are more significant in Britain, that they affect the decision to engage in R&D rather than the level of R&D spending by participants, and that consequently the British firms that do engage in R&D are a self-selected group where financing constraints tend to be less binding. Notes: Keywords: Capital; Financing; Firm; Firm Level; Firms; Investment; R&D; Geographic Descriptors: Germany; U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201011 URL: http://annales.ensae.fr/ Author Address: Nuffield College, U Oxford U Munich London School of Economics Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 196 Author: Bond, S.; Harrison, R.; Hawkins, M.; Klemm, A.; Simpson, H. Year: 2003 Title: Company Taxation and Innovation Policy Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson and H. Simpson Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2003 Publisher: Commentary 92. London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Pages: 64-84 Short Title: Company Taxation and Innovation Policy Keywords: Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Management of Technological Innovation and R&D O320 Technological Change: Government Policy O380 Notes: Accession Number: 0784661; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-903274-29-X; Keywords: Innovation; Taxation; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200508 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 562 Author: Bond, S.; Hoeffler, A.; Temple, J. Year: 2001 Title of Work: GMM Estimation of Empirical Growth Models Institution: Economics Group, Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Economics Papers: 2001-W21 Pages: 35 pages Short Title: GMM Estimation of Empirical Growth Models DOI: http://www.nuff.ox.ac.uk/Economics/papers/2001/w21/bht10.pdf Keywords: One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models O410 Measurement of Economic Growth Aggregate Productivity Cross-Country Output Convergence O470 Abstract: This paper highlights a problem in using the first-difference GMM panel data estimator cross-country growth regressions. When the time series are persistent, the first-differenced GMM estimator can be poorly behaved, since lagged levels of the series provide only weak instruments for subsequent first-differences. Revisiting the work of Caselli, Esquivel and Lefort (1996), we show that this problem may be serious in practice. We suggest using a more efficient GMM estimator that exploits stationarity restrictions, and this approach is shown to give more reasonable results than first-differenced GMM in our estimation of an empirical growth model. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0846372; Keywords: convergence, growth, generalised method of moments, weak instruments.; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200606 URL: http://www.nuff.ox.ac.uk/Economics/papers/2001/w21/bht10.pdf Author Address: Nuffield College and Institute for Fiscal Studies St Antony's College and Centre for the Study of African Economics Department of Economics, University of Bristol Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 731 Author: Bond, S.; Jenkinson, T. Year: 2000 Title: Investment Performance and Policy Editor: T. Jenkinson Book Title: Readings in macroeconomics Publisher: Second edition. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 148-170 Short Title: Investment Performance and Policy Keywords: Capital Investment Capacity E220 Notes: Accession Number: 0729537; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-19-877629-2; Keywords: Investment; Geographic Descriptors: Germany; Japan; U.K.; U.S.; Geographic Region: Europe; Asia; Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200405 Author Address: Nuffield College, U Oxford and Institute for Fiscal Studies Keble College, U Oxford Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1411 Author: Bond, S.; Klemm, A.; Newton-Smith, R.; Syed, M.; Vlieghe, G. Year: 2004 Title: The roles of expected profitability, Tobin's Q and cash flow in econometric models of company investment Volume: 44 Issue: 3 Pages: 323-323 Short Title: The roles of expected profitability, Tobin's Q and cash flow in econometric models of company investment ISSN: 00055166 Accession Number: EP14559322 Notes: Publication Type: Article; Copyright: Copyright of Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin is the property of Bank of England Bulletin Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 194 Author: Bond, S.; Klemm, A.; Simpson, H. Year: 2004 Title: Company Taxation Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson and Z. Oldfield Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2004 Publisher: Commentary 95. London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Pages: 75-84 Short Title: Company Taxation Keywords: Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Labor Demand J230 Notes: Accession Number: 0796633; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-903274-36-2; Keywords: Taxation; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200510 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1473 Author: Bond, S.; Lombardi, D. Year: 2004 Title of Work: To Buy or Not to Buy? Uncertainty, Irreversibility and Heterogeneous Investment Dynamics in Italian Company Data Institution: International Monetary Fund, IMF Working Papers: 04/104 Pages: 28 pages Short Title: To Buy or Not to Buy? Uncertainty, Irreversibility and Heterogeneous Investment Dynamics in Italian Company Data DOI: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2004/wp04104.pdf Abstract: This study tests for the presence of real options effects induced by uncertainty and (partial) irreversibility on fixed capital investment using Italian company data. The approach recognizes that firm-level investment spending may, itself, be aggregated over multiple investment decisions in separate types of capital goods and emphasizes effects of uncertainty on short-run investment dynamics. Using a survey-based measure of uncertainty related to the assessment of managers responsible for the firms' investment plans, the study finds evidence of heterogeneous and nonlinear dynamics pointing to a slower adjustment of investment in response to demand shocks at higher levels of uncertainty. The results also point to an additional source of nonlinearity originating from a convex response of investment to demand shocks. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0799374; Keywords: Investment incentives, Italy, Economic models,; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200511 URL: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2004/wp04104.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 351 Author: Bond, S.; Meghir, C. Year: 1994 Title: Dynamic Investment Models and the Firm's Financial Policy Journal: Review of Economic Studies Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Pages: 197-222 Short Title: Dynamic Investment Models and the Firm's Financial Policy ISSN: 00346527 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0034-6527 Accession Number: 0327646 Alternate Accession Number: EP9502074314 Keywords: Capital Budgeting Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies G310 Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Investment, or Financing D920 Abstract: In this paper, the authors investigate the sensitivity of investment to the availability of internal funds using the hierarchy of finance approach to corporate finance. They characterize the empirical implications of this approach for dynamic investment models and test these implications using firm-level data. The model the authors estimate is based on the Eulet equation for optimal capital accumulation in the presence of convex adjustment costs. The theoretical model explicitly allows for debt finance and financial assets. The empirical investigation uses U.K. company panel data to estimate dynamic investment models using generalized method of moments and tests the derived implications. Notes: Keywords: Capital Accumulation; Corporate Finance; Finance; Firm Level; Firm; Firms; Investment; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199409; Copyright: © 1994 Review of Economic Studies Ltd URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0034-6527 Author Address: Nuffield College, Oxford and IFS IFS and U College London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 487 Author: Bond, S.; Meghir, C. Year: 1994 Title: Financial Constraints and Company Investment Journal: Fiscal Studies Volume: 15 Issue: 2 Pages: 1-18 Short Title: Financial Constraints and Company Investment ISSN: 01435671 DOI: http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0143-5671 Accession Number: 0330385 Keywords: Capital Budgeting Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies G310 Notes: Keywords: Investment; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199412 URL: http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0143-5671 Author Address: IFS and Nuffield College, Oxford IFS and U College London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 62 Author: Bond, S.; Soderbom, M. Year: 2005 Title of Work: Adjustment Costs and the Identification of Cobb Douglas Production Functions Institution: Economics Group, Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Economics Papers: 2005-W04 Pages: 28 pages Short Title: Adjustment Costs and the Identification of Cobb Douglas Production Functions DOI: http://www.nuff.ox.ac.uk/economics/papers/2005/W4/bsprod_jan31.pdf Abstract: Cobb Douglas production function parameters are not identified from cross-section variation when inputs are perfectly flexible and chosen optimally, and input prices are common to all firms. We consider the role of adjustment costs for inputs in identifying these parameters in this context. The presence of adjustment costs for all inputs allows production function parameters to be identified, even in the absence of variation in input prices. This source of identification appears to be quite fragile when adjustment costs are deterministic, but more useful in the case of stochastic adjustment costs. We illustrate these issues using simulated production data. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0846455; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200606 URL: http://www.nuff.ox.ac.uk/economics/papers/2005/W4/bsprod_jan31.pdf Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies and Nuffield College, Oxford Centre for the Study of African Economies, Department of Economcis, University of Oxford, and Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1257 Author: Bond, S.; Wakefield, M. Year: 2003 Title: The Distributional Effects of Fiscal Reforms Since 1997 Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson and H. Simpson Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2003 Publisher: Commentary 92. London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Pages: 112-128 Short Title: The Distributional Effects of Fiscal Reforms Since 1997 Keywords: Fiscal Policy E620 Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General H200 National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General H500 Notes: Accession Number: 0784664; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-903274-29-X; ; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200508 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 961 Author: Bond, S.; Windmeijer, F. Year: 2002 Title: Projection Estimators for Autoregressive Panel Data Models Journal: Econometrics Journal Volume: 5 Issue: 2 Pages: 457-479 Short Title: Projection Estimators for Autoregressive Panel Data Models ISSN: 13684221 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1368-4221 Accession Number: 0636811 Alternate Accession Number: EP7725778 Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Models with Panel Data Longitudinal Data Spatial Time Series C230 Abstract: In this paper we explore a new approach to estimation for autoregressive panel data models, based on projecting the unobserved individual effects on the vector of observations on the lagged dependent variable. This approach yields estimators which coincide with known generalized method of moments estimators for models where stationarity is not imposed on the initial conditions and for models which satisfy mean stationarity. Our approach allows us to obtain a simple linear estimator for models which satisfy covariance stationarity, which although not fully efficient performs very well in simulations. Notes: Keywords: Estimation; Panel Data; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200304; Copyright: Copyright of Econometrics Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1368-4221 Author Address: Nuffield College, U Oxford CEMMAP, Institute for Fiscal Studies, London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1020 Author: Bond, S.; Windmeijer, F. Year: 2005 Title: Reliable Inference for GMM Estimators? Finite Sample Properties of Alternative Test Procedures in Linear Panel Data Models Journal: Econometric Reviews Volume: 24 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-37 Short Title: Reliable Inference for GMM Estimators? Finite Sample Properties of Alternative Test Procedures in Linear Panel Data Models ISSN: 07474938 DOI: http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0747-4938 Accession Number: 0776258 Alternate Accession Number: EP16602964 Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Models with Panel Data Longitudinal Data Spatial Time Series C230 Abstract: We compare the finite sample performance of a range of tests of linear restrictions for linear panel data models estimated using the generalized method of moments (GMM). These include standard asymptotic Wald tests based on one-step and two-step GMM estimators; two bootstrapped versions of these Wald tests; a version of the two-step Wald test that uses a finite sample corrected estimate of the variance of the two-step GMM estimator; the LM test; and three criterion-based tests that have recently been proposed. We consider both the AR(1) panel model and a design with predetermined regressors. The corrected two-step Wald test performs similarly to the standard one-step Wald test, whilst the bootstrapped one-step Wald test, the LM test, and a simple criterion-difference test can provide more reliable finite sample inference in some cases. Notes: Keywords: GMM Estimators; Panel Data; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200506; Copyright: Copyright of Econometric Reviews is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0747-4938 Author Address: Nuffield College, U Oxford and Institute for Fiscal Studies Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice, London and Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1138 Author: Bond, S. R. Year: 1988 Title: Stabilization Policy, Expected Output and Employment Journal: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Pages: 139-158 Short Title: Stabilization Policy, Expected Output and Employment ISSN: 03059049 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0305-9049 Accession Number: 0213406 Alternate Accession Number: EP5135118 Keywords: Stabilization Theories and Policies 1331 Labor Force--Manufacturing 8132 Employment Studies, Unemployment and Vacancies Retirements and Quits 8243 Abstract: This paper investigates the relationship between stabilization policy and the cyclical behavior of employment. A policy regime that is less committed to maintaining a high level of real activity may induce a destabilizing response, causing rational employers to shed more labor during a recession. This expectational effect increases the output costs of an anti-inflationary policy. This hypothesis is tested with reference to the Thatcher policy experiment. An econometric model of U.K. manufacturing employment, which incorporates forward-looking output expectations, is found to forecast the collapse of employment after 1979 tolerably well. Its failure when expected output is omitted suggests that this effect is quantitatively significant. Notes: Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199006; Copyright: Copyright of Oxford Bulletin of Economics & Statistics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0305-9049 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 783 Author: Bond, S. R. Year: 2000 Title: Levelling Up or Levelling Down? Some Reflections on the ACE and CBIT Proposals, and the Future of the Corporate Tax Base Editor: S. Cnossen Book Title: Taxing capital income in the European Union: Issues and options for reform Publisher: Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 161-179 Short Title: Levelling Up or Levelling Down? Some Reflections on the ACE and CBIT Proposals, and the Future of the Corporate Tax Base Keywords: Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 International Fiscal Issues International Public Goods H870 Multinational Firms International Business F230 Notes: Accession Number: 0641133; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-19-829783-1; Keywords: Tax; Geographic Descriptors: OECD; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200305 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies and Nuffield College, U Oxford Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1201 Author: Bond, S. R.; Chennella, L.; Devereux, M. P. Year: 2000 Title of Work: Taxes and company dividends: a microeconometric investigation exploiting cross-section variation in taxes Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers Short Title: Taxes and company dividends: a microeconometric investigation exploiting cross-section variation in taxes Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709614; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1200 Author: Bond, S. R.; Chennells, L.; Devereux, M. P. Year: 1996 Title: Taxes and Company Dividends: A Microeconometric Investigation Exploiting Cross-Section Variation in Taxes Journal: Economic Journal Volume: 106 Issue: 435 Pages: 320-333 Short Title: Taxes and Company Dividends: A Microeconometric Investigation Exploiting Cross-Section Variation in Taxes ISSN: 00130133 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Accession Number: 0384830 Alternate Accession Number: EP9604030757 Keywords: Payout Policy G350 Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Firm H320 Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Abstract: The authors use panel data for 1,218 U.K. industrial and commercial companies between 1970 and 1990 to investigate whether dividends are affected by taxes. Cross-section variation in the tax cost of paying dividends results from surplus advance corporation tax affecting some firms during this period. Observations on firms moving into and out of surplus advanced corporation tax allow them to identify the effect of taxes while controlling for unobserved firm-specific influences. The authors' results suggest that the tax cost has a statistically significant and quantitatively important influence on dividends. Notes: Keywords: Dividend; Firm; Firms; Tax; Taxes; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199607; Copyright: Copyright of Economic Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Author Address: Nuffield College, Oxford and IFS IFS Keele U and IFS Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1414 Author: Bond, S. R.; Cummins, J. G. Year: 2000 Title: The Stock Market and Investment in the New Economy: Some Tangible Facts and Intangible Fictions Journal: Brookings Papers on Economic Activity Issue: 1 Pages: 61-108 Short Title: The Stock Market and Investment in the New Economy: Some Tangible Facts and Intangible Fictions ISSN: 00072303 DOI: http://www.brookings.edu/press/journals.aspx Accession Number: 0549866 Alternate Accession Number: EP3600252 Keywords: Capital Budgeting Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies G310 Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy E440 Capital Investment Capacity E220 Abstract: We address whether the increase in the stock market reflects the growing role of intangible capital in generating profits (that is, the birth of the New Economy) or a persistent and broadly-based increase in the market valuation of companies relative to their fundamental value. We introduce a new approach based on the Q model of investment that is rich enough to encompass both these possibilities. We then study investment behavior, in both tangible and intangible capital, and assess whether it is consistent with one or both explanations. Although we can identify a limited role for intangible investment, we find no evidence that it accounts for the spectacular rise in the stock market valuation of firms. Our findings suggest that persistent deviations of equity values from firms' fundamental valuations are an important feature of US stock markets in the past 17 years, and that this can account for the weak observed relationship between share prices and investment. Notes: Keywords: Capital; Investment; Q; Stock Market; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200101; Copyright: Copyright of Brookings Papers on Economic Activity is the property of Brookings Institution Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.brookings.edu/press/journals.aspx Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies, London NYU Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1522 Author: Bond, S. R.; Cummins, J. G. Year: 2004 Title of Work: Uncertainty and investment: an empirical investigation using data on analysts' profits forecasts Institution: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), Finance and Economics Discussion Series: 2004-20 Short Title: Uncertainty and investment: an empirical investigation using data on analysts' profits forecasts DOI: http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/feds/2004/200420/200420abs.html Abstract: We investigate the empirical relationship between company investment and measures of uncertainty, controlling for the effect of expected future profitability on current investment decisions. We consider three measures of uncertainty derived from (1) the volatility in the firm's stock returns; (2) disagreement among securities analysts in their forecasts of the firm's future profits; and (3) the variance of forecast errors in analysts' forecasts of the firm's future profits. We consider two controls for expected profitability: (1) a standard measure of Brainard-Tobin's q constructed from the firm's stock market valuation; and (2) an alternative measure of the q ratio constructed from discounted forecasts of the firm's future profits. Our sample consists of publicly-traded U.S. companies that were tracked by two or more securities analysts for at least four consecutive years between 1982 and 1999. The results show that all three measures of uncertainty are positively correlated and appear to pick up underlying movements in uncertainty. When we consider these measures individually, we find a significantly negative long-run effect of higher uncertainty on capital accumulation, which is robust to the inclusion of either of our controls for expected profitability. When we consider our uncertainty measures jointly, we find that the level of disagreement among analysts provides the most informative indicator for identifying this long-run effect of uncertainty on capital accumulation. In addition, we find a significantly negative short-run interaction term between share price volatility and current sales growth, consistent with the idea that investment will respond less to a given demand shock at higher levels of uncertainty. These effects of uncertainty on investment are shown to be quantitatively as well as statistically significant. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0740564; Keywords: Investments; Risk; Uncertainty; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200408 URL: http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/feds/2004/200420/200420abs.html Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 503 Author: Bond, S. R.; Devereux, M. Year: 1988 Title: Financial Volatility, the Stock Market Crash and Corporate Investment Journal: Fiscal Studies Volume: 9 Issue: 2 Pages: 72-80 Short Title: Financial Volatility, the Stock Market Crash and Corporate Investment ISSN: 01435671 DOI: http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0143-5671 Accession Number: 0212240 Keywords: Business Investment 5220 Capital Markets--Empirical Studies, Including Regulation 3132 Notes: Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199006 URL: http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0143-5671 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 848 Author: Bond, S. R.; Devereux, M. P. Year: 1995 Title: On the Design of a Neutral Business Tax under Uncertainty Journal: Journal of Public Economics Volume: 58 Issue: 1 Pages: 57-71 Short Title: On the Design of a Neutral Business Tax under Uncertainty ISSN: 00472727 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Accession Number: 0371497 Keywords: Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Abstract: This paper extends the results of Boadway and Bruce (1984) and Fane (1987) to describe a tax on business profits which is neutral with respect to investment and wind-up decisions, and default outcomes, under uncertainty and bankruptcy risk. The tax base allows deductions for depreciation and the cost of finance, but requires knowledge of neither true economic depreciation nor the firm's required rate of return. We show that the tax must treat taxable profits and losses symmetrically, and that the tax rate must be a known constant, even in the special case when the tax base coincides with the economic rent earned in each period. Notes: Keywords: Depreciation; Tax; Taxable; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199512 URL: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies and Nuffield College Institute for Fiscal Studies and Keele U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 33 Author: Bond, S. R.; Devereux, M. P. Year: 2000 Title of Work: A note on the taxation of capital and economic rents Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers Short Title: A note on the taxation of capital and economic rents Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709607; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 152 Author: Bond, S. R.; Devereux, M. P. Year: 2002 Title of Work: Cash Flow Taxes in an Open Economy Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 3401 Short Title: Cash Flow Taxes in an Open Economy DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3401.asp Keywords: International Investment Long-term Capital Movements F210 Multinational Firms International Business F230 Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Firm H320 International Fiscal Issues International Public Goods H870 Abstract: Academic and policy debates generally consider levying tax on corporate profit on either a residence basis or on a source basis. We explore two alternatives, based on the location of consumption, rather than production - destination-based, as opposed to source-based or residence-based, taxes. We analyse the properties of these taxes, especially with respect to their impact on location decisions and domestic welfare. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0694650; Keywords: corporation tax; investment; location; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3401.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 558 Author: Bond, S. R.; Devereux, M. P. Year: 2003 Title: Generalised R-Based and S-Based Taxes under Uncertainty Journal: Journal of Public Economics Volume: 87 Issue: 5-6 Pages: 1291-1311 Short Title: Generalised R-Based and S-Based Taxes under Uncertainty ISSN: 00472727 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Accession Number: 0653677 Keywords: Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies includes inheritance and gift taxes H240 Tax Evasion H260 Abstract: This paper considers the relationship between two general neutral business tax structures, which we label the "firm tax" and the "shareholder tax." The well-known R-based and S-based cash flow taxes, analysed by, are special cases of these two taxes. We demonstrate the neutrality of both taxes in the presence of uncertainty, and characterise the tax rules required in the event of default and wind-up. Our analysis provides the first proof of the neutrality of the S-based cash flow tax and the Allowance for Corporate Equity (ACE) corporation tax under uncertainty. We also discuss implementation and tax avoidance issues. Notes: Keywords: Business Tax; Tax; Taxes; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200307 URL: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Author Address: Nuttfield College, U Oxford and Institute for Fiscal Studies, London U Warwick and Institute for Fiscal Studies, London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1189 Author: Bond, S. R.; Devereux, M. P.; Gammie, M. J. Year: 1996 Title: Tax Reform to Promote Investment Journal: Oxford Review of Economic Policy Volume: 12 Issue: 2 Pages: 109-117 Date: Summer Short Title: Tax Reform to Promote Investment ISSN: 0266903X DOI: http://oxrep.oxfordjournals.org Accession Number: 0421638 Alternate Accession Number: EP44398953 Keywords: Capital Investment Capacity E220 Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Firm H320 Abstract: In this paper we explain why the current UK corporation tax discourages investment, consider how large this effect is likely to be, and discuss how this tax bias against corporate investment can best be eliminated. The present corporation tax does not raise the cost of capital for all types of investment, but does raise it for investment financed by retained profits. We propose a new corporate to allowance for investment financed by equity (the Allowance for Corporate Equity). This approach not only eliminates the discouragement to investment, hut also reduces or eliminates most other distortions to company behavior that result from the current corporation tax. The new allowance can be partly financed by eliminating the present tax advantages of dividend income for tax-exempt investors, and this may have an additional benefit for investment by removing one source of pressure for high dividend pay-out ratios in the UK. Notes: Keywords: Capital; Investment; Tax; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199707; Copyright: Copyright of Oxford Review of Economic Policy is the property of Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://oxrep.oxfordjournals.org Author Address: Nuffield College, Oxford and Institute for Fiscal Studies Keele U and Institute for Fiscal Studies Linklaters & Paines and Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 304 Author: Bond, S. R.; Devereux, M. P.; Klemm, A. Year: 2007 Title: Dissecting Dividend Decisions: Some Clues about the Effects of Dividend Taxation from Recent UK Reforms Editor: A. J. Auerbach, J. R. Hines, Jr. and J. Slemrod Book Title: Taxing Corporate Income in the 21st Century Publisher: Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press Pages: 41-75 Short Title: Dissecting Dividend Decisions: Some Clues about the Effects of Dividend Taxation from Recent UK Reforms Keywords: Payout Policy G350 Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Firm H320 Notes: Accession Number: 0980725; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-0-521-87022-1; Keywords: Dividend; Taxation; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200807 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies and Nuffield College, Oxford U Warwick and Institute for Fiscal Studies Institute for Fiscal Studies and U College, London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 563 Author: Bond, S. R.; Hoeffler, A.; Temple, J. Year: 2001 Title of Work: GMM Estimation of Empirical Growth Models Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 3048 Short Title: GMM Estimation of Empirical Growth Models DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3048.asp Keywords: One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models O410 Measurement of Economic Growth Aggregate Productivity Cross-Country Output Convergence O470 Abstract: This Paper highlights a problem in using the first-differenced GMM panel data estimator to estimate cross-country growth regressions. When the time series are persistent, the first-differenced GMM estimator can be poorly behaved, since lagged levels of the series provide only weak instruments for subsequent first-differences. Revisiting the work of Caselli, Esquivel and Lefort (1996), we show that this problem may be serious in practice. We suggest using a more efficient GMM estimator that exploits stationarity restrictions and this approach is shown to give more reasonable results than first-differenced GMM in our estimation of an empirical growth model. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0694314; Keywords: convergence; generalized method of moments; growth; weak instruments; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3048.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1237 Author: Bond, S. R.; Jenkinson, T. Year: 1996 Title: The Assessment: Investment Performance and Policy Journal: Oxford Review of Economic Policy Volume: 12 Issue: 2 Pages: 1-29 Date: Summer Short Title: The Assessment: Investment Performance and Policy ISSN: 0266903X DOI: http://oxrep.oxfordjournals.org Accession Number: 0421633 Alternate Accession Number: EP44398948 Keywords: Capital Investment Capacity E220 Notes: Keywords: Investment; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; U.K.; Japan; Germany; Geographic Region: Northern America; Europe; Asia; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199707; Copyright: Copyright of Oxford Review of Economic Policy is the property of Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://oxrep.oxfordjournals.org Author Address: Nuffield College, Oxford and Institute for Fiscal Studies Keble College, Oxford Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1474 Author: Bond, S. R.; Lomardi, D. Year: 2006 Title: To Buy or Not to Buy? Uncertainty, Irreversibility, and Heterogeneous Investment Dynamics in Italian Company Data Journal: IMF Staff Papers Volume: 53 Issue: 3 Pages: 375-400 Short Title: To Buy or Not to Buy? Uncertainty, Irreversibility, and Heterogeneous Investment Dynamics in Italian Company Data ISSN: 10207635 DOI: http://www.palgrave-journals.com/imfsp/index.html Accession Number: 0893480 Alternate Accession Number: EP23794036 Keywords: Capital Budgeting Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies G310 Abstract: This study tests for the presence of real options effects induced by uncertainty and (partial) irreversibility on fixed capital investment using Italian company data. Our approach recognizes that firm-level investment spending may, itself, be aggregated over multiple investment decisions in separate types of capital goods and emphasizes effects of uncertainty on short-run investment dynamics. Using a survey-based measure of uncertainty related to the assessment of managers responsible for the firms' investment plans, we find evidence of heterogeneous and nonlinear dynamics pointing to a slower adjustment of investment in response to demand shocks at higher levels of uncertainty. Our results also point to an additional source of nonlinearity originating from a convex response of investment to demand shocks. Notes: Keywords: Firm Level; Firm; Investment; Geographic Descriptors: Italy; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200703; Copyright: Copyright of IMF Staff Papers is the property of Macmillan Publishers Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.palgrave-journals.com/imfsp/index.html Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies, London and Nuffield college, Oxford U World Bank and Oxford U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 820 Author: Bond, S. R.; Malik, A. Year: 2009 Title: Natural Resources, Export Structure, and Investment Journal: Oxford Economic Papers Volume: 61 Issue: 4 Pages: 675-702 Short Title: Natural Resources, Export Structure, and Investment ISSN: 00307653 DOI: http://oep.oxfordjournals.org/ Accession Number: 1077889 Alternate Accession Number: EP44558946 Keywords: Macroeconomics: Production E230 Country and Industry Studies of Trade F140 Economic Development: Agriculture Natural Resources Energy Environment Other Primary Products O130 Formal and Informal Sectors Shadow Economy Institutional Arrangements O170 International Linkages to Development Role of International Organizations O190 Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development Q320 Resource Booms Q330 Abstract: We present cross-country empirical evidence on the role of natural resources in explaining long-run differences in private investment as a share of GDP in a sample of 78 developing countries. Our empirical results suggest important differences between fossil fuels and non-fuel resources. While significant fuel exports tend to increase private (and public) investment, there is also a robust negative effect from a measure of export concentration. After controlling for these two aspects of export structure, there is little additional information in other natural resource indicators, or in other suggested investment determinants, such as measures of the quality of institutions, political instability, or macroeconomic volatility. Notes: Keywords: Developing Countries; Exports; GDP; Institution; Macroeconomics; Natural Resource; Resources; Geographic Descriptors: Selected Countries; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200912; Copyright: Copyright of Oxford Economic Papers is the property of Oxford University Press / UK and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://oep.oxfordjournals.org/ Author Address: U Oxford and Institute for Fiscal Studies, London U Oxford Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 982 Author: Bond, S. R.; Soderbom, M.; Wu, G. Year: 2011 Title: Pursuing the Wrong Options? Adjustment Costs and the Relationship between Uncertainty and Capital Accumulation Journal: Economics Letters Volume: 111 Issue: 3 Pages: 249-251 Short Title: Pursuing the Wrong Options? Adjustment Costs and the Relationship between Uncertainty and Capital Accumulation ISSN: 01651765 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505574/description#description Accession Number: 1243257 Keywords: Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty D810 Capital Investment Capacity E220 Capital Budgeting Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies Capacity G310 Abstract: Abel and Eberly (1999) prove that uncertainty has an ambiguous effect on long run capital accumulation in a real options model. We show that, with adjustment costs quadratic in investment, more uncertainty reduces capital and this effect may be large. Notes: Keywords: Accumulation; Capital; Capital Accumulation; Investment; Uncertainty; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201107 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2011.01.020 http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505574/description#description Author Address: Nuffield College, U Oxford and Institute for Fiscal Studies, London U Gothenburg Nanyang Technological U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 318 Author: Borgne, E. L.; Lockwood, B. Year: 2004 Title of Work: DO ELECTIONS ALWAYS NOTIVATE INCUMBENTS? LEARNING VS CAREER CONCERNS Institution: University of Warwick, Department of Economics, The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) Pages: 20 pages Short Title: DO ELECTIONS ALWAYS NOTIVATE INCUMBENTS? LEARNING VS CAREER CONCERNS DOI: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/papers/twerp714.pdf Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Positive Analysis of Policy-Making and Implementation D780 Public Goods H410 Professional Labor Markets Occupational Licensing J440 Public Sector Labor Markets J450 Abstract: This paper studies a principal-agent model of the relationship between officeholder and the electorate, where everyone is initially uninformed about the officeholder's ability. If office-holder effort and ability interact in the determination of performance in office, then an office-holder has an incentive to learn i.e. raise effort so that performance becomes a more accurate signal of her ability. Elections reduce the learning effect, and the reduction in this effect may more than offset the positive "career concerns" effect of elections on effort. Moreover, when this occurs, appointment of officials may welfare-dominate elections. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0856788; Keywords: Career Concerns; Elections; Citizen-Candidate; Learning; Effort; Incomplete Information; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200607 URL: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/papers/twerp714.pdf Author Address: IMF Department of Economics, University of Warwick Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 162 Author: Botchwey, K. Year: 2005 Title: Changing Views and Approaches to Africa's Development Editor: T. Besley and R. Zagha Book Title: Development Challenges in the 1990s: Leading Policymakers Speak from Experience Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 261-270 Short Title: Changing Views and Approaches to Africa's Development Keywords: Welfare and Poverty: Government Programs Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs I380 Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O110 Economic Development: Human Resources Human Development Income Distribution Migration O150 Formal and Informal Sectors Shadow Economy Institutional Arrangements O170 Development Planning and Policy: General O200 Notes: Accession Number: 0835751; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8213-5872-3; Keywords: Development; Geographic Descriptors: Africa; Geographic Region: Africa; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200605 Author Address: United Nations Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 483 Author: Bourguignon, F. Year: 1986 Title: Female Participation and Taxation in France Editor: R. Blundell and I. Walker Book Title: Unemployment, search and labour supply Publisher: Cambridge; New York and Sydney: Cambridge University Press Pages: 243-266 Short Title: Female Participation and Taxation in France Keywords: Labor Markets: Demographic Characteristics 8260 Labor Force--General 8130 Labor Economics: Theory and Empirical Studies Illustrating Theory 8210 Fiscal Theory Empirical Studies Illustrating Fiscal Theory 3212 Notes: Accession Number: 0019427; Geographic Descriptors: France; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199006 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1240 Author: Bourguignon, F.; Chiappori, P.-A. Year: 1994 Title: The Collective Approach to Household Behaviour Editor: R. Blundell, I. Preston and I. Walker Book Title: The measurement of household welfare Publisher: Cambridge; New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press Pages: 70-85 Short Title: The Collective Approach to Household Behaviour Keywords: Consumer Economics: Theory D110 Welfare Economics: General D600 Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation D130 Notes: Accession Number: 0416103; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-521-45195-7; Keywords: Households; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199707 Author Address: DELTA/ENS, Paris Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1126 Author: Box, G. E. P.; Jenkins, G. M. Year: 1994 Title: Some Statistical Aspects of Adaptive Optimization and Control Editor: A. Harvey Book Title: Time series. Volume 1. Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Econometrics, vol. 5. Aldershot, U.K.: Elgar; distributed in the U.S. by Ashgate, Brookfield, Vt. Pages: 25-59 Short Title: Some Statistical Aspects of Adaptive Optimization and Control Reprint Edition: [1962] Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Optimization Techniques Programming Models Dynamic Analysis C610 Notes: Accession Number: 0418819; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-662-0; Keywords: Optimization; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199707 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 305 Author: Box, G. E. P.; Pierce, D. A. Year: 1994 Title: Distribution of Residual Autocorrelations in Autoregressive-Integrated Moving Average Time Series Models Editor: A. Harvey Book Title: Time series. Volume 1. Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Econometrics, vol. 5. Aldershot, U.K.: Elgar; distributed in the U.S. by Ashgate, Brookfield, Vt. Pages: 64-81 Short Title: Distribution of Residual Autocorrelations in Autoregressive-Integrated Moving Average Time Series Models Reprint Edition: [1970] Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Notes: Accession Number: 0418821; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-662-0; Keywords: Autocorrelation; Autoregressive; Residual; Time Series; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199707 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 200 Author: Box, G. E. P.; Tiao, G. C. Year: 1994 Title: Comparison of Forecast and Actuality Editor: A. Harvey Book Title: Time series. Volume 1. Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Econometrics, vol. 5. Aldershot, U.K.: Elgar; distributed in the U.S. by Ashgate, Brookfield, Vt. Pages: 94-99 Short Title: Comparison of Forecast and Actuality Reprint Edition: [1976] Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Forecasting Methods Simulation Methods C530 Notes: Accession Number: 0418824; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-662-0; Keywords: Forecast; Forecasts; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199707 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 722 Author: Box, G. E. P.; Tiao, G. C. Year: 1994 Title: Intervention Analysis with Applications to Economic and Environmental Problems Editor: A. Harvey Book Title: Time series. Volume 1. Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Econometrics, vol. 5. Aldershot, U.K.: Elgar; distributed in the U.S. by Ashgate, Brookfield, Vt. Pages: 315-324 Short Title: Intervention Analysis with Applications to Economic and Environmental Problems Reprint Edition: [1975] Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Renewable Resources and Conservation: Water Q250 Notes: Accession Number: 0418839; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-662-0; ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199707 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 976 Author: Bozio, A.; Johnson, P. Year: 2008 Title: Public Sector Pay and Pensions Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, D. Miles and J. Shaw Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2008 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Pages: 158-186 Short Title: Public Sector Pay and Pensions Keywords: Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Professional Labor Markets Occupational Licensing J440 Public Sector Labor Markets J450 Particular Labor Markets: Public Policy J480 Notes: Accession Number: 1018231; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-52-1; Keywords: Pay; Public Sector; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200902 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1505 Author: Bradshaw, J.; Huby, M. Year: 1989 Title: Trends in Dependence on Supplementary Benefit Editor: A. Dilnot and I. Walker Book Title: The economics of social security Publisher: Oxford; New York; Toronto and Melbourne: Oxford University Press Pages: 69-87 Short Title: Trends in Dependence on Supplementary Benefit Keywords: Unemployment Insurance 8224 Wage and Fringe Benefit Studies 8242 Notes: Accession Number: 0256148; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199203 Author Address: U York Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 723 Author: Brander, J. A. Year: 1995 Title: Intra-Industry Trade in Identical Commodities Editor: J. P. Neary Book Title: International trade. Volume 2. Production structure, trade and growth Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 59. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Elgar Pages: 219-232 Short Title: Intra-Industry Trade in Identical Commodities Reprint Edition: [1981] Keywords: Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies F120 Notes: Accession Number: 0449553; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-361-3; Keywords: Intra Industry Trade; Trade; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 470 Author: Brander, J. A.; Spencer, B. J. Year: 1995 Title: Export Subsidies and International Market Share Rivalry Editor: J. P. Neary Book Title: International trade. Volume 1. Welfare and trade policy Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 59. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Elgar Pages: 201-218 Short Title: Export Subsidies and International Market Share Rivalry Reprint Edition: [1985] Keywords: Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies F120 Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 Notes: Accession Number: 0449516; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-361-3; Keywords: Exports; Subsidies; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1497 Author: Brander, J. A.; Spencer, B. J. Year: 1995 Title: Trade Warfare: Tariffs and Cartels Editor: J. P. Neary Book Title: International trade. Volume 1. Welfare and trade policy Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 59. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Elgar Pages: 260-275 Short Title: Trade Warfare: Tariffs and Cartels Reprint Edition: [1984] Keywords: Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 Notes: Accession Number: 0449519; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-361-3; Keywords: Tariff; Trade; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 818 Author: Branson, W. H. Year: 1986 Title: Natural Resources and the Macroeconomy: A Theoretical Framework: Discussion: An International Macroeconomic Perspective Editor: J. P. Neary and S. van Wijnbergen Book Title: Natural resources and the macroeconomy Publisher: Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; Oxford: Blackwell Pages: 50-52 Short Title: Natural Resources and the Macroeconomy: A Theoretical Framework: Discussion: An International Macroeconomic Perspective Keywords: Macroeconomic Theory--General 0230 Natural Resources--General 7210 Open Economy Macroeconomic Theory--Balance of Payments and Adjustment Mechanisms 4312 Theory of International Trade 4112 Notes: Accession Number: 0022576; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199006 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1351 Author: Brecher, R. A.; Choudhri, E. U. Year: 1995 Title: The Leontief Paradox, Continued: Comments Editor: J. P. Neary Book Title: International trade. Volume 2. Production structure, trade and growth Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 59. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Elgar Pages: 264-267 Short Title: The Leontief Paradox, Continued: Comments Reprint Edition: [1982] Keywords: Neoclassical Models of Trade F110 Country and Industry Studies of Trade F140 Notes: Accession Number: 0449556; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-361-3; Keywords: Leontief Paradox; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1182 Author: Brewer, M. Year: 2006 Title: Tax Credits: Fixed or Beyond Repair? Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, R. Harrison and D. Miles Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2006 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies in collaboration with Morgan Stanley Pages: 133-148 Short Title: Tax Credits: Fixed or Beyond Repair? Keywords: Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies includes inheritance and gift taxes H240 Welfare and Poverty: Government Programs Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs I380 Notes: Accession Number: 0925446; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-903274-44-3; Keywords: Tax; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200708 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1160 Author: Brewer, M. Year: 2007 Title: Supporting Couples with Children through the Tax System Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, A. Leicester and D. Miles Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2007 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Pages: 216-239 Short Title: Supporting Couples with Children through the Tax System Keywords: Taxation and Subsidies: Externalities Redistributive Effects Environmental Taxes and Subsidies H230 Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies includes inheritance and gift taxes H240 Marriage Marital Dissolution Family Structure Domestic Abuse J120 Fertility Family Planning Child Care Children Youth J130 Time Allocation and Labor Supply J220 Notes: Accession Number: 0973606; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-48-4; Keywords: Children; Tax; Tax System; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200806 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 17 Author: Brigden, A.; Thomas, J. Year: 2003 Title: A matching model of non-employment and wage pressure Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Pages: 460-460 Date: Winter2003 Short Title: A matching model of non-employment and wage pressure ISSN: 00055166 Accession Number: EP11805420 Notes: Publication Type: Article; Copyright: Copyright of Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin is the property of Bank of England Bulletin Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 16 Author: Brigden, A.; Thomas, J. Year: 2005 Title: A Matching Model of Non-employment and Wage Pressure Editor: R. Gomez-Salvador, A. Lamo, B. Petrongolo, M. Ward and E. Wasmer Book Title: Labour Supply and Incentives to Work in Europe Publisher: Cheltenham, U.K. and Northampton, Mass.: Elgar Pages: 9-40 Short Title: A Matching Model of Non-employment and Wage Pressure Keywords: Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Labor Contracts J410 Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search J640 Notes: Accession Number: 0860362; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-84542-129-9; Keywords: Employment; Matching; Wage; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200608 Author Address: Bank of England Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 890 Author: Brown, C. V.; et al. Year: 1986 Title: Payment Systems, Demand Constraints and Their Implications for Research into Labour Supply Editor: R. Blundell and I. Walker Book Title: Unemployment, search and labour supply Publisher: Cambridge; New York and Sydney: Cambridge University Press Pages: 190-216 Short Title: Payment Systems, Demand Constraints and Their Implications for Research into Labour Supply Keywords: Labor Force--General 8130 Wage and Fringe Benefit Studies 8242 Labor Markets: Demographic Characteristics 8260 Notes: Accession Number: 0019425; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199006 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1207 Author: Brown, R. L.; Durbin, J.; Evans, J. M. Year: 1994 Title: Techniques for Testing the Constancy of Regression Relationships over Time Editor: A. Harvey Book Title: Time series. Volume 2. Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Econometrics, vol. 5. Aldershot, U.K.: Elgar; distributed in the U.S. by Ashgate, Brookfield, Vt. Pages: 207-221 Short Title: Techniques for Testing the Constancy of Regression Relationships over Time Reprint Edition: [1975] Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Notes: Accession Number: 0418859; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-662-0; Keywords: Regression; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199707 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 350 Author: Brown, S. Year: 1994 Title: Dynamic Implications of Absence Behaviour Journal: Applied Economics Volume: 26 Issue: 12 Pages: 1163-1175 Short Title: Dynamic Implications of Absence Behaviour ISSN: 00036846 DOI: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/routledge/00036846.html Accession Number: 0348575 Alternate Accession Number: EP9412212027 Keywords: Time Allocation and Labor Supply J220 Notes: Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199505; Copyright: Copyright of Applied Economics is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/routledge/00036846.html Author Address: Loughborough U of Technology Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 639 Author: Brown, S.; Button, K.; Sessions, J. Year: 1996 Title: Implications of Liberalised European Labour Markets Journal: Contemporary Economic Policy Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Pages: 58-69 Short Title: Implications of Liberalised European Labour Markets ISSN: 10743529 Accession Number: 0375769 Keywords: Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure J210 Abstract: This paper reviews the alternative labour market scenarios open to European policymakers in the current movement toward enhanced economic and political integration. To clarify the various issues, the paper dichotomises the policy alternatives into two camps: "euro-liberalists" and "euro-regulators." The paper concludes that the latter offers the best path towards convergence, with the proviso that the subject of regulation is a Pan-European system of labour market objectives rather than institutions. Notes: Availability Note: http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/coep/ Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199604 Author Address: Centre for Research in European Econ & Finance, U Loughborough Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1083 Author: Brown, S.; Dietrich, M.; Ortiz-Nunez, A.; Taylor, K. Year: 2011 Title: Self-Employment and Attitudes towards Risk: Timing and Unobserved Heterogeneity Journal: Journal of Economic Psychology Volume: 32 Issue: 3 Pages: 425-433 Short Title: Self-Employment and Attitudes towards Risk: Timing and Unobserved Heterogeneity ISSN: 01674870 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505589/description#description Accession Number: 1244420 Keywords: Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty D810 Labor Demand J230 Abstract: We explore the relationship between self-employment and attitudes towards financial risk using individual level data drawn from the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), which includes measures of individuals' attitudes towards hypothetical gambles allowing us to explore the implications of interpersonal differences in risk attitudes for the probability of self-employment. Our empirical findings suggest that willingness to take financial risk is positively associated with self-employment. By exploiting the panel aspect of the PSID, we find evidence, whilst controlling for unobserved individual heterogeneity, consistent with a causal relationship between attitudes towards risk and self-employment with attitudes towards risk measured prior to becoming self-employed having a statistically significant positive influence on the probability of future self-employment. Notes: Keywords: Probability; Risk; Self Employed; Self Employment; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201107 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2011.02.015 http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505589/description#description Author Address: U Sheffield Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 53 Author: Brown, S.; Fakhfakh, F.; Sessions, J. G. Year: 1999 Title: Absenteeism and Employee Sharing: An Empirical Analysis Based on French Panel Data, 1981-1991 Journal: Industrial and Labor Relations Review Volume: 52 Issue: 2 Pages: 234-251 Short Title: Absenteeism and Employee Sharing: An Empirical Analysis Based on French Panel Data, 1981-1991 ISSN: 00197939 DOI: http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/ilrreview/ Accession Number: 0488407 Keywords: Time Allocation and Labor Supply J220 Producer Cooperatives Labor Managed Firms Employee Ownership J540 Compensation Packages Payment Methods J330 Abstract: The authors investigate the effects on absenteeism of two types of employee sharing plans--profit-sharing and employee share ownership--in 127 French firms over the years 1981-91. Both types of plans were associated with statistically significant reductions in absenteeism. Most effective was the presence of a share ownership plan by itself (not in combination with profit-sharing), which was associated with a reduction in employee absence of approximately 14 percent. The presence of both plans together reduced absence by about 11 percent, and the presence of only a profit-sharing plan reduced absence by about 7 percent. Notes: Keywords: Absenteeism; Profit Sharing; Geographic Descriptors: France; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199905 URL: http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/ilrreview/ Author Address: Loughborough U Centre d'Etudes de l'Emploi and ERMES, Paris Brunel U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1084 Author: Brown, S.; Farrel, L.; Sessions, J. G. Year: 2006 Title: Self-Employment Matching: An Analysis of Dual Earner Couples and Working Households Journal: Small Business Economics Volume: 26 Issue: 2 Pages: 155-172 Short Title: Self-Employment Matching: An Analysis of Dual Earner Couples and Working Households ISSN: 0921898X DOI: http://www.springerlink.com/link.asp?id=100338 Accession Number: 0830267 Alternate Accession Number: EP19433111 Keywords: Labor Demand J230 Abstract: This paper explores the significance of intra-couple and intra-household influences on self-employment. It may be the case that employment type matching is prevalent whereby individuals within a couple or household are characterised by similar types of employment. Alternatively, an individual may pool income risk with his/her partner by holding a diversified portfolio of employment types within the household thereby introducing an element of intra-household risk pooling. Such an arrangement may be particularly appropriate if one member of the couple is self-employed. We utilise ordered probit and random effects ordered probit analysis to explore the prevalence of employment matching and/or risk pooling within couples or households. Our empirical analysis which is based on cross-section data drawn from the British Family Expenditure Surveys 1996 to 2000 provides evidence of employment type matching both within dual earner couples and, to a lesser extent, in the wider context of working household members. Notes: Keywords: Self Employment; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200604; Copyright: Copyright of Small Business Economics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11187-004-6489-5 http://www.springerlink.com/link.asp?id=100338 Author Address: U Sheffield U Melbourne U Bath Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1050 Author: Brown, S.; Farrell, L.; Harris, M. N.; Sessions, J. G. Year: 2006 Title: Risk Preference and Employment Contract Type Journal: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) Volume: 169 Issue: 4 Pages: 849-863 Short Title: Risk Preference and Employment Contract Type ISSN: 09641998 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0964-1998 Accession Number: 0887042 Alternate Accession Number: EP22375776 Keywords: Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty D810 Labor Demand J230 Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Labor Contracts J410 Abstract: We explore the possibility that a systematic relationship exists between employment within a particular type of contract and risk preference. We exploit a set of proxies for risk preference, whereby some of the proxies capture risk loving behaviour (expenditure on gambling, smoking and alcohol) whereas others capture risk averse behaviour (expenditure on life and contents insurance, and unearned income). The empirical analysis, based on pooled cross-section data from the UK Family Expenditure Survey, 1997-2000, provides evidence of a systematic relationship between employment contract type and risk preference, with, for example, self-employed workers being more or less likely to engage in the consumption of 'risky' or financial security products respectively. The results are based on the ordered generalized extreme value model, a relatively infrequently used discrete choice model, which allows for ordering and correlation in the alternatives observed. Notes: Keywords: Contracts; Risk; Risk Averse; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200702; Copyright: Copyright of Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0964-1998 Author Address: U Sheffield U College Dublin Monash U U Bath Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 505 Author: Brown, S.; Garino, G.; Martin, C. Year: 2009 Title: Firm Performance and Labour Turnover: Evidence from the 2004 Workplace Employee Relations Survey Journal: Economic Modelling Volume: 26 Issue: 3 Pages: 689-695 Short Title: Firm Performance and Labour Turnover: Evidence from the 2004 Workplace Employee Relations Survey ISSN: 02649993 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/30411/description#description Accession Number: 1042954 Keywords: Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Labor Contracts J410 Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility Promotion J620 Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope L250 Abstract: We explore the impact of labour turnover on firm performance by analysing the predictions of an extension of the efficiency wage model of [Salop, S., (1979) 'A Model of the Natural Rate of Unemployment', American Economic Review, 69, 117-125.] developed by [Garino, G. and Martin, C., (2008) 'The Impact of Labour Turnover: Theory and Evidence from UK Micro Data', Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis in the Social Sciences, 1(3), 81-104.], which separates incumbent and newly hired workers in the production function. Within this theoretical framework, an exogenous increase in the turnover rate can increase profits if firms do not choose wages unilaterally. We test the theoretical predictions of the model using UK cross-section establishment-level data, the 2004 Workplace and Employee Relations Survey. In accordance with our theoretical priors, the empirical results support the standard inverse relationship between the quit rate and firm performance where firms unilaterally choose the wage and generally support a positive relationship between firm performance and the quit rate where trade unions influence wage setting. Notes: Keywords: Efficiency Wage; Firm; Firms; Wage; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200906 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2009.01.014 http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/30411/description#description Author Address: U Sheffield U Leicester U Bath Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 260 Author: Brown, S.; Garino, G.; Taylor, K.; Price, S. W. Year: 2005 Title: Debt and Financial Expectations: An Individual- and Household-Level Analysis Journal: Economic Inquiry Volume: 43 Issue: 1 Pages: 100-120 Short Title: Debt and Financial Expectations: An Individual- and Household-Level Analysis ISSN: 00952583 Accession Number: 0765773 Alternate Accession Number: EP15620980 Keywords: Personal Finance D140 Abstract: In this article we show that optimistic financial expectations impact positively on both the quantity of debt and the growth in debt at the individual and household levels. Our theoretical model shows that this association is predicted under a variety of plausible scenarios. In the empirical analysis we explore the determinants of debt and of growth in debt using British data. We find convincing support for our theoretical priors and show that it is optimistic financial expectations per se that are important in influencing debt, rather than the accuracy of individuals' predictions regarding their future financial situation. Notes: Availability Note: http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/ecin/ Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200503; Copyright: Copyright of Economic Inquiry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. Author Address: U Leicester Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 521 Author: Brown, S.; McIntosh, S.; Taylor, K. Year: 2011 Title: Following in Your Parents' Footsteps? Empirical Analysis of Matched Parent-Offspring Test Scores Journal: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics Volume: 73 Issue: 1 Pages: 40-58 Short Title: Following in Your Parents' Footsteps? Empirical Analysis of Matched Parent-Offspring Test Scores ISSN: 03059049 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0305-9049 Accession Number: 1153214 Keywords: Analysis of Education I210 Fertility Family Planning Child Care Children Youth J130 Abstract: In this article, we explore whether an intergenerational relationship exists between the reading and mathematics test scores, taken at age 7, of a cohort of individuals born in 1958 and the equivalent test scores of their offspring measured in 1991. Our results suggest that how the parent performs in reading and mathematics during their childhood is positively related to the corresponding test scores of their offspring as measured at a similar age. The results further suggest that the effect of upbringing is mainly responsible for the intergenerational relationship in literacy, although genetic effects seem more relevant with respect to numeracy. Notes: Keywords: Childhood; Literacy; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201102 URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0305-9049 Author Address: U Sheffield Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 592 Author: Brown, S.; Pudney, S. Year: 2005 Title: Hours Constraints and In-Work Poverty Journal: Bulletin of Economic Research Volume: 57 Issue: 3 Pages: 305-315 Short Title: Hours Constraints and In-Work Poverty ISSN: 03073378 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0307-3378 Accession Number: 0807424 Alternate Accession Number: EP18050427 Keywords: Measurement and Analysis of Poverty I320 Time Allocation and Labor Supply J220 Abstract: We develop a new approach to modelling the impact of personal characteristics on the extent of poverty, using propensity score matching methods. This is used to evaluate the contribution of hours constraints to poverty, as revealed in UK and US datasets. The results reveal a significant difference, consistent with the existence of greater labour market flexibility in the US. Notes: Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; U.S.; Geographic Region: Europe; Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200512; Copyright: Copyright of Bulletin of Economic Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0307-3378 Author Address: U Leicester Institute for Social and Econ Research, U Essex Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1034 Author: Brown, S.; Roberts, J.; Taylor, K. Year: 2010 Title: Reservation Wages, Labour Market Participation and Health Journal: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) Volume: 173 Issue: 3 Pages: 501-529 Short Title: Reservation Wages, Labour Market Participation and Health ISSN: 09641998 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0964-1998 Accession Number: 1120363 Alternate Accession Number: EP51481703 Keywords: Time Allocation and Labor Supply J220 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search J640 Abstract: The concept of the reservation wage has played an important role in labour market theory, particularly in models of job search, labour supply and labour market participation. We focus on the determinants of reservation wages, with a particular focus on health, which has attracted very little attention despite its importance from a policy perspective. Using UK data we estimate an endogenous switching model which predicts reservation wages for the unemployed and market wages for the employed. Our results have important policy implications since they suggest that poor health is a major cause of economic inactivity. Notes: Keywords: Job Search; Labor Supply; Participation; Wage; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201008; Copyright: Copyright of Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0964-1998 Author Address: U Sheffield Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1302 Author: Brown, S.; Roberts, J.; Taylor, K. Year: 2011 Title: The Gender Reservation Wage Gap: Evidence from British Panel Data Journal: Economics Letters Volume: 113 Issue: 1 Pages: 88-91 Short Title: The Gender Reservation Wage Gap: Evidence from British Panel Data ISSN: 01651765 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505574/description#description Accession Number: 1253797 Keywords: Economics of Gender Non-labor Discrimination J160 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Labor Discrimination J710 Abstract: Our findings suggest the existence of a gender reservation wage gap. The presence of children, particularly pre-school age children, plays an important role in determining the proportion of this gap that can be explained by individual characteristics. Notes: Keywords: Gender; Wage; Wage Gap; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201109 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2011.05.025 http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505574/description#description Author Address: U Sheffield Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1266 Author: Brown, S.; Sessions, J. G. Year: 1996 Title: The Economics of Absence: Theory and Evidence Journal: Journal of Economic Surveys Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Pages: 23-53 Short Title: The Economics of Absence: Theory and Evidence ISSN: 09500804 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0950-0804 Accession Number: 0382539 Alternate Accession Number: EP6946246 Keywords: Time Allocation and Labor Supply J220 Abstract: Worker absenteeism constitutes a significant loss of work time and therefore has important implications for both household income and firm productivity. Despite this, the economics profession has been somewhat laggard relative to other disciplines in addressing the phenomenon. The situation is, however, changing, with recent years witnessing a mild flurry of activity. The aim of this paper is to maintain, and if possible, enhance this momentum. We do this firstly by developing some basic theoretical ideas which we consider to be central to an economic analysis of absence. In particular, we address the often cited claim that observed absence is unequivocally inefficient. Second, by reviewing some of the key contributions, we attempt to assess where the literature on the economics of absence stands at present, as well as suggesting some potentially fruitful lines of future enquiry. Notes: Keywords: Absenteeism; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199606; Copyright: Copyright of Journal of Economic Surveys is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0950-0804 Author Address: Loughborough U Technology Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 37 Author: Brown, S.; Sessions, J. G. Year: 1997 Title: A Profile of UK Unemployment: Regional versus Demographic Influences Journal: Regional Studies Volume: 31 Issue: 4 Pages: 351-366 Short Title: A Profile of UK Unemployment: Regional versus Demographic Influences ISSN: 00343404 DOI: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/00343404.asp Accession Number: 0426774 Alternate Accession Number: EP9708196066 Keywords: Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Regional Migration Regional Labor Markets Population Neighborhood Characteristics R230 Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search J640 Employment Unemployment Wages Intergenerational Income Distribution Aggregate Human Capital E240 Abstract: This paper profiles the incidence of unemployment in the UK over the period 1985-91 using data derived from the British Social Attitudes Survey. The approach of the paper is to quantify the differential probabilities of unemployment faced by particular groups within the population, focusing in particular on the relative effects of demographic and regional influences. Our results indicate that, even after controlling for a plethora of demographic characteristics, regional disparities in unemployment risk are prevalent, with individuals in Northern Ireland, Wales, the North and West Midlands of England facing a higher chance of unemployment ceteris paribas. Such a finding would suggest that macroeconomic based policies may be pertinent in alleviating unemployment in these regions, whilst in other regions, notably London, Scotland and the East Midlands, a microeconomic approach may be more appropriate. Notes: Keywords: Population; Regional; Unemployment; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199710; Copyright: Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/00343404.asp Author Address: Loughborough U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 608 Author: Brown, S.; Sessions, J. G. Year: 1997 Title: Housing, Privatization and the 'Right to Buy.' Journal: Applied Economics Volume: 29 Issue: 5 Pages: 581-590 Short Title: Housing, Privatization and the 'Right to Buy.' ISSN: 00036846 DOI: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/routledge/00036846.html Accession Number: 0423050 Alternate Accession Number: EP9706173675 Keywords: Housing Supply and Markets R310 Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises Privatization Contracting Out L330 Production Analysis and Firm Location: Government Policies Regulatory Policies R380 Notes: Keywords: Housing; Privatization; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199709; Copyright: Copyright of Applied Economics is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/routledge/00036846.html Author Address: Loughborough U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 398 Author: Brown, S.; Sessions, J. G. Year: 1998 Title: Education, Employment Status and Earnings: A Comparative Test of the Strong Screening Hypothesis Journal: Scottish Journal of Political Economy Volume: 45 Issue: 5 Pages: 586-591 Short Title: Education, Employment Status and Earnings: A Comparative Test of the Strong Screening Hypothesis ISSN: 00369292 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0036-9292 Accession Number: 0484570 Alternate Accession Number: EP1311150 Keywords: Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Labor Demand J230 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Abstract: The authors apply the comparative technique originated by K. I. Wolpin (1977) to discriminate between the 'weak' and 'strong' screening hypothesizes. Controlling for self-selection, they find evidence for weak, but not strong, screening. Notes: Keywords: Earnings; Education; Screening; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199903; Copyright: Copyright of Scottish Journal of Political Economy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0036-9292 Author Address: Loughborough U Brunel U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 752 Author: Brown, S.; Sessions, J. G. Year: 1998 Title: Jurassic Union Man? A Profile of the British Trade Union Member Journal: Labour Volume: 12 Issue: 4 Pages: 773-796 Date: Winter Short Title: Jurassic Union Man? A Profile of the British Trade Union Member ISSN: 11217081 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1121-7081 Accession Number: 0485006 Alternate Accession Number: EP4521473 Keywords: Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects J510 Abstract: This paper examines the determinants of trade union membership in Great Britain utilising micro-data taken from the British Social Attitudes Survey over the period 1985-91. Our results suggest that, contrary to previous micro-studies, personal characteristics and the perceptions of workers' attitudes as regards their working environment impact significantly upon the decision to join a trade union. Moreover, it would appear that the union membership decision is becoming increasingly endogenised, especially in the case of the white-collar worker. Notes: Keywords: Trade Unions; Union; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199903; Copyright: Copyright of LABOUR: Review of Labour Economics & Industrial Relations is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1121-7081 Author Address: Loughborough U Brunel U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 395 Author: Brown, S.; Sessions, J. G. Year: 1999 Title: Education and Employment Status: A Test of the Strong Screening Hypothesis in Italy Journal: Economics of Education Review Volume: 18 Issue: 4 Pages: 397-404 Short Title: Education and Employment Status: A Test of the Strong Screening Hypothesis in Italy ISSN: 02727757 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/743/description#description Accession Number: 0497236 Keywords: Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Abstract: We apply the comparative techniques originated by Wolpin, K. I. (1977) and Psacharopoulos (1979) to discriminate between the 'weak' and 'strong' screening hypotheses. Controlling for sample selection, we find evidence for weak but not strong screening in the Italian labour market. Notes: Keywords: Education; Screening; Geographic Descriptors: Italy; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199910 URL: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/743/description#description Author Address: Loughborough U Brunel U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 410 Author: Brown, S.; Sessions, J. G. Year: 2000 Title: Employee Militancy in Britain: 1985-1990 Journal: Applied Economics Volume: 32 Issue: 13 Pages: 1767-1774 Short Title: Employee Militancy in Britain: 1985-1990 ISSN: 00036846 DOI: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/routledge/00036846.html Accession Number: 0588599 Alternate Accession Number: EP3653739 Keywords: Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation Collective Bargaining J520 Abstract: This paper profiles individual strike incidence and militancy in Britain over the period 1985-90 using data derived from the British Social Attitudes Survey. The approach of the study is to quantify the differential probabilities of strike activity and other forms of militant behaviour of particular groups within the population. Following studies from the USA in highlighting, in particular, the role of demographic and attitudinal influences. The results indicate that demographic influences are, in general, the key correlates of strike incidence and militancy ceteris paribus. Notes: Keywords: Strike; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200112; Copyright: Copyright of Applied Economics is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/routledge/00036846.html Author Address: Loughborough U Brunel U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 61 Author: Brown, S.; Sessions, J. G. Year: 2001 Title: Actual and Optimal Labour Supply Journal: Applied Economics Letters Volume: 8 Issue: 2 Pages: 111-113 Short Title: Actual and Optimal Labour Supply ISSN: 13504851 DOI: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/13504851.asp Accession Number: 0556248 Alternate Accession Number: EP3893212 Keywords: Time Allocation and Labor Supply J220 Abstract: The implications of assuming a coincidence of actual and desired work hours for labour supply estimates are investigated. Results suggest significant differences in the wage elasticities of British male employees reporting that their work hours have been constrained vis-a-vis those reporting satisfaction with actual hours. Notes: Keywords: Labor Supply; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200103; Copyright: Copyright of Applied Economics Letters is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/13504851.asp Author Address: U Leicester Brunel U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 466 Author: Brown, S.; Sessions, J. G. Year: 2001 Title: Experience-Earnings Profiles, Education and Gender Journal: Journal of Economic Studies Volume: 28 Issue: 6 Pages: 408-421 Short Title: Experience-Earnings Profiles, Education and Gender ISSN: 01443585 DOI: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/jes.htm Accession Number: 0595557 Keywords: Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Economics of Gender Non-labor Discrimination J160 Labor Demand J230 Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Abstract: Investigates the shape of experience-earnings profiles across gender. Given that self-employment offers both an alternative to unemployment and potentially flexible--and thereby attractive to female labour market participants--working arrangements, estimates separate profiles for employees and self-employees. The male results support Lazear and Moore's agency-driven explanation for the shape of experience-earnings profiles with self-employment being characterized by a relatively flat profile. The estimated female employee profile is flatter than its male counterpart, a finding which lends support to the human capital explanation for gender-specific earnings profiles, whereby females tend to withdraw from the labour market and so reduce their incentive to invest in human capital. In the case of female self-employees, educational attainment rather than labour market experience appears to he the significant determinant of earnings. Notes: Keywords: Earnings; Education; Female; Gender; Self Employment; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200202 URL: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/jes.htm Author Address: U Leicester Brunel U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 707 Author: Brown, S.; Sessions, J. G. Year: 2001 Title: International Competition and the Labor Market Prospects of Union and Nonunion Workers Journal: Journal of Labor Research Volume: 22 Issue: 3 Pages: 669-677 Date: Summer Short Title: International Competition and the Labor Market Prospects of Union and Nonunion Workers ISSN: 01953613 DOI: http://www.springerlink.com/content/110581 Accession Number: 0575757 Alternate Accession Number: EP4656023 Keywords: Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects J510 Trade and Labor Market Interactions F160 Abstract: We investigate the relationship between international competition and the labor market prospects of a representative sample of British workers. Our analysis, which sets out the first explicit test of both the wage and employment implications of increased international competition, highlights an interesting asymmetry with competition negatively affecting the wage, but not the employment, prospects of unionized workers and the employment, but not the wage, prospects of nonunion workers. Notes: Keywords: Nonunion; Union; Unionized; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200108; Copyright: Copyright of Journal of Labor Research is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.springerlink.com/content/110581 Author Address: U Leicester Brunel U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1158 Author: Brown, S.; Sessions, J. G. Year: 2002 Title: Supervisor Heterogeneity: An Analysis of UK Microdata Journal: Scottish Journal of Political Economy Volume: 49 Issue: 4 Pages: 407-417 Short Title: Supervisor Heterogeneity: An Analysis of UK Microdata ISSN: 00369292 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0036-9292 Accession Number: 0627775 Alternate Accession Number: EP7154758 Keywords: Labor-Management Relations Industrial Jurisprudence J530 Personnel Economics: Labor Management M540 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Personnel Management Executive Compensation M120 Abstract: We investigate the attributes of supervisors and the key correlates of the extent of their supervisory responsibilities. We find a strong correlation between wages, education, experience, firm size and the extent of supervision. One implication of this is that firms may be indifferent between employing a few, "high responsibility" or many "low responsibility" supervisors. Our findings, suggestive as they are of supervisory heterogeneity, should be taken into account in studies that proxy the intensity of monitoring primarily by the number of supervisors employed. Notes: Keywords: Firm; Firms; Wage; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200211; Copyright: Copyright of Scottish Journal of Political Economy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0036-9292 Author Address: U Leicester Brunel U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 99 Author: Brown, S.; Sessions, J. G. Year: 2003 Title: Attitudes, Expectations and Sharing Journal: Labour Volume: 17 Issue: 4 Pages: 543-569 Short Title: Attitudes, Expectations and Sharing ISSN: 11217081 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1121-7081 Accession Number: 0674379 Alternate Accession Number: EP11523121 Keywords: Compensation Packages Payment Methods J330 Personnel Economics: Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects M520 Safety Job Satisfaction Related Public Policy J280 Abstract: We explore the relationship between performance-related pay and the attitudes and expectations of a representative sample of British workers. Our results suggest that employees who participate in productivity-linked bonus schemes, discretionary bonus schemes, share ownership or profit sharing are more optimistic about future employment and pay and are generally more satisfied with their work environment. However, employees participating specifically in profit-sharing schemes are less likely to work as hard as they can, ceteris paribus. This is an intriguing finding, insinuating as it does that group-sharing schemes are unable to rout the temptation to free ride and thereby ensure a first best cooperative equilibrium. Notes: Keywords: Bonus; Profit Sharing; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200402; Copyright: Copyright of LABOUR: Review of Labour Economics & Industrial Relations is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1121-7081 Author Address: U Leicester U Bath Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 358 Author: Brown, S.; Sessions, J. G. Year: 2003 Title: Earnings, Education, and Fixed-Term Contracts Journal: Scottish Journal of Political Economy Volume: 50 Issue: 4 Pages: 492-506 Short Title: Earnings, Education, and Fixed-Term Contracts ISSN: 00369292 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0036-9292 Accession Number: 0667353 Alternate Accession Number: EP10717047 Keywords: Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Labor Contracts J410 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Abstract: We explore the relationship between earnings, education, and fixed-term contracts using data from the 1997 British Social Attitudes Survey. We find that the log hourly wage of workers employed under such contracts is approximately 13% lower than that of their "permanent" counterparts, even after controlling for a plethora of personal and job characteristics. Standard decompositions indicate that the vast majority of this differential (more than 70%) is attributable to price effects, which may reflect discrimination on the part of the employer. Such findings may, therefore, suggest that employment protection is appropriate for individuals employed under fixed-term contracts. Notes: Keywords: Contracts; Earnings; Education; Hourly Wages; Wage; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200311; Copyright: Copyright of Scottish Journal of Political Economy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0036-9292 Author Address: U Leicester U Bath Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 54 Author: Brown, S.; Sessions, J. G. Year: 2004 Title: Absenteeism, 'Presenteeism', and Shirking Journal: Economic Issues Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Pages: 15-21 Short Title: Absenteeism, 'Presenteeism', and Shirking ISSN: 13637029 DOI: http://www.economicissues.org Accession Number: 0727890 Alternate Accession Number: EP12727914 Keywords: Time Allocation and Labor Supply J220 Labor Contracts J410 Abstract: We develop the Barmby et al. (1993) model of absenteeism (which appeared in the Scandinavian Journal of Economics to illustrate the potential for individuals to engage in "presenteeism" viz. attending work even when they are entitled to paid absence. Notes: Keywords: Absenteeism; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200405; Copyright: Copyright of Economic Issues is the property of Economic Issues Education Fund and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.economicissues.org Author Address: U Leicester U Bath Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 710 Author: Brown, S.; Sessions, J. G. Year: 2004 Title: International Handbook on the Economics of Education: Signalling and Screening Editor: G. Johnes and J. Johnes Book Title: International handbook on the economics of education Publisher: Cheltenham, U.K. and Northampton, Mass.: Elgar Pages: 58-100 Short Title: International Handbook on the Economics of Education: Signalling and Screening Keywords: Analysis of Education I210 Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Notes: Accession Number: 0817236; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-84376-119-X; Keywords: Education; Screening; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200602 Author Address: U Leicester U Bath Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1494 Author: Brown, S.; Sessions, J. G. Year: 2004 Title: Trade Unions and International Competition Editor: P. V. Wunnava Book Title: The changing role of unions: New forms of representation Publisher: Issues in Work and Human Resources. Armonk, N.Y. and London: Sharpe Pages: 229-247 Short Title: Trade Unions and International Competition Keywords: Trade and Labor Market Interactions F160 Multinational Firms International Business F230 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects J510 Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search J640 Notes: Accession Number: 0816503; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-7656-1237-2; Keywords: Trade Unions; Trade; Union; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200602 Author Address: U Leicester U Bath Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 409 Author: Brown, S.; Sessions, J. G. Year: 2005 Title: Employee Attitudes, Earnings and Fixed-Term Contracts: International Evidence Journal: Review of World Economics/Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv Volume: 141 Issue: 2 Pages: 296-317 Short Title: Employee Attitudes, Earnings and Fixed-Term Contracts: International Evidence ISSN: 16102878 DOI: http://springerlink.metapress.com/content/112760 Accession Number: 0809085 Alternate Accession Number: EP19057728 Keywords: Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Labor Contracts J410 Personnel Economics: Firm Employment Decisions Promotions M510 Personnel Economics: Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects M520 Abstract: We explore the relationship between employee attitudes, earnings and fixed-term contracts using data from the British Social Attitudes Survey and International Social Survey Programme. We find that workers employed under such contracts receive significantly lower earnings than their permanent contract counterparts, even after controlling for a plethora of personal and job characteristics. This may be indicative of wage discrimination against fixed-term contract employees. Our results also allude to possible asymmetries in the role of education across this two-tier system, with educational attainment playing a more prominent signaling role in the case of "permanent" contract employees. We also find significant evidence of attitudinal effects, with workers employed on permanent contracts more likely to be both satisfied and secure with their job, but also more likely to find work stressful and exhausting and, perhaps as a consequence, to engage in absence. Notes: Keywords: Contracts; Earnings; Wage; Geographic Descriptors: Selected Countries; U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200512; Copyright: Copyright of Review of World Economics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://springerlink.metapress.com/content/112760 Author Address: U Leicester U Bath Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 457 Author: Brown, S.; Sessions, J. G. Year: 2006 Title: Evidence on the Relationship between Firm-Based Screening and the Returns to Education Journal: Economics of Education Review Volume: 25 Issue: 5 Pages: 498-509 Short Title: Evidence on the Relationship between Firm-Based Screening and the Returns to Education ISSN: 02727757 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/743/description#description Accession Number: 0883509 Keywords: Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Abstract: We explore the relationship between the signalling role of education and direct screening measures adopted by employers using a matched employee-employer data set drawn from the 1998 Workplace Employee Relations Survey for Great Britain. We identify which firms use personality/attitude and/or performance/competency tests during the hiring process and, by combining this and other firm level information with employee level characteristics, investigate whether such tests affect the signalling role of education. Our results suggest that hiring tests inhibit the signalling role of education, and that a failure to control for such tests may bias estimates of the returns to education. Notes: Keywords: Education; Screening; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200701 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2005.05.007 http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/743/description#description Author Address: U Sheffield U Bath Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1123 Author: Brown, S.; Sessions, J. G. Year: 2006 Title: Some Evidence on the Relationship between Performance-Related Pay and the Shape of the Experience-Earnings Profile Journal: Southern Economic Journal Volume: 72 Issue: 3 Pages: 660-676 Short Title: Some Evidence on the Relationship between Performance-Related Pay and the Shape of the Experience-Earnings Profile ISSN: 00384038 Accession Number: 0835149 Alternate Accession Number: EP19691412 Keywords: Labor Demand J230 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Compensation Packages Payment Methods J330 Abstract: We investigate the relationship between performance-related pay (PRP) and the shape of workers' experience-earnings profiles. In particular, we argue that the slope of the profile depends critically upon the degree of "equity" held by workers in their enterprise as measured by the extent of PRP. The implication is that the slope of the profile for PRP workers falls between those of their zero-equity fixed-wage, and one hundred per cent equity self-employed, counterparts. Our empirical analysis of three British data sets, namely the British Social Attitudes Survey, the British Household Panel Survey, and the British Family Expenditure Survey, supports this prior. Notes: Availability Note: http://www.utc.edu/Outreach/SouthernEconomicAssociation/southern-economic-journal.html Keywords: Earnings; Pay; Self Employed; Wage; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200605; Copyright: Copyright of Southern Economic Journal is the property of Southern Economic Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. Author Address: U Sheffield U Bath Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1246 Author: Brown, S.; Sessions, J. G.; Watson, D. Year: 2007 Title: The Contribution of Hour Constraints to Working Poverty in Britain Journal: Journal of Population Economics Volume: 20 Issue: 2 Pages: 445-463 Short Title: The Contribution of Hour Constraints to Working Poverty in Britain ISSN: 09331433 DOI: http://www.springerlink.com/content/100520/ Accession Number: 0918774 Alternate Accession Number: EP24732111 Keywords: Measurement and Analysis of Poverty I320 Time Allocation and Labor Supply J220 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Abstract: We explore the implications of hours demand constraints on the propensity to experience poverty. Our analysis of British data suggests that whilst the extent of poverty increased over the period 1985-2001, its intensity, under some measures, declined. In terms of hours constraints, we find that even the most generous elimination of underemployment vis allowing workers to supply as many hours as they prefer (but not as few) without encountering any negative employment and/or hourly wage implications, leaves the poverty rate and poverty gap virtually unchanged. Notes: Keywords: Hourly Wages; Wage; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200707; Copyright: Copyright of Journal of Population Economics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00148-006-0086-7 http://www.springerlink.com/content/100520/ Author Address: U Sheffield U Bath U Swansea Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 490 Author: Brown, S.; Taylor, K. Year: 2006 Title: Financial Expectations, Consumption and Saving: A Microeconomic Analysis Journal: Fiscal Studies Volume: 27 Issue: 3 Pages: 313-338 Short Title: Financial Expectations, Consumption and Saving: A Microeconomic Analysis ISSN: 01435671 DOI: http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0143-5671 Accession Number: 0929210 Alternate Accession Number: EP22028650 Keywords: Personal Finance D140 Expectations Speculations D840 Business Fluctuations Cycles E320 Abstract: We explore the determinants of individuals' financial expectations using data from the British Household Panel Survey, 1991-2003. Our findings suggest that individuals' financial predictions are influenced by both the life cycle and the business cycle. We also investigate the extent to which the accuracy of past financial expectations affects current financial expectations. Regardless of the accuracy of the prediction, past financial optimism has a positive effect on current expectations formation whilst past financial pessimism has a negative effect. We also explore the relationship between financial realisations and expectations and we find that expectations tend to fall short of financial realisations. Finally, we investigate how financial expectations influence saving and consumption. Our findings suggest that financial optimism is inversely associated with saving and that current financial expectations serve to predict future consumption. Notes: Keywords: Business Cycle; Cycle; Expectation; Microeconomics; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200709; Copyright: Copyright of Fiscal Studies is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0143-5671 Author Address: U Sheffield Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1021 Author: Brown, S.; Taylor, K. Year: 2007 Title: Religion and Education: Evidence from the National Child Development Study Journal: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization Volume: 63 Issue: 3 Pages: 439-460 Short Title: Religion and Education: Evidence from the National Child Development Study ISSN: 01672681 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505559/description#description Accession Number: 0914327 Keywords: Analysis of Education I210 Fertility Family Planning Child Care Children Youth J130 Cultural Economics: Religion Z120 Abstract: We explore the determinants of one aspect of religious behavior and church attendance, using individual level data from the British National Child Development Study (NCDS), explicitly focusing on the relationship between education and church attendance. In contrast to the existing literature, our data allow an exploration of the dynamic dimension to religious activity since the NCDS provides information on church attendance at three stages of an individual's life cycle. The results support a positive association between education and church attendance. Additionally, current participation in religious activities is positively associated with past religious behavior. Notes: Keywords: Child; Education; Religion; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200706 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2005.08.003 http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505559/description#description Author Address: U Sheffield Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 130 Author: Brown, S.; Taylor, K. Year: 2008 Title: Bullying, Education and Earnings: Evidence from the National Child Development Study Journal: Economics of Education Review Volume: 27 Issue: 4 Pages: 387-401 Short Title: Bullying, Education and Earnings: Evidence from the National Child Development Study ISSN: 02727757 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/743/description#description Accession Number: 0985317 Keywords: Analysis of Education I210 Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Abstract: We explore the effect of bullying at school on the educational attainment of a sample of individuals drawn from the British National Child Development Study (NCDS). Our empirical findings suggest that school bullying has an adverse effect on human capital accumulation both at and beyond school. Moreover; the impact of bullying on educational attainment at age 16 is found to be similar in magnitude to class size effects. Furthermore, in contrast to class size effects, the adverse influence of bullying on educational attainment remains during adulthood. In addition, being bullied at school influences wages received during adulthood as well as indirectly influencing wages via educational attainment. Notes: Keywords: Earnings; Education; Human Capital; Wage; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200808 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2007.03.003 http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/743/description#description Author Address: U Sheffield Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 594 Author: Brown, S.; Taylor, K. Year: 2008 Title: Household Debt and Financial Assets: Evidence from Germany, Great Britain and the USA Journal: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) Volume: 171 Issue: 3 Pages: 615-643 Short Title: Household Debt and Financial Assets: Evidence from Germany, Great Britain and the USA ISSN: 09641998 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0964-1998 Accession Number: 0986896 Alternate Accession Number: EP31999115 Keywords: Personal Finance D140 Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions D310 Abstract: We explore the determinants of debt, financial assets and net worth at the household level by using survey data for Germany, Great Britain and the USA. To identify which households are potentially vulnerable to adverse changes in the economic environment, we also explore the determinants of a range of measures of financial pressure: the probability that a household has negative net worth; the debt-to-income ratio; mortgage income gearing; the saving-to-income ratio. Our empirical findings suggest that the poorest and the youngest households are the most vulnerable to adverse changes in their financial circumstances. Notes: Keywords: Income; Geographic Descriptors: Germany; U.K.; U.S.; Geographic Region: Europe; Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200808; Copyright: Copyright of Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0964-1998 Author Address: U Sheffield Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1111 Author: Brown, S.; Taylor, K. Year: 2009 Title: Social Interaction and Children's Academic Test Scores: Evidence from the National Child Development Study Journal: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization Volume: 71 Issue: 2 Pages: 563-574 Short Title: Social Interaction and Children's Academic Test Scores: Evidence from the National Child Development Study ISSN: 01672681 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505559/description#description Accession Number: 1058592 Keywords: Analysis of Education I210 Fertility Family Planning Child Care Children Youth J130 Economic Sociology Economic Anthropology Social and Economic Stratification Z130 Abstract: We explore the relationship between educational attainment and social interaction using individual level data from the British National Child Development Study. To be specific, we analyze whether an intergenerational aspect to this relationship exists by examining the relationship between the educational attainment of children and the degree of formal social activity undertaken by their parents. Our results suggest that children's scores in reading, mathematics, and vocabulary tests are positively associated with the extent of their parents' formal social interaction, and this relationship is robust to alternative definitions of social interaction. Notes: Keywords: Child; Children; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200909 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2009.03.023 http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505559/description#description Author Address: U Sheffield Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1035 Author: Brown, S.; Taylor, K. Year: 2011 Title: Reservation Wages, Market Wages and Unemployment: Analysis of Individual Level Panel Data Journal: Economic Modelling Volume: 28 Issue: 3 Pages: 1317-1327 Short Title: Reservation Wages, Market Wages and Unemployment: Analysis of Individual Level Panel Data ISSN: 02649993 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/30411/description#description Accession Number: 1237495 Keywords: Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Labor Contracts J410 Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search J640 Abstract: Using individual level panel data, we analyse the divergence between the reservation wages of individuals who are out of work and their predicted market wages, focusing upon identifying the factors that influence the potential divergence. In addition, using propensity score matching techniques, we explore the implications of such divergences for future employment and wages. Our findings suggest that having reservation wages that are high relative to the predicted market wage influence both future employment and future wages. Notes: Keywords: Employment; Matching; Unemployment; Wage; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201106 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2011.01.009 http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/30411/description#description Author Address: U Sheffield Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 259 Author: Brown, S.; Taylor, K.; Wheatley Price, S. Year: 2005 Title: Debt and Distress: Evaluating the Psychological Cost of Credit Journal: Journal of Economic Psychology Volume: 26 Issue: 5 Pages: 642-663 Short Title: Debt and Distress: Evaluating the Psychological Cost of Credit ISSN: 01674870 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505589/description#description Accession Number: 0812572 Keywords: Personal Finance D140 Health Production I120 General Welfare I310 Abstract: In this paper we explore the association between debt and psychological well-being amongst heads of households using the British Household Panel Survey. Our principle finding is that those household heads who have outstanding (non-mortgage) credit, and who have higher amounts of such debt, are significantly less likely to report complete psychological well-being. The average increase in the psychological distress is greater when outstanding credit is measured at the individual, as opposed to household, level. No such significant association is found in the case of mortgage debt. Our results highlight the psychological cost associated with the consumer credit culture in Britain. Notes: Keywords: Well Being; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200601 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2005.01.002 http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505589/description#description Author Address: U Leicester Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 658 Author: Browne, J. Year: 2009 Title: Income Tax and National Insurance Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, D. Miles and J. Shaw Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2009 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies in collaboration with Morgan Stanley Pages: 213-226 Short Title: Income Tax and National Insurance Keywords: Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies includes inheritance and gift taxes H240 Social Security and Public Pensions H550 Notes: Accession Number: 1084503; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-58-3; Keywords: Income Tax; Tax; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 201002 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies, London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 387 Author: Brunello, G.; Comi, S.; Lucifora, C. Year: 2001 Title: Education and Earnings in Europe: Italy Editor: C. Harmon, I. Walker and N. Westergaard-Nielsen Book Title: Education and earnings in Europe: A cross country analysis of the returns to education Publisher: Cheltenham, U.K. and Northampton, Mass.: Elgar; distributed by American International Distribution Corporation, Williston, Vt. Pages: 157-178 Short Title: Education and Earnings in Europe: Italy Keywords: Analysis of Education I210 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Education: Government Policy I280 Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Notes: Accession Number: 0651203; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-84064-530-X; Keywords: Earnings; Education; Geographic Descriptors: Italy; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200307 Author Address: U Padua Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, Milan Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Record Number: 85 Author: Bruno, M.; Pleskovic, B. e. Year: 1997 Title: Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics, 1996 Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank Number of Pages: iv Short Title: Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics, 1996 Keywords: International Linkages to Development Role of International Organizations O190 Economic Development: Financial Markets Saving and Capital Investment Corporate Finance and Governance O160 Economic Development: Human Resources Human Development Income Distribution Migration O150 Abstract: Eight papers, plus comments, originally presented at the Eighth Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics held in April 1996 in Washington, D.C., address four development themes: banking failures as crises or opportunities for reform; reducing poverty through targeted programs and rural finance; legal systems and economic development; and labor and environmental standards in international trade. Frederic S. Mishkin outlines an asymmetric information framework analyzing banking and financial crises. Gerard Caprio Jr. and Daniela Klingebiel examine bank insolvency and its causes. Timothy Besley considers the technocratic and institutional approaches to poverty alleviation and proposes a theoretical framework that shows how the two approaches can be modeled and incorporated into policy discussions. Ernest Aryeetey examines institutional developments and access for the poor in Africa. Robert D. Cooter explores the relationships between state law, effective law, and economic development. Avner Grief argues against the neoclassical theory that only legal contract enforcement facilitates anonymous exchange. Alan B. Krueger evaluates the arguments for and against international labor standards. Kym Anderson examines environmental standards and international trade. Bruno and Pleskovic are with the World Bank. No index. Notes: Accession Number: 0422846; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8213-3786-6; Keywords: Development; Finance; International Trade; Poverty; Trade; World Bank; Publication Type: Book; Update Code: 199707 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 927 Author: Burridge, P.; Wallis, K. F. Year: 2005 Title: Prediction Theory for Autoregressive-Moving Average Processes Editor: A. Harvey and T. Proietti Book Title: Readings in Unobserved Components Models Publisher: Advanced Texts in Econometrics. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 14-47 Short Title: Prediction Theory for Autoregressive-Moving Average Processes Reprint Edition: [1988] Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C320 Forecasting Methods Simulation Methods C530 Notes: Accession Number: 0851018; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-19-927865-2 (cloth); 0-19-927869-5 (pbk); Keywords: Autoregressive Moving Average; Autoregressive; Prediction; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200607 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1413 Author: Burton, J.; Blackaby, D. H.; Humphries, J.; Joshi, H. Year: 2006 Title: The Status of Women Economists in UK Universities Journal: Feminist Economics Volume: 12 Issue: 3 Pages: 436-451 Short Title: The Status of Women Economists in UK Universities ISSN: 13545701 DOI: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/13545701.asp Accession Number: 0878477 Alternate Accession Number: EP25066981 Keywords: Role of Economics Role of Economists A110 Analysis of Education I210 Economics of Gender Non-labor Discrimination J160 Professional Labor Markets Occupational Licensing J440 Notes: Keywords: Economists; Women; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200612; Copyright: Copyright of Feminist Economics is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/13545701.asp Author Address: Institute for Social and Economic Research, U Essex U Wales All Souls College, U Oxford U London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 226 Author: Busetti, F.; Fabiani, S.; Harvey, A. Year: 2006 Title: Convergence of Prices and Rates of Inflation Journal: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics Volume: 68 Pages: 863-877 Short Title: Convergence of Prices and Rates of Inflation ISSN: 03059049 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0305-9049 Accession Number: 0894873 Alternate Accession Number: EP23217225 Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Model Construction and Estimation C510 Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity R120 Abstract: We consider how unit-root and stationarity tests can be used to study the convergence of prices and rates of inflation. We show how the joint use of these tests in levels and first differences allows the researcher to distinguish between series that are converging and series that have already converged, and we set out a strategy to establish whether convergence occurs in relative prices or just in rates of inflation. Special attention is paid to the issue of whether a mean should be extracted in carrying out tests in first differences and whether there is an advantage to adopting a (Dickey-Fuller) unit-root test based on deviations from the last observation. The asymptotic distribution of this last test statistic is given and Monte Carlo simulation experiments show that the test yields considerable power gains for highly persistent autoregressive processes with 'relatively large' initial conditions. The tests are applied to the monthly series of the consumer price index in the Italian regional capitals over the period 1970-2003. Notes: Keywords: Unit Root; Geographic Descriptors: Italy; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200703; Copyright: Copyright of Oxford Bulletin of Economics & Statistics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0305-9049 Author Address: Bank of Italy Cambridge U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 677 Author: Busetti, F.; Forni, L.; Harvey, A.; Venditti, F. Year: 2006 Title of Work: Inflation convergence and divergence within the European Monetary Union Institution: European Central Bank, Working Paper Series: 574 Pages: 36 pages Short Title: Inflation convergence and divergence within the European Monetary Union DOI: http://www.ecb.int/pub/pdf/scpwps/ecbwp574.pdf Keywords: Hypothesis Testing: General C120 Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C320 Price Level Inflation Deflation E310 Abstract: We study the convergence properties of inflation rates among the countries of the European Monetary Union over the period 1980-2004. Given the Maastricht agreements and the adoption of the single currency, the sample can be naturally split into two parts, before and after the birth of the euro. We study convergence in the first sub-sample by means of univariate and multivariate unit root tests on inflation differentials, arguing that the power of the tests is considerably increased if the Dickey-Fuller regressions are run without an intercept term. Overall, we are able to accept the convergence hypothesis over the period 1980-1997. We then investigate whether the second sub-sample is characterized by stable inflation rates across the European countries. Using stationarity tests on inflation differentials, we find evidence of diverging behaviour. In particular, we can statistically detect two separate clusters, or convergence clubs: a lower inflation group that comprises Germany, France, Belgium, Austria, Finland and a higher inflation one with Spain, Netherlands, Greece, Portugal and Ireland. Italy appears to form a cluster of its own, standing in between the other two. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0821021; Keywords: Absolute Convergence, Inflation Differentials, Stability, Unit Root Tests.; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200603 URL: http://www.ecb.int/pub/pdf/scpwps/ecbwp574.pdf Author Address: Bank of Italy, Research Department, Via Nazionale 91, 00184 Rome, Italy University of Cambridge, Department of Applied Economics, Sidgwick Avenue, Cambridge CB3 9DE, United Kingdom Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 676 Author: Busetti, F.; Forni, L.; Harvey, A.; Venditti, F. Year: 2007 Title: Inflation Convergence and Divergence within the European Monetary Union Journal: International Journal of Central Banking Volume: 3 Issue: 2 Pages: 95-121 Short Title: Inflation Convergence and Divergence within the European Monetary Union ISSN: 18154654 DOI: http://www.ijcb.org/ Accession Number: 0937106 Keywords: Price Level Inflation Deflation E310 International Policy Coordination and Transmission F420 Abstract: We study the convergence properties of inflation rates among the countries of the European Monetary Union over the period 1980-2004. Given the Maastricht agreements and the adoption of the single currency, the sample can be naturally split into two parts, before and after the birth of the euro. We study convergence in the first subsample by means of unit-root tests on inflation differentials, arguing that for testing absolute convergence, a power gain is achieved if the Dickey-Fuller regressions are run without an intercept term. We find evidence for the convergence hypothesis over the period 1980-97 and a clear indication of the important role played by the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) in strengthening the convergence process. We then investigate whether the second subsample is characterized by stable inflation rates across the European countries. Using stationarity tests on inflation differentials, we find evidence of diverging behavior. In particular, we can statistically detect two separate clusters, or stability clubs: (i) a lower-inflation group that comprises Germany, France, Belgium, Austria, and Finland and (ii) a higher-inflation one with Spain, the Netherlands, Greece, Portugal, and Ireland. Italy appears to form a cluster of its own, standing between the other two. Notes: Keywords: Inflation; Geographic Descriptors: EMU; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200711 URL: http://www.ijcb.org/ Author Address: Bank of Italy U Cambridge Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1218 Author: Busetti, F.; Harvey, A. Year: 2002 Title of Work: Testing for Drift in a Time Series Institution: Department of Applied Economics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics Short Title: Testing for Drift in a Time Series DOI: http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/dae/repec/cam/pdf/wp0237.pdf Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Model Evaluation and Selection C520 Abstract: The paper presents various tests for assessing whether a time series is subject to drift. We first consider departures from the null hypothesis of no drift against the alternative of a deterministic and/or a non-stationary stochastic drift with initial value zero. We show that the standard t-test on the mean of first differences achieves high power in both directions of the alternative hypothesis and it seems preferable to locally best invariant tests specifically designed to test against a non-stationary drift. The test may be modified, parametrically or nonparametrically to deal with serial correlation. Tests for the null hypothesis of a non-stationary drift are then examined. The simple t-statistic, now standardized by the square root of the sample size, is again a viable alternative, but this time there is no need to correct for serial correlation. We present the asymptotic distribution of the test, provide critical values and compare its performance with that of the standard augmented Dickey-Fuller test procedures. We show that the t-test does not suffer from the large size distortion of the augmented Dickey-Fuller test for cases in which the variance of the nonstationary drift, the signal, is small compared to that of the stationary part of the model. The use of the tests is illustrated with data on global warming and electricity consumption. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0685485; Keywords: Cramer-von Mises distribution, locally best invariant test, stochastic trend, unit root, unobserved components; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/dae/repec/cam/pdf/wp0237.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1079 Author: Busetti, F.; Harvey, A. Year: 2003 Title: Seasonality Tests Journal: Journal of Business and Economic Statistics Volume: 21 Issue: 3 Pages: 420-436 Short Title: Seasonality Tests ISSN: 07350015 DOI: http://www.amstat.org/publications/jbes/ Accession Number: 0671469 Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Marriage Marital Dissolution Family Structure Domestic Abuse J120 Abstract: This article modifies and extends the test against nonstationary stochastic seasonality proposed by Canova and Hansen. A simplified form of the test statistic in which the nonparametric correction for serial correlation is based on estimates of the spectrum at the seasonal frequencies is considered and shown to have the same asymptotic distribution as the original formulation. Under the null hypothesis, the distribution of the seasonality test statistics is not affected by the inclusion of trends, even when modified to allow for structural breaks, or by the inclusion of regressors with nonseasonal unit roots. A parametric version of the test is proposed, and its performance is compared with that of the nonparametric test using Monte Carlo experiments. A test that allows for breaks in the seasonal pattern is then derived. It is shown that its asymptotic distribution is independent of the break point, and its use is illustrated with a series on U.K. marriages. A general test against any form of permanent seasonality, deterministic or stochastic, is suggested and compared with a Wald test for the significance of fixed seasonal dummies. It is noted that tests constructed in a similar way can be used to detect trading-day effects. An appealing feature of the proposed test statistics is that under the null hypothesis, they all have asymptotic distributions belonging to the Cramer-von Mises family. Notes: Keywords: Serial Correlation; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200401 URL: http://www.amstat.org/publications/jbes/ Author Address: Bank of Italy, Rome U Cambridge Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1231 Author: Busetti, F.; Harvey, A. Year: 2007 Title of Work: Tests of time-invariance Institution: Faculty of Economics (formerly DAE), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics Pages: 29-29 Short Title: Tests of time-invariance DOI: http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/dae/repec/cam/pdf/cwpe0657.pdf Keywords: Hypothesis Testing: General C120 Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Abstract: Quantiles provide a comprehensive description of the properties of a variable and tracking changes in quantiles over time using signal extraction methods can be informative. It is shown here how stationarity tests can be generalized to test the null hypothesis that a particular quantile is constant over time by using weighted indicators. Corresponding tests based on expectiles are also proposed; these might be expected to be more powerful for distributions that are not heavy-tailed. Tests for changing dispersion and asymmetry may be based on contrasts between particular quantiles or expectiles. We report Monte Carlo experiments investigating the effectiveness of the proposed tests and then move on to consider how to test for relative time invariance, based on residuals from fitting a time-varying level or trend. Empirical examples, using stock returns and U.S. inflation, provide an indication of the practical importance of the tests. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0904940; Keywords: Dispersion; expectiles; quantiles; skewness; stationarity tests; stochastic volatility, value at risk.; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200706 URL: http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/dae/repec/cam/pdf/cwpe0657.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1232 Author: Busetti, F.; Harvey, A. Year: 2007 Title of Work: Tests of time-invariance Institution: Faculty of Economics (formerly DAE), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics Pages: 29-29 Short Title: Tests of time-invariance DOI: http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/dae/repec/cam/pdf/cwpe0657.pdf Keywords: Hypothesis Testing: General C120 Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Abstract: Quantiles provide a comprehensive description of the properties of a variable and tracking changes in quantiles over time using signal extraction methods can be informative. It is shown here how stationarity tests can be generalized to test the null hypothesis that a particular quantile is constant over time by using weighted indicators. Corresponding tests based on expectiles are also proposed; these might be expected to be more powerful for distributions that are not heavy-tailed. Tests for changing dispersion and asymmetry may be based on contrasts between particular quantiles or expectiles. We report Monte Carlo experiments investigating the effectiveness of the proposed tests and then move on to consider how to test for relative time invariance, based on residuals from fitting a time-varying level or trend. Empirical examples, using stock returns and U.S. inflation, provide an indication of the practical importance of the tests. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0890452; Keywords: Dispersion; expectiles; quantiles; skewness; stationarity tests; stochastic volatility, value at risk.; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200703 URL: http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/dae/repec/cam/pdf/cwpe0657.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1225 Author: Busetti, F.; Harvey, A. Year: 2008 Title: Testing for Trend Journal: Econometric Theory Volume: 24 Issue: 1 Pages: 72-87 Short Title: Testing for Trend ISSN: 02664666 DOI: http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=ECT Accession Number: 0955362 Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Abstract: The paper examines various tests for assessing whether a time series model requires a slope component. We first consider the simple t-test on the mean of first differences and show that it achieves high power against the alternative hypothesis of a stochastic nonstationary slope and also against a purely deterministic slope. The test may be modified, parametrically or nonparametrically, to deal with serial correlation. Using both local limiting power arguments and finite-sample Monte Carlo results, we compare the t-test with the nonparametric tests of Vogelsang (1998, Econometrica 66, 123-148) and with a modified stationarity test. Overall the t-test seems a good choice, particularly if it is implemented by fitting a parametric model to the data. When standardized by the square root of the sample size, the simple t-statistic, with no correction for serial correlation, has a limiting distribution if the slope is stochastic. We investigate whether it is a viable test for the null hypothesis of a stochastic slope and conclude that its value may be limited by an inability to reject a small deterministic slope. Notes: Keywords: Serial Correlation; Time Series; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200803 URL: http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=ECT Author Address: Bank of Italy Cambridge U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1224 Author: Busetti, F.; Harvey, A. C. Year: 1998 Title of Work: Testing for the Presence of a Random Walk in Series with Structural Breaks - (Now published in Journal of Time Series Analysis, 22 (2001), pp.127-150.) Institution: Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, LSE, STICERD - Econometrics Paper Series Short Title: Testing for the Presence of a Random Walk in Series with Structural Breaks - (Now published in Journal of Time Series Analysis, 22 (2001), pp.127-150.) DOI: http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/em/em365.pdf Abstract: The paper considers tests for the presence of a random walk component in a stationary or trend stationary time series and extends them to series which contain structural breaks. The locally best invariant (LBI) test is derived and the asymptotic distribution obtained. Then a modified test statistic is proposed. The advantage of this statistic is that its asymptotic distribution is not dependent on the location of the breakpoint and its form is that of the generalised Cram?r-von Mises distribution, with degrees of freedom depending on the number of breakpoints. The performance of this modified test is shown, via some simulation experiments, to be comparable to that of the LBI test. An unconditional test, based on the assymption that there is a single break at an unknown point is also examined. The use of the tests is illustrated with data on the flow of the Nile and US Gross National Product. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0687273; Keywords: Brownian bridge, Cram?r-von Mises distribution, intervention analysis, locally best invariant test, structural time series model, unobserved components.; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/em/em365.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 91 Author: Canova, F.; Hansen, B. E. Year: 2005 Title: Are Seasonal Patterns Constant over Time? A Test for Seasonal Stability Editor: A. Harvey and T. Proietti Book Title: Readings in Unobserved Components Models Publisher: Advanced Texts in Econometrics. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 272-302 Short Title: Are Seasonal Patterns Constant over Time? A Test for Seasonal Stability Reprint Edition: [1995] Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Notes: Accession Number: 0851031; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-19-927865-2 (cloth); 0-19-927869-5 (pbk); ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200607 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1167 Author: Caplan, B. Year: 2009 Title: Symposium on Tim Besley's Principled Agents? The Political Economy of Good Government: Irrational Principals Journal: Review of Austrian Economics Volume: 22 Issue: 2 Pages: 159-167 Short Title: Symposium on Tim Besley's Principled Agents? The Political Economy of Good Government: Irrational Principals ISSN: 08893047 DOI: http://www.springerlink.com/link.asp?id=100335 Accession Number: 1059476 Alternate Accession Number: EP38999653 Keywords: Behavioral Economics: Underlying Principles D030 Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government H110 Abstract: Timothy Besley's Principled Agents? carefully surveys the modern social science literature on political agency problems and tries to chart a sensible middle course between the naive assumption that politicians maximize the public welfare and the pessimism of Virginia-style public choice. However, the literature that Besley showcases is seriously flawed. By building on the empirically discredited rational expectations assumption, it neglects the strongest normative argument against political accountability and overlooks the extent to which "agency failures" stem from principal negligence. Notes: Keywords: Government; Political; Politician; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200909; Copyright: Copyright of Review of Austrian Economics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11138-009-0073-9 http://www.springerlink.com/link.asp?id=100335 Author Address: George Mason U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 330 Author: Caprio, G., Jr.; Honohan, P.; Schiantarelli, F.; Bandiera, O. Year: 1999 Title of Work: Does Financial Reform Increase or Reduce Savings? Institution: The World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper Series: 2062 Short Title: Does Financial Reform Increase or Reduce Savings? DOI: http://econ.worldbank.org/docs/832.pdf Abstract: February 1999 How financial liberalization affects private saving is theoretically ambiguous, because the link between savings and interest-rate levels is ambiguous and because financial liberalization is a phased, multidimensional process, which sometimes involves reversals. Some dimensions of the process-such as increased household access to housing finance or consumer credit - might reduce rather than increase private saving. And liberalization's long-term effect on saving may differ substantially from its initial effect. Using Principal Components, Bandieri, Caprio, Honohan, and Schiantarelli construct a 25-year time series index of financial liberalization for each of eight developing countries: Chile, Ghana, Indonesia, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Turkey, and Zimbabwe. They use it in an econometric analysis of private saving in those countries. They find that the pattern of effects differs across countries. In sum, liberalization seems to have had a significant positive direct effect on saving in Ghana and Turkey and a negative effect in Korea and Mexico. No clear effect is discernible in the other countries. There is no evidence of significant, positive, and sizable interest-rate effects. Their results must be taken as an indication that there is no firm evidence that financial liberalization will increase saving. Indeed, under some circumstances, liberalization will be associated with a drop in saving. All in all, it would be unwise to rely on increased private saving as a channel through which financial liberalization can be expected to increase growth. Instead, improved resource allocation must be the primary channel. This paper-a product of Finance, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to analyze the effects of financial liberalization. Gerard Caprio may be contacted at gcaprio@worldbank.org. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0747994; Keywords: Domestic Finance; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200410 URL: http://econ.worldbank.org/docs/832.pdf Author Address: World Bank Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 778 Author: Cardoso, E. Year: 2005 Title: Lessons from Chile's Development in the 1990s: Comment Editor: T. Besley and R. Zagha Book Title: Development Challenges in the 1990s: Leading Policymakers Speak from Experience Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 158-160 Short Title: Lessons from Chile's Development in the 1990s: Comment Keywords: Current Account Adjustment Short-term Capital Movements F320 Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O110 Formal and Informal Sectors Shadow Economy Institutional Arrangements O170 International Linkages to Development Role of International Organizations O190 Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development O230 Notes: Accession Number: 0835736; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8213-5872-3; Keywords: Development; Geographic Descriptors: Chile; Geographic Region: Latin America and the Caribbean; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200605 Author Address: Tufts U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1010 Author: Cardoso, F. H. Year: 2005 Title: Reflections and Lessons from a Decade of Social Reforms in Brazil Editor: T. Besley and R. Zagha Book Title: Development Challenges in the 1990s: Leading Policymakers Speak from Experience Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 113-123 Short Title: Reflections and Lessons from a Decade of Social Reforms in Brazil Keywords: National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General H500 Welfare and Poverty: Government Programs Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs I380 Economic Development: Human Resources Human Development Income Distribution Migration O150 Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development O230 Notes: Accession Number: 0835731; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8213-5872-3; ; Geographic Descriptors: Brazil; Geographic Region: Latin America and the Caribbean; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200605 Author Address: Princeton U and Brown U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 804 Author: Carstens, A. Year: 2005 Title: Managing Argentina's 2002 Financial Crisis: Comment Editor: T. Besley and R. Zagha Book Title: Development Challenges in the 1990s: Leading Policymakers Speak from Experience Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 178-181 Short Title: Managing Argentina's 2002 Financial Crisis: Comment Keywords: International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions F330 International Lending and Debt Problems F340 Banks Other Depository Institutions Micro Finance Institutions Mortgages G210 Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation G280 Economic Development: Financial Markets Saving and Capital Investment Corporate Finance and Governance O160 International Linkages to Development Role of International Organizations O190 Notes: Accession Number: 0835739; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8213-5872-3; Keywords: Financial Crisis; Geographic Descriptors: Argentina; Geographic Region: Latin America and the Caribbean; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200605 Author Address: IMF Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 842 Author: Carter, C. K.; Kohn, R. Year: 2005 Title: On Gibbs Sampling for State Space Models Editor: A. Harvey and T. Proietti Book Title: Readings in Unobserved Components Models Publisher: Advanced Texts in Econometrics. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 338-353 Short Title: On Gibbs Sampling for State Space Models Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C320 Notes: Accession Number: 0851034; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-19-927865-2 (cloth); 0-19-927869-5 (pbk); Keywords: State Space Model; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200607 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 29 Author: Carvalho, V.; Harvey, A.; Trimbur, T. Year: 2007 Title: A Note on Common Cycles, Common Trends, and Convergence Journal: Journal of Business and Economic Statistics Volume: 25 Issue: 1 Pages: 12-20 Short Title: A Note on Common Cycles, Common Trends, and Convergence ISSN: 07350015 DOI: http://www.amstat.org/publications/jbes/ Accession Number: 0893944 Keywords: Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C320 Model Construction and Estimation C510 Business Fluctuations Cycles E320 Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes R110 Abstract: This article compares and contrasts structural time series models and the common features methodology. The way in which trends are handled is highlighted by describing a recent structural time series model that allows convergence to a common growth path. Postsample data are used to test its forecasting performance for income per head in U.S. regions. A test for common cycles is proposed, its asymptotic distribution is given, and small-sample properties are studied by Monte Carlo experiments. Applications are presented, with special attention given to the implications of using higher-order cycles. Notes: Keywords: Cycle; Time Series; Geographic Descriptors: Canada; U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200703 URL: http://www.amstat.org/publications/jbes/ Author Address: U Chicago U Cambridge Federal Reserve Board Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 224 Author: Carvalho, V. M.; Harvey, A. Year: 2004 Title of Work: Convergence and Cycles in the Euro Zone Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 4726 Short Title: Convergence and Cycles in the Euro Zone DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP4726.asp Keywords: Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C320 Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: General O400 Abstract: Multivariate unobserved components (structural) time series models are fitted to annual post-war observations on real income per capita in countries in the euro zone. The aim is to establish stylized facts about convergence as it relates both to long-run income levels and to cycles. The analysis is based on a new model in which convergence components are combined with a common trend and similar cycles. These convergence components are formulated as a second-order error correction mechanism that ensures that the extracted components change smoothly, thereby giving a clearer decomposition into long-run movements and cycles. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0765129; Keywords: balanced growth; error correction mechanism; Kalman filter; signal extraction; stochastic trend; unobserved components; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200503 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP4726.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 576 Author: Carvalho, V. M.; Harvey, A. C. Year: 2002 Title of Work: Growth, Cycles and Convergence in US Regional Time Series Institution: Department of Applied Economics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics Short Title: Growth, Cycles and Convergence in US Regional Time Series DOI: http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/dae/repec/cam/pdf/wp0221.pdf Keywords: Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C320 Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: General O400 Abstract: This article reports the results of fitting unobserved components (structural) time series models to data on real income per capita in eight regions of the United States. The aim is to establish stylised facts about cycles and convergence. A new model is developed in which convergence components are combined with a common trend and cycles. These convergence components are formulated as a second-order error correction mechanism which allows temporary divergence while imposing eventual convergence. This model is able to characterise the convergence patterns of all but the two richest US regions; these appear to have been diverging from the others in recent years. The use of unit root tests for testing convergence is critically assessed in the light of these results. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0685469; Keywords: balanced growth, error correction mechanism, Kalman filter, signal extraction, unobserved components; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/dae/repec/cam/pdf/wp0221.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 225 Author: Carvalho, V. M.; Harvey, A. C. Year: 2005 Title: Convergence in the Trends and Cycles of Euro-Zone Income Journal: Journal of Applied Econometrics Volume: 20 Issue: 2 Pages: 275-289 Short Title: Convergence in the Trends and Cycles of Euro-Zone Income ISSN: 08837252 DOI: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jhome/4079 Accession Number: 0783371 Keywords: Business Fluctuations Cycles E320 Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: Forecasting and Simulation E370 Measurement of Economic Growth Aggregate Productivity Cross-Country Output Convergence O470 Abstract: Multivariate unobserved components (structural) time series models are fitted to annual post-war observations on real income per capita in countries in the Euro-zone. The aim is to establish stylized facts about convergence as it relates both to long-run and short-run movements. A new model, in which convergence components are combined with a common trend and similar cycles, is proposed. The convergence components are formulated as a second-order error correction mechanism; this ensures that the extracted components change smoothly, thereby enabling them to be separated from transitory cycles. Notes: Keywords: Convergence; Cycle; Geographic Descriptors: EU; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200507 URL: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jhome/4079 Author Address: U Cambridge Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 577 Author: Carvalho, V. M.; Harvey, A. C. Year: 2005 Title: Growth, Cycles and Convergence in US Regional Time Series Journal: International Journal of Forecasting Volume: 21 Issue: 4 Pages: 667-686 Short Title: Growth, Cycles and Convergence in US Regional Time Series ISSN: 01692070 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505555/description#description Accession Number: 0829001 Keywords: Model Evaluation and Selection C520 Business Fluctuations Cycles E320 Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity R120 General Regional Economics: Econometric and Input-Output Models Other Models R150 Abstract: This article reports the results of fitting unobserved components (structural) time series models to data on real income per capita in eight regions of the United States. The aim is to establish stylised facts about cycles and convergence. It appears that while the cycles are highly correlated, the two richest regions have been diverging from the others in recent years. A new model is developed in order to characterise the converging behaviour of the six poorest regions. The model combines convergence components with a common trend and cycles. These convergence components are formulated as a second-order error correction mechanism which allows temporary divergence while imposing eventual convergence. After fitting the model, the implications for forecasting are examined. Finally, the use of unit root tests for testing convergence is critically assessed in the light of the stylised facts obtained from the fitted models. Notes: Keywords: Cycle; Regional; Regions; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200604 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2005.04.017 http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505555/description#description Author Address: U Chicago U Cambridge Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 708 Author: Caves, R. E. Year: 1995 Title: International Corporations: The Industrial Economics of Foreign Investment Editor: J. P. Neary Book Title: International trade. Volume 2. Production structure, trade and growth Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 59. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Elgar Pages: 327-353 Short Title: International Corporations: The Industrial Economics of Foreign Investment Reprint Edition: [1971] Keywords: Production, Pricing, and Market Structure Size Distribution of Firms L110 International Factor Movements and International Business: General F200 International Investment Long-term Capital Movements F210 Notes: Accession Number: 0449560; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-361-3; Keywords: Foreign Investment; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1327 Author: Cerny, A.; Miles, D.; Schmidt, L. U. Year: 2010 Title: The Impact of Changing Demographics and Pensions on the Demand for Housing and Financial Assets Journal: Journal of Pension Economics and Finance Volume: 9 Issue: 3 Pages: 393-420 Short Title: The Impact of Changing Demographics and Pensions on the Demand for Housing and Financial Assets ISSN: 14747472 DOI: http://www.pensions-journal.com/ Accession Number: 1126126 Keywords: Personal Finance D140 Portfolio Choice Investment Decisions G110 Social Security and Public Pensions H550 Economics of the Elderly Economics of the Handicapped Non-labor Market Discrimination J140 Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits Private Pensions J320 Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Housing Demand R210 Abstract: The main aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of shifting demographics and changes in pension arrangements in a model that includes housing as both an investment asset and a consumption good. We consider the impact on welfare, and on macroeconomic aggregates, of some specific pension reforms. Using a calibrated OLG model with several sources of uncertainty, we find that the impact of ageing and of reform of social security upon the demand for housing and the level of owner occupation is substantial. We find that pension reform has a very significant impact on the demand for, and price of, housing. The interaction between pension reform and housing is a neglected subject and one which the results we present suggest is important. Notes: Keywords: Ageing; Demographics; Housing; Pension; Social Security; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201009 URL: http://www.pensions-journal.com/ Author Address: City U London Bank of England and Imperial College London UBS London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1051 Author: Cerny, A.; Miles, D. K. Year: 2001 Title of Work: Risk Return and Portfolio Allocation under Alternative Pension Systems with Imperfect Financial Markets Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 2779 Short Title: Risk Return and Portfolio Allocation under Alternative Pension Systems with Imperfect Financial Markets DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP2779.asp Keywords: Intertemporal Consumer Choice Life Cycle Models and Saving D910 Insurance Insurance Companies G220 Social Security and Public Pensions H550 Economics of the Elderly Economics of the Handicapped Non-labor Market Discrimination J140 Abstract: This Paper uses stochastic simulations on calibrated models to assess the steady state impact of different pension arrangements in an environment where financial markets are less than perfect. Surprisingly little is known about the optimal split between funded and unfunded systems when there are sources of uninsurable risk that are allocated in different ways by different types of pension system and where there are imperfections in financial markets (eg transaction costs or adverse selection). This Paper calculates the expected welfare of agents in different economies where in the steady state the importance of unfunded state pensions differs. We estimate how the optimal level of unfunded state pensions depends on rate of return and income risks and also upon the actuarial fairness of annuity contracts. We focus on the case of Japan where ageing is rapid and unfunded pensions are currently generous. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0694057; Keywords: Annuities; Demographics; Pensions; Portfolio Allocation; Risk-Sharing; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP2779.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1326 Author: Cerny, A.; Miles, D. K.; Schmidt, L. Year: 2005 Title of Work: The Impact of Changing Demographics and Pensions on The Demand for Housing and Financial Assets Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 5143 Short Title: The Impact of Changing Demographics and Pensions on The Demand for Housing and Financial Assets DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP5143.asp Keywords: Optimization Techniques Programming Models Dynamic Analysis C610 Portfolio Choice Investment Decisions G110 Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Household H310 Social Security and Public Pensions H550 Abstract: Using a calibrated OLG model with several sources of uncertainty we find that the impact of ageing and of reform of social security upon the demand for housing and the level of owner occupation is substantial. The overall structure of household asset holdings - in particular the split between real and financial assets--is sensitive to demographics and to the generosity of state run, pay-as-you-go pensions. The interaction between social security reform and housing market conditions is significant and suggests that any changes in pension rules will have substantial knock on effects on the housing market. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0787717; Keywords: housing; OLG model; pension reform; portfolio allocation; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200508 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP5143.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 163 Author: Chege, M. Year: 2005 Title: Changing Views and Approaches to Africa's Development: Comment Editor: T. Besley and R. Zagha Book Title: Development Challenges in the 1990s: Leading Policymakers Speak from Experience Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 273-276 Short Title: Changing Views and Approaches to Africa's Development: Comment Keywords: Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O110 International Linkages to Development Role of International Organizations O190 Development Planning and Policy: General O200 Notes: Accession Number: 0835753; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8213-5872-3; Keywords: Development; Geographic Descriptors: Ghana; Geographic Region: Africa; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200605 Author Address: U Florida Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Record Number: 1205 Author: Chennells, L.; Griffith, R. Year: 1997 Title: Taxing profits in a changing world Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Number of Pages: x Short Title: Taxing profits in a changing world Keywords: International Fiscal Issues International Public Goods H870 Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Abstract: Considers what evidence there is in support of various models of tax competition between countries, focusing on corporate income tax reforms in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Describes the major reforms that have taken place in these ten countries. Examines how tax revenues in the countries have evolved. Considers effective tax rates on domestic and international investments and the extent to which they have converged over time and across sources of finance and type of asset. Presents an alternative measure of the average tax rate using firm-level accounting data. Examines whether capital import and capital export neutrality hold and the degree to which tax rates have converged over countries. Discusses theoretical models of tax-setting behavior and considers whether the data are helpful in distinguishing between the various models. Chennells is Senior Research Economist and Griffith is Programme Co-ordinator at the Institute for Fiscal Studies. No index. Notes: Accession Number: 0469959; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-873357-73-7; Keywords: Income Tax; Revenue; Tax; Publication Type: Book; Update Code: 199807 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1333 Author: Chevalier, A.; Harmon, C.; O'Sullivan, V.; Walker, I. Year: 2005 Title of Work: The impact of parental income and education on the schooling of their children Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W05/05 Short Title: The impact of parental income and education on the schooling of their children DOI: http://www.ifs.org.uk/wps/wp0505.pdf Keywords: Education and Research Institutions: General I200 Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility Promotion J620 Abstract: This paper addresses the intergeneration transmission of education and investigates the extent to which early school leaving (at age 16) may be due to variations in permanent income, parental education levels, and shocks to income at this age. Least squares estimation reveals conventional results - stronger effects of maternal education than paternal, and stronger effects on sons than daughters. We find that the education effects remain significant even when household income is included. Moreover, decomposing the income when the child is 16 between a permanent component and shocks to income at age 16 only the latter is significant. It would appear that education is an important input even when we control for permanent income but that credit constraints at age 16 are also influential. However, when we use instrumental variable methods to simultaneously account for the endogeneity of parental education and paternal income, we find that the strong effects of parental education become insignificant and permanent income matters much more, while the effects of shocks to household income at 16 remain important. A similar pattern of results are reflected in the main measure of scholastic achievement at age 16. These findings have important implications for the design of policies aimed at encouraging pupils to remain in school longer. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0769032; Keywords: Early school leaving, intergenerational transmission; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200504 URL: http://www.ifs.org.uk/wps/wp0505.pdf Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies and University of Warwick Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1334 Author: Chevalier, A.; Harmon, C.; O'Sullivan, V.; Walker, I. Year: 2010 Title of Work: The Impact of Parental Income and Education on the Schooling of their Children Institution: Geary Institute, University College Dublin, Working Papers: 201032 Pages: 32 pages Short Title: The Impact of Parental Income and Education on the Schooling of their Children DOI: http://www.ucd.ie/geary/static/publications/workingpapers/gearywp201032.pdf Keywords: Education and Research Institutions: General I200 Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility Promotion J620 Abstract: This paper addresses the intergenerational transmission of education and investigates the extent to which early school leaving (at age 16) may be due to variations in parental background. An important contribution of the paper is to distinguish between the causal effects of parental income and parental education levels. Least squares estimation reveals conventional results--weak effects of income (when the child is 16), stronger effects of maternal education than paternal, and stronger effects on sons than daughters. We find that the education effects remain significant even when household income is included. However, when we use instrumental variable methods to simultaneously account for the endogeneity of parental education and paternal income, only maternal education remains significant (for daughters only) and becomes stronger. These estimates are consistent to various set of instruments. The impact of paternal income varies between specifications but become insignificant in our preferred specification. Our results provide limited evidence that policies alleviating income constraints at age 16 can alter schooling decisions but that policies increasing permanent income would lead to increased participation (especially for daughters). There is also evidence of intergenerational transmissions of education choice from mothers to daughters. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1117520; Keywords: Early school leaving, intergenerational transmission; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 201007 URL: http://www.ucd.ie/geary/static/publications/workingpapers/gearywp201032.pdf Author Address: Royal Holloway - University of London and IZA University College Dublin and IZA University of Warwick Lancaster University Management School and IZA Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1329 Author: Chevalier, A.; Harmon, C.; O'Sullivan, V.; Walker, I. Year: 2011 Title of Work: The Impact of Parental Earnings and Education on the Schooling of Children Institution: Geary Institute, University College Dublin, Working Papers: 201112 Pages: 42 pages Short Title: The Impact of Parental Earnings and Education on the Schooling of Children DOI: http://www.ucd.ie/geary/static/publications/workingpapers/gearywp201112.pdf Keywords: Education and Research Institutions: General I200 Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility Promotion J620 Abstract: This paper addresses the intergenerational transmission of education and investigates the extent to which early school leaving (at age 16) may be due to variations in parental background. An important contribution of the paper is to distinguish between the causal effects of parental income and parental education levels. Least squares estimation reveals conventional results--weak effects of income (when the child is 16), stronger effects of maternal education than paternal, and stronger effects on sons than daughters. We find that the education effects remain significant even when household income is included. However, when we use instrumental variable methods to simultaneously account for the endogeneity of parental education and paternal income, only maternal education remains significant (for daughters only) and becomes stronger. These estimates are consistent across various sets of instruments. The impact of paternal income varies between specifications but becomes insignificant in our favored specifications. Our results provide only limited support for policies that alleviate income constraints at age 16 in order to alter schooling decisions. In contrast, our results do suggest that policies which increase permanent income would lead to increased participation (especially for daughters). Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1258131; Keywords: Early school leaving, intergenerational transmission; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 201109 URL: http://www.ucd.ie/geary/static/publications/workingpapers/gearywp201112.pdf Author Address: Royal Holloway, University of London, IZA University College Dublin, Australian National University, IZA TILDA, Trinity College Dublin, The ESRI Lancaster University Management School, IZA Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1335 Author: Chevalier, A.; Harmon, C.; Walker, I.; O'Sullivan, V. Year: 2010 Title of Work: The Impact of Parental Income and Education on the Schooling of their Children Institution: Lancaster University Management School, Economics Department, Working Papers: 006814 Short Title: The Impact of Parental Income and Education on the Schooling of their Children DOI: http://www.lums.lancs.ac.uk/publications/viewpdf/006814/ Abstract: This paper addresses the intergenerational transmission of education and investigates the extent to which early school leaving (at age 16) may be due to variations in parental background. An important contribution of the paper is to distinguish between the causal effects of parental income and parental education levels. Least squares estimation reveals conventional results--weak effects of income (when the child is 16), stronger effects of maternal education than paternal, and stronger effects on sons than daughters. We find that the education effects remain significant even when household income is included. However, when we use instrumental variable methods to simultaneously account for the endogeneity of parental education and paternal income, only maternal education remains significant (for daughters only) and becomes stronger. These estimates are consistent to various set of instruments. The impact of paternal income varies between specifications but become insignificant in our preferred specification. Our results provide limited evidence that policies alleviating income constraints at age 16 can alter schooling decisions but that policies increasing permanent income would lead to increased participation (especially for daughters). There is also evidence of intergenerational transmissions of education choice from mothers to daughters. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1130183; Keywords: Early school leaving, intergenerational transmission; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 201009 URL: http://www.lums.lancs.ac.uk/publications/viewpdf/006814/ Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 326 Author: Chevalier, A.; Harmon, C.; Walker, I.; Zhu, Y. Year: 2003 Title of Work: Does Education Raise Productivity or Just Reflect It? Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 3993 Short Title: Does Education Raise Productivity or Just Reflect It? DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3993.asp Keywords: Education and Research Institutions: General I200 Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General J300 Abstract: It is clear that education has an important effect on wages paid in the labour market. It is not clear, however, whether this is due to the role that education plays in raising the productivity of workers (the human capital explanation) or whether education simply reflects the ability of the worker (through a signalling role). In this Paper we describe and implement, using a variety of UK datasets, a number of tests from the existing literature for discriminating between the two explanations. We find little support for signalling ideas in these tests. We have, however, severe reservations about these results because of our doubts about the power of these tests and the appropriateness of the data. We propose an alternative test, based on the response of some individuals to a change in education incentives offered to other individuals caused by the changes in the minimum school leaving age in the 1970s. Using this idea, we find that data in the UK appears to strongly support the human capital explanation. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0695247; Keywords: human capital; screening; signalling; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3993.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 394 Author: Chevalier, A.; Walker, I. Year: 2001 Title: Education and Earnings in Europe: United Kingdom Editor: C. Harmon, I. Walker and N. Westergaard-Nielsen Book Title: Education and earnings in Europe: A cross country analysis of the returns to education Publisher: Cheltenham, U.K. and Northampton, Mass.: Elgar; distributed by American International Distribution Corporation, Williston, Vt. Pages: 302-330 Short Title: Education and Earnings in Europe: United Kingdom Keywords: Analysis of Education I210 Education: Government Policy I280 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Notes: Accession Number: 0651210; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-84064-530-X; Keywords: Earnings; Education; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200307 Author Address: London School of Economics U Warwick and Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Record Number: 1313 Author: Chote, R. Year: 2005 Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2005 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies in collaboration with Morgan Stanley Number of Pages: v Short Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2005 Keywords: National Budget Budget Systems H610 Fiscal Policy E620 National Debt Debt Management Sovereign Debt H630 Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General H200 Fertility Family Planning Child Care Children Youth J130 Abstract: Eight papers analyze public finance issues in the United Kingdom, commenting on recent and upcoming government budgets. Papers address the fiscal policy framework (Robert Chote and Carl Emmerson); the economic outlook (David Miles); public finance forecasts (Chote, Emmerson, and Christine Frayne); funding issues and debt management (Miles); the tax burden under Labour (Emmerson, Frayne, and Gemma Tetlow); the distributional effects of tax and benefit reforms since 1997 (Stuart Adam and Matthew Wakefield); issues in business taxation (Alexander Klemm); and reforms to childcare policy (Mike Brewer, Claire Crawford, and Lorraine Dearden). Coeditors are Carl Emmerson, David Miles, and Zoe Oldfield. Chote is with the Institute of Fiscal Studies. No index. Notes: Accession Number: 0775536 Partial authors List; ; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-903274-40-0; Keywords: Budget; Debt; Fiscal Policy; Policy; Public Finance; Tax; Publication Type: Book; Update Code: 200506 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1321 Author: Chote, R. Year: 2006 Title: The IFS Green Budget: Preface Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, R. Harrison and D. Miles Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2006 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies in collaboration with Morgan Stanley Short Title: The IFS Green Budget: Preface Keywords: Introductory Material Y200 Notes: Accession Number: 0925439; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-903274-44-3; ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200708 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1323 Author: Chote, R. Year: 2007 Title: The IFS Green Budget: Preface Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, A. Leicester and D. Miles Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2007 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Pages: iii-iii Short Title: The IFS Green Budget: Preface Keywords: Introductory Material Y200 Notes: Accession Number: 0973595; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-48-4; ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200806 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1319 Author: Chote, R. Year: 2008 Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2008: Preface Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, D. Miles and J. Shaw Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2008 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Short Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2008: Preface Keywords: Introductory Material Y200 Notes: Accession Number: 1018224; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-52-1; ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200902 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1322 Author: Chote, R. Year: 2009 Title: The IFS Green Budget: Preface Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, D. Miles and J. Shaw Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2009 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies in collaboration with Morgan Stanley Pages: iii-iii Short Title: The IFS Green Budget: Preface Keywords: Introductory Material Y200 Notes: Accession Number: 1084492; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-58-3; ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 201002 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies, London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 970 Author: Chote, R.; Emmerson, C.; Frayne, C. Year: 2006 Title: Public Finance Forecasts Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, R. Harrison and D. Miles Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2006 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies in collaboration with Morgan Stanley Pages: 92-109 Short Title: Public Finance Forecasts Keywords: Forecasting Methods Simulation Methods C530 National Budget Budget Systems H610 Notes: Accession Number: 0925444; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-903274-44-3; Keywords: Forecast; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200708 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 978 Author: Chote, R.; Emmerson, C.; Frayne, C. Year: 2006 Title: Public Spending Pressures Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, R. Harrison and D. Miles Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2006 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies in collaboration with Morgan Stanley Pages: 71-91 Short Title: Public Spending Pressures Keywords: National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General H500 Notes: Accession Number: 0925443; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-903274-44-3; ; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200708 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1296 Author: Chote, R.; Emmerson, C.; Frayne, C. Year: 2006 Title: The Fiscal Policy Framework Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, R. Harrison and D. Miles Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2006 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies in collaboration with Morgan Stanley Pages: 7-46 Short Title: The Fiscal Policy Framework Keywords: Business Fluctuations Cycles E320 Fiscal Policy E620 National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General H500 National Budget Budget Systems H610 National Deficit Surplus H620 National Debt Debt Management Sovereign Debt H630 Notes: Accession Number: 0925441; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-903274-44-3; Keywords: Fiscal Policy; Policy; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200708 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 571 Author: Chote, R.; Emmerson, C.; Frayne, C.; Tetlow, G. Year: 2007 Title: Green Budget Public Finance Forecasts Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, A. Leicester and D. Miles Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2007 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Pages: 82-98 Short Title: Green Budget Public Finance Forecasts Keywords: Fiscal Policy E620 Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General H200 National Budget Budget Systems H610 National Debt Debt Management Sovereign Debt H630 Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt H680 Notes: Accession Number: 0973599; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-48-4; Keywords: Budget; Public Finance; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200806 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1298 Author: Chote, R.; Emmerson, C.; Frayne, C.; Tetlow, G. Year: 2007 Title: The Fiscal Rules and Policy Framework Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, A. Leicester and D. Miles Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2007 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Pages: 32-56 Short Title: The Fiscal Rules and Policy Framework Keywords: Business Fluctuations Cycles E320 Fiscal Policy E620 National Budget Budget Systems H610 National Debt Debt Management Sovereign Debt H630 Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt H680 Notes: Accession Number: 0973597; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-48-4; Keywords: Policy; Geographic Descriptors: OECD; U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200806 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1395 Author: Chote, R.; Emmerson, C.; Frayne, C.; Tetlow, G. Year: 2007 Title: The Public Finances under Mr Brown Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, A. Leicester and D. Miles Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2007 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Pages: 7-31 Short Title: The Public Finances under Mr Brown Keywords: Fiscal Policy E620 Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General H200 National Budget Budget Systems H610 National Debt Debt Management Sovereign Debt H630 Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt H680 Notes: Accession Number: 0973596; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-48-4; Keywords: Public Finance; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200806 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Record Number: 1316 Author: Chote, R.; Emmerson, C.; Harrison, R.; Miles, D. e. Year: 2006 Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2006 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies in collaboration with Morgan Stanley Number of Pages: vi Short Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2006 Keywords: National Budget Budget Systems H610 Fiscal Policy E620 Technological Change: Government Policy O380 Tax Evasion H260 Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Abstract: Nine papers analyze public finance issues in the United Kingdom, commenting on recent and upcoming government budgets. Papers discuss the fiscal policy framework; the economic outlook; public spending pressures; public finance forecasts; funding issues and debt management; whether tax credits are fixed or beyond repair; productivity policy; company taxation; and tax avoidance. Chote is the director of the Institute for Fiscal Studies. No index. Notes: Accession Number: 0843383; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-903274-44-3; Keywords: Budget; Debt; Fiscal Policy; Policy; Public Finance; Tax; Taxation; Publication Type: Book; Update Code: 200606 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Record Number: 1317 Author: Chote, R.; Emmerson, C.; Leicester, A.; Miles, D. e. Year: 2007 Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2007 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Number of Pages: xi Short Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2007 Keywords: National Budget Budget Systems H610 Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General H200 Fiscal Policy E620 Environmental Economics: Government Policy Q580 Abstract: Eleven papers analyze public finance issues in the United Kingdom, focusing on some of the issues confronting Gordon Brown in what is expected to be his final budget as Chancellor of the Exchequer. Papers discuss the public finances under Mr. Brown; the fiscal rules and policy framework; the economic outlook; Green Budget public finance forecasts; funding issues and debt management; challenges for public spending; public services performance; value-added tax fraud and evasion; taxation of multinationals and the European Court of Justice; environmental taxation; and supporting couples with children through the tax system. Chote is Director at the Institute for Fiscal Studies. No index. Notes: Accession Number: 0904385; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-48-4; Keywords: Budget; Debt; Policy; Public Finance; Tax; Taxation; Publication Type: Book; Update Code: 200706 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Record Number: 1318 Author: Chote, R.; Emmerson, C.; Miles, D.; Shaw, J. e. Year: 2008 Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2008 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Number of Pages: xii Short Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2008 Keywords: National Budget Budget Systems H610 Fiscal Policy E620 National Debt Debt Management Sovereign Debt H630 Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General H200 Abstract: Thirteen papers analyze public finance issues in the United Kingdom, focusing on the issues confronting Alistair Darling in his first budget as Chancellor of the Exchequer. Papers discuss the public finances under the Labour Party; the fiscal rules and policy framework; the economic outlook; Green Budget public finance forecasts; funding, debt management, and credit market problems; pressures on public spending; public sector pay and pensions; aviation taxes; capital gains tax; corporation tax and entrepreneurship; taxation of companies' foreign profits; tax simplification; and the impact of tax and benefit reforms to be implemented in April 2008. Chote is Director at the Institute for Fiscal Studies. No index. Notes: Accession Number: 0988315; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-52-1; Keywords: Budget; Debt; Debt; Policy; Public Finance; Tax; Taxation; Taxes; Publication Type: Book; Update Code: 200809 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Record Number: 1320 Author: Chote, R.; Emmerson, C.; Miles, D.; Shaw, J. e. Year: 2009 Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2009 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies in collaboration with Morgan Stanley Number of Pages: xi Short Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2009 Keywords: National Budget Budget Systems H610 Fiscal Policy E620 Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General H200 Abstract: Eleven papers analyze public finance issues in the United Kingdom, focusing on the issues confronting Alistair Darling in his second budget as Chancellor of the Exchequer. Papers discuss the public finances under the Labour Party; the fiscal impact of the credit crunch; the economic outlook; the fiscal rules and policy framework; Green Budget public finance forecasts; funding government borrowing; government and the financial sector; public spending--set for a squeeze; value added tax; income tax and national insurance; and business taxation. Chote is Director of the Institute for Fiscal Studies. No index. Notes: Accession Number: 1056877; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-58-3; Keywords: Budget; Policy; Public Finance; Tax; Publication Type: Book; Update Code: 200909 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Record Number: 1312 Author: Chote, R.; Emmerson, C.; Oldfield, Z. e. Year: 2004 Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2004 Publisher: Commentary 95. London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Number of Pages: 127-127 Short Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2004 Keywords: National Budget Budget Systems H610 Fiscal Policy E620 Housing Markets, Production Analysis, and Firm Location: General R300 Abstract: Six papers analyze public finance issues in the United Kingdom, commenting on recent and upcoming government budgets. Papers address the planning of the public finances (Robert Chote, Carl Emmerson, Christine Frayne, and Sarah Love); Institute for Fiscal Studies public finance forecasts (Chote, Emmerson, Frayne, and Love); options for raising revenue (Stuart Adam and Howard Reed); the taxation of housing (Andrew Leicester and Zoe Oldfield); company taxation (Stephen Bond, Alexander Klemm, and Helen Simpson); and issues in public service delivery (Emmerson and Love). No index. Notes: Accession Number: 0744639; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-903274-36-2; Keywords: Budget; Publication Type: Book; Update Code: 200410 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Record Number: 1311 Author: Chote, R.; Emmerson, C.; Simpson, H. e. Year: 2003 Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2003 Publisher: Commentary 92. London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Number of Pages: 151-151 Short Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2003 Keywords: National Budget Budget Systems H610 Welfare and Poverty: Government Programs Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs I380 Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General H200 Fertility Family Planning Child Care Children Youth J130 Fiscal Policy E620 Abstract: Eight papers analyze public finance issues in the United Kingdom, commenting on recent and upcoming government budgets. Papers address the planning of the public finances (Robert Chote, Carl Emmerson, Christine Frayne, and Alexander Klemm); Institute for Fiscal Studies public finance forecasts (Chote, Emmerson, and Frayne); what the child poverty targets mean for the child tax credit (Mike Brewer and Greg Kaplan); income tax and National Insurance contributions (Stuart Adam and Howard Reed); company taxation and innovation policy (Stephen Bond, Rupert Harrison, Mike Hawkins, Klemm, and Helen Simpson); childcare subsidies (Gillian Paull); the measurement of public sector efficiency (Ian Crawford, Klemm, and Simpson); and the distributional effects of fiscal reforms since 1997 (Bond and Matthew Wakefield). No index. Notes: Accession Number: 0658416; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-903274-29-X; Keywords: Budget; Child; Public Finance; Tax; Taxation; Publication Type: Book; Update Code: 200309 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 572 Author: Chote, R.; Emmerson, C.; Tetlow, G. Year: 2008 Title: Green Budget Public Finance Forecasts Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, D. Miles and J. Shaw Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2008 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Pages: 88-107 Short Title: Green Budget Public Finance Forecasts Keywords: Fiscal Policy E620 National Budget Budget Systems H610 National Deficit Surplus H620 National Debt Debt Management Sovereign Debt H630 Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt H680 Notes: Accession Number: 1018228; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-52-1; Keywords: Budget; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200902 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1297 Author: Chote, R.; Emmerson, C.; Tetlow, G. Year: 2008 Title: The Fiscal Rules and Policy Framework Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, D. Miles and J. Shaw Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2008 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Pages: 29-61 Short Title: The Fiscal Rules and Policy Framework Keywords: Business Fluctuations Cycles E320 Fiscal Policy E620 Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation G280 National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: General H600 National Budget Budget Systems H610 National Debt Debt Management Sovereign Debt H630 Notes: Accession Number: 1018226; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-52-1; Keywords: Policy; Geographic Descriptors: OECD; U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200902 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1394 Author: Chote, R.; Emmerson, C.; Tetlow, G. Year: 2008 Title: The Public Finances under Labour Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, D. Miles and J. Shaw Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2008 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Pages: 9-28 Short Title: The Public Finances under Labour Keywords: Fiscal Policy E620 National Budget Budget Systems H610 National Deficit Surplus H620 National Debt Debt Management Sovereign Debt H630 Notes: Accession Number: 1018225; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-52-1; ; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200902 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 570 Author: Chote, R.; Emmerson, C.; Tetlow, G. Year: 2009 Title: Green Budget Public Finance Forecasts Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, D. Miles and J. Shaw Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2009 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies in collaboration with Morgan Stanley Pages: 113-132 Short Title: Green Budget Public Finance Forecasts Keywords: National Budget Budget Systems H610 National Debt Debt Management Sovereign Debt H630 Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt H680 Notes: Accession Number: 1084498; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-58-3; Keywords: Budget; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 201002 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies, London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1295 Author: Chote, R.; Emmerson, C.; Tetlow, G. Year: 2009 Title: The Fiscal Impact of the Credit Crunch Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, D. Miles and J. Shaw Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2009 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies in collaboration with Morgan Stanley Pages: 35-49 Short Title: The Fiscal Impact of the Credit Crunch Keywords: Price Level Inflation Deflation E310 Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects E430 Fiscal Policy E620 Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies includes inheritance and gift taxes H240 National Debt Debt Management Sovereign Debt H630 Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt H680 Notes: Accession Number: 1084495; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-58-3; ; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 201002 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies, London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1299 Author: Chote, R.; Emmerson, C.; Tetlow, G. Year: 2009 Title: The Fiscal Rules and Policy Framework Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, D. Miles and J. Shaw Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2009 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies in collaboration with Morgan Stanley Pages: 81-112 Short Title: The Fiscal Rules and Policy Framework Keywords: Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects E430 Fiscal Policy E620 National Budget Budget Systems H610 National Debt Debt Management Sovereign Debt H630 Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt H680 Notes: Accession Number: 1084497; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-58-3; Keywords: Policy; Geographic Descriptors: OECD; U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 201002 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies, London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1393 Author: Chote, R.; Emmerson, C.; Tetlow, G. Year: 2009 Title: The Public Finances under Labour Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, D. Miles and J. Shaw Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2009 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies in collaboration with Morgan Stanley Pages: 8-34 Short Title: The Public Finances under Labour Keywords: Fiscal Policy E620 Studies of Particular Policy Episodes E650 Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt H680 Notes: Accession Number: 1084494; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-58-3; ; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 201002 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies, London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1515 Author: Chowdhury, G.; Green, C.; Miles, D. Year: 1994 Title: U.K. Companies' Short-Term Financial Decisions: Evidence from Company Accounts Data Journal: Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies Volume: 62 Issue: 4 Pages: 395-411 Short Title: U.K. Companies' Short-Term Financial Decisions: Evidence from Company Accounts Data ISSN: 00252034 Accession Number: 0349883 Keywords: Financing Policy Financial Risk and Risk Management Capital and Ownership Structure G320 Abstract: Short-term financial decisions of companies are modeled with data from the published accounts of a sample of U.K. companies. The total short-term financing requirement is modeled as a buffer, absorbing deficits and surpluses elsewhere in the company's accounts. The focus is on the allocation of this total across four financial instruments: short-term bank borrowing, liquid assets, trade credit given and received. The major determinants of the allocation are found to be the company's mainstream operations (investment, profits, etc), its balance-sheet position, and economy-wide factors (interest rates, tax rates, statutory controls). There is evidence of systematic differences in behavior across companies related to size and profitability. Notes: Keywords: Financing; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199505 Author Address: Northeastern U Cardiff Business School Merrill Lynch Ltd & Birkbeck College, U London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 192 Author: Chowdhury, G.; Green, C. J.; Miles, D. K. Year: 1989 Title: Company Bank Borrowing and Liquid Lending Journal: National Westminster Bank Quarterly Review Pages: 42-52 Short Title: Company Bank Borrowing and Liquid Lending Accession Number: 0229114 Keywords: Business Finance 5210 Notes: Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199006 Author Address: Bank of England Bank England Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 979 Author: Chowdry, H.; Crawford, R.; Emmerson, C.; Tetlow, G. Year: 2009 Title: Public Spending: Set for a Squeeze Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, D. Miles and J. Shaw Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2009 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies in collaboration with Morgan Stanley Pages: 167-193 Short Title: Public Spending: Set for a Squeeze Keywords: Fiscal Policy E620 National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General H500 Social Security and Public Pensions H550 Higher Education and Research Institutions I230 Measurement and Analysis of Poverty I320 Fertility Family Planning Child Care Children Youth J130 Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Europe: 1913- N440 Notes: Accession Number: 1084501; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-58-3; ; Geographic Descriptors: OECD; U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 201002 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies, London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 380 Author: Christensen, J. J.; Westergaard-Nielsen, N. Year: 2001 Title: Education and Earnings in Europe: Denmark Editor: C. Harmon, I. Walker and N. Westergaard-Nielsen Book Title: Education and earnings in Europe: A cross country analysis of the returns to education Publisher: Cheltenham, U.K. and Northampton, Mass.: Elgar; distributed by American International Distribution Corporation, Williston, Vt. Pages: 54-67 Short Title: Education and Earnings in Europe: Denmark Keywords: Analysis of Education I210 Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Education: Government Policy I280 Notes: Accession Number: 0651197; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-84064-530-X; Keywords: Earnings; Education; Geographic Descriptors: Denmark; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200307 Author Address: Centre for Labour Market and Social Studies, U Aarhus Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 120 Author: Chui, M.; Taylor, A.; Backhouse, R. E.; Rahi, R.; Lewis, P.; Bridel, P.; O'Brien, D. P.; Goenka, A.; Bailey, R. W.; Miles, D.; Cubitt, R.; Kubler, F.; Goodhart, C.; Webber, D. J.; Schaffer, M.; Spencer, P.; Fuhrer, J.; Zhihao, Y. Year: 2002 Title: Book Reviews Volume: 112 Issue: 483 Pages: 566-607 Short Title: Book Reviews ISSN: 00130133 Accession Number: EP8687934 Notes: Publication Type: Book Review; Copyright: Copyright of Economic Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 942 Author: Clark, D.; Thomas, J. Year: 1995 Title: Probabilistic Voting, Campaign Contributions, and Efficiency Journal: American Economic Review Volume: 85 Issue: 1 Pages: 254-259 Short Title: Probabilistic Voting, Campaign Contributions, and Efficiency ISSN: 00028282 DOI: http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ Accession Number: 0351408 Alternate Accession Number: EP9504060396 Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Notes: Keywords: Campaigns; Voting; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199507; Copyright: Copyright of American Economic Review is the property of American Economic Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ Author Address: NFH, U Tromso, Norway U Warwick Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Record Number: 1204 Author: Cnossen, S. e. Year: 2000 Title: Taxing capital income in the European Union: Issues and options for reform Publisher: Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press Number of Pages: x Short Title: Taxing capital income in the European Union: Issues and options for reform Keywords: Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies includes inheritance and gift taxes H240 Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 International Fiscal Issues International Public Goods H870 Abstract: Nine papers, which grew out of a conference organized under the auspices of the International Seminar in Public Economics and the Research Centre for Economic Policy of the Economics Faculty of Erasmus University Rotterdam, discuss whether, where, and how capital income should be taxed and whether more coordination is needed across EU countries. Papers discuss taxation of capital income versus labor income (Roger H. Gordon); interjurisdictional equity in company taxation (Peggy B. Musgrave); source- versus residence-based taxation in the European Union (Richard M. Bird and J. Scott Wilkie); issues in the taxation of income from foreign portfolio and direct investment (Michael P. Devereux); the taxation of interest in Europe and a proposed Community-wide minimum withholding tax on interest payments (Harry Huzinga and Soren Bo Nielsen); two proposals for reforming the corporate tax base (Stephen R. Bond); the taxing of capital income in the Nordic countries and whether the dual income tax could serve as the model income tax for the member states of the European Union (Sijbren Cnossen); transfer pricing and income shifting in integrating economies (T. Scott Newlon); and whether the European Union should adopt formula apportionment of company income (Charles E. McLure Jr. and Joann M. Weiner). Cnossen is Professor of Tax Law and Public Finance at the Economics Faculty of Erasmus University Rotterdam. Author and subject indexes. Notes: Accession Number: 0585117; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-19-829783-1; Keywords: Public Economics; Taxation; Publication Type: Book; Update Code: 200111 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 405 Author: Coate, S.; Besley, T. Year: 2000 Title of Work: Elected versus Appointed Regulators: Theory and Evidence Institution: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, NBER Working Papers: 7579 Short Title: Elected versus Appointed Regulators: Theory and Evidence DOI: http://www.nber.org/papers/w7579.pdf Abstract: This paper contrasts direct election with political appointment of regulators. When regulators are appointed, regulatory policy becomes bundled with other policy issues the appointing politicians are responsible for. Since regulatory issues are not salient for most voters, regulatory policy outcomes reflect the preferences of party elites and special interests. Direct election of regulators strengthens the power of voters by ensuring the salience of regulatory issues. Using panel data on regulatory outcomes from U.S. states, we find evidence in favor of the idea that elected states are more pro-consumer in their regulatory policies. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0716507; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w7579.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Record Number: 1065 Author: Conniffe, D. e. Year: 1997 Title: Roy Geary, 1896-1983: Irish statistician: Centenary Lecture by John E. Spencer and associated papers Publisher: Dublin: Oak Tree Press in association with the Economic and Social Research Institute Number of Pages: xvii Short Title: Roy Geary, 1896-1983: Irish statistician: Centenary Lecture by John E. Spencer and associated papers Keywords: History of Economic Thought: Quantitative and Mathematical B230 Abstract: Seven papers focus on the contributions of Irish statistician Roy C. Geary, who was born in 1896 and died in 1983. Part 1 consists of the 1996 Geary Lecture, which in the centenary year of Geary's birth takes as its theme the life and work of Geary (John E. Spencer). Part 2 contains papers from a conference held immediately preceding the Geary Lecture, which discuss Geary's contributions to economic theory (J. Peter Neary); his contributions to Pitman closeness (Jerome P. Keating and Robert L. Mason); Geary and official statistics (Tom Linehan); Geary's criticism of multiple regression (John Aldrich); his use of the von Neumann ratio for testing regression specification (Denis Conniffe); and Geary's later applied work (Brendan Walsh). Conniffe is at the Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin. No index. Notes: Accession Number: 0469776; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-86076-084-8; ; Publication Type: Book; Update Code: 199807 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1162 Author: Conti, G.; Pudney, S. Year: 2011 Title: Survey Design and the Analysis of Satisfaction Journal: Review of Economics and Statistics Volume: 93 Issue: 3 Pages: 1087-1093 Short Title: Survey Design and the Analysis of Satisfaction ISSN: 00346535 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/rest Accession Number: 1255544 Keywords: Survey Methods Sampling Methods C830 Safety Job Satisfaction Related Public Policy J280 Abstract: We analyze the effect of survey design on reported job satisfaction by exploiting two quasi-experiments in the British Household Panel Survey: a change in question design and parallel use of different interview modes. We show that apparently minor differences in survey design lead to substantial biases in econometric results, particularly on gender differences. The common empirical finding that women care less about wages and prefer to work fewer hours than men appears largely an artifact of survey design rather than a true behavioral difference. Notes: Keywords: Job Satisfaction; Survey; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201109 URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/rest Author Address: U Chicago and U Naples 'Federico II' Institute for Social and Economic Research, U Essex Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 275 Author: Cord, L. J. Year: 2007 Title: Delivering on the Promise of Pro-poor Growth: Overview Editor: T. Besley and L. J. Cord Book Title: Delivering on the Promise of Pro-Poor Growth: Insights and Lessons from Country Experiences Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; Houndmills, U.K. and New York: Palgrave Macmillan Pages: 1-27 Short Title: Delivering on the Promise of Pro-poor Growth: Overview Keywords: Welfare and Poverty: Government Programs Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs I380 Economic Development: Agriculture Natural Resources Energy Environment Other Primary Products O130 Economic Development: Human Resources Human Development Income Distribution Migration O150 Measurement of Economic Growth Aggregate Productivity Cross-Country Output Convergence O470 Notes: Accession Number: 0965619; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-0-8213-6515-1; Keywords: Growth; Poor; Geographic Descriptors: LDCs; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200804 Author Address: World Bank Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1177 Author: Corden, W. M. Year: 1995 Title: Tariffs, Subsidies and the Terms of Trade Editor: J. P. Neary Book Title: International trade. Volume 1. Welfare and trade policy Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 59. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Elgar Pages: 513-520 Short Title: Tariffs, Subsidies and the Terms of Trade Reprint Edition: [1957] Keywords: Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 Notes: Accession Number: 0449534; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-361-3; Keywords: Subsidies; Tariff; Trade; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 123 Author: Corden, W. M.; Neary, J. P. Year: 1982 Title: Booming Sector and De-Industrialisation in a Small Open Economy Journal: Economic Journal Volume: 92 Issue: 368 Pages: 825-848 Short Title: Booming Sector and De-Industrialisation in a Small Open Economy ISSN: 00130133 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Accession Number: 0138492 Alternate Accession Number: EP4531023 Keywords: Macroeconomic Theory--General 0230 Theory of International Trade 4112 Trade Relations 4210 Notes: Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199006; Copyright: Copyright of Economic Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0013-0133 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 125 Author: Corden, W. M.; Neary, J. P. Year: 1985 Title: Booming Sector and De-industrialization in a Small Open Economy Editor: W. M. Corden Book Title: Protection, Growth and Trade: Essays in International Economics Publisher: Oxford and New York: Blackwell Pages: 225-245 Short Title: Booming Sector and De-industrialization in a Small Open Economy Keywords: Macroeconomic Theory--General 0230 Theory of International Trade 4112 Open Economy Macroeconomic Theory--Balance of Payments and Adjustment Mechanisms 4312 Notes: Accession Number: 0014960; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199006 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 124 Author: Corden, W. M.; Neary, J. P. Year: 1992 Title: Booming Sector and De-industrialisation in a Small Open Economy Editor: W. M. Corden Book Title: International trade theory and policy: Selected essays of W. Max Corden Publisher: Economists of the Twentieth Century series. Aldershot, U.K.: Elgar; distributed in the U.S. by Ashgate, Brookfield, Vt. Pages: 429-452 Short Title: Booming Sector and De-industrialisation in a Small Open Economy Reprint Edition: [1982] Keywords: Open Economy Macroeconomics F410 Economic Growth of Open Economies F430 Resource Booms Q330 Notes: Accession Number: 0366625; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-732-5; Keywords: Open Economy; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199512 Author Address: Johns Hopkins U Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1086 Author: Cosh, A.; Hughes, A.; Lee, H.; Pudney, S. Year: 1996 Title of Work: Semi-Parametric Estimation of the Company Growth-Size Relation Institution: ESRC Centre for Business Research, ESRC Centre for Business Research - Working Papers Short Title: Semi-Parametric Estimation of the Company Growth-Size Relation Abstract: We illustrate the potential of a number of recently-developed semi-parametric estimators, in the context of an analysis of the relationship between firm growth and mortality on the one hand and size on the other, conditioning the analysis also on age and industry dummies. These estimators produce results that suggest quite serious misspecification of the conventional firm mortality probit models, and slight but significant functional misspecification of the usual linear growth-size regression. The semi-parametric methods lead to a significantly different estimate of the joint mortality/growth distribution conditional on initial size, age and industry. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0685592; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 481 Author: Coulter, F. A. E.; Cowell, F. A.; Jenkins, S. P. Year: 1994 Title: Family Fortunes in the 1970s and 1980s Editor: R. Blundell, I. Preston and I. Walker Book Title: The measurement of household welfare Publisher: Cambridge; New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press Pages: 215-246 Short Title: Family Fortunes in the 1970s and 1980s Keywords: Welfare Economics: General D600 Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions D310 Notes: Accession Number: 0416109; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-521-45195-7; ; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199707 Author Address: U Bath London School of Econ U College Swansea Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 235 Author: Crawford, C. Year: 2008 Title: Corporation Tax and Entrepreneurship Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, D. Miles and J. Shaw Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2008 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Pages: 238-245 Short Title: Corporation Tax and Entrepreneurship Keywords: Fiscal Policy E620 Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Entrepreneurship L260 Enterprise Policy L530 Notes: Accession Number: 1018234; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-52-1; Keywords: Tax; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200902 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1213 Author: Crawford, I.; Neary, J. P. Year: 2008 Title: Testing for a Reference Consumer in International Comparisons of Living Standards Journal: American Economic Review Volume: 98 Issue: 4 Pages: 1731-1732 Short Title: Testing for a Reference Consumer in International Comparisons of Living Standards ISSN: 00028282 DOI: http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ Accession Number: 0991120 Alternate Accession Number: EP34197605 Keywords: General Welfare I310 Notes: Keywords: Living Standards; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200809; Copyright: Copyright of American Economic Review is the property of American Economic Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.4.1731 http://www.aeaweb.org/aer/ Author Address: U Oxford and IFS U Oxford Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1368 Author: Creedy, J.; Disney, R. Year: 1989 Title: The New Pension Scheme in Britain Editor: A. Dilnot and I. Walker Book Title: The economics of social security Publisher: Oxford; New York; Toronto and Melbourne: Oxford University Press Pages: 224-238 Short Title: The New Pension Scheme in Britain Keywords: Wage and Fringe Benefit Studies 8242 Social Security 9150 Notes: Accession Number: 0256158; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199203 Author Address: U Melbourne U Kent at Canterbury Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1031 Author: Cripps, M.; Scmidt, K.; Thomas, J. Year: 1993 Title of Work: Reputation in pertubed repeated games Institution: University of Bonn, Germany, Discussion Paper Serie A Short Title: Reputation in pertubed repeated games Keywords: Stochastic and Dynamic Games Evolutionary Games Repeated Games C730 Transactional Relationships Contracts and Reputation Networks L140 Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0684326; Keywords: Reputation,Folk theorem,Repeated games,Incomplete information; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 Author Address: University of Warwick University of Bonn Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1032 Author: Cripps, M. W.; Schmidt, K. M.; Thomas, J. P. Year: 1996 Title: Reputation in Perturbed Repeated Games Journal: Journal of Economic Theory Volume: 69 Issue: 2 Pages: 387-410 Short Title: Reputation in Perturbed Repeated Games ISSN: 00220531 DOI: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00220531 Accession Number: 0390170 Keywords: Stochastic and Dynamic Games Evolutionary Games Repeated Games C730 Noncooperative Games C720 Search Learning Information and Knowledge Communication Belief D830 Abstract: This paper analyzes reputation effects in perturbed repeated games with discounting. If there is some positive prior probability that one of the players is committed to play the same (pure) action in every period, then this provides a lower bound for her equilibrium payoff in all Nash equilibria. This bound is tight and independent of what other types have positive probability. It is generally lower than D. Fudenberg and D. K. Levine's bound for games with a long-run player facing a sequence of short-run opponents. The bound cannot be improved by considering types playing finitely complicated history-dependent commitment strategies. (c) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. Notes: Keywords: Equilibria; Equilibrium; Games; Repeated Games; Reputation; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199609 URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00220531 Author Address: Warwick U Bonn U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1028 Author: Cripps, M. W.; Thomas, J. P. Year: 1995 Title: Reputation and Commitment in Two-Person Repeated Games without Discounting Journal: Econometrica Volume: 63 Issue: 6 Pages: 1401-1419 Short Title: Reputation and Commitment in Two-Person Repeated Games without Discounting ISSN: 00129682 DOI: http://www.econometricsociety.org Accession Number: 0370900 Keywords: Stochastic and Dynamic Games Evolutionary Games Repeated Games C730 Abstract: Two-person repeated games with no discounting are considered where there is uncertainty about the type of the players. If there is a possibility that a player is an automaton committed to a particular pure or mixed stage-game action, then this provides a lower bound on the Nash equilibrium payoffs to a normal type of this player. The lower bound is the best available and is robust to the existence of other types. The results are extended to the case of two-sided uncertainty. This work extends Schmidt (1993) who analyzed the restricted class of conflicting interest games. Notes: Keywords: Games; Repeated Games; Two Person; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199512 URL: http://www.econometricsociety.org Author Address: U Warwick Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1030 Author: Cripps, M. W.; Thomas, J. P. Year: 1997 Title: Reputation and Perfection in Repeated Common Interest Games Journal: Games and Economic Behavior Volume: 18 Issue: 2 Pages: 141-158 Short Title: Reputation and Perfection in Repeated Common Interest Games ISSN: 08998256 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/622836/description#description Accession Number: 0412716 Keywords: Stochastic and Dynamic Games Evolutionary Games Repeated Games C730 Asymmetric and Private Information D820 Abstract: We consider a wide class of repeated common interest games perturbed with one-sided incomplete information: one player (the informed player) might be a commitment type playing the Pareto dominant action. As discounting, which is assumed to be symmetric, and the prior probability of the commitment type go to zero, it is shown that the informed player can be held close to her minmax payoff even when perfection is imposed on the equilibrium. (c) 1997 Academic Press, Inc. Notes: Keywords: Equilibrium; Games; Information; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199706 URL: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/622836/description#description Author Address: U Warwick Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 816 Author: Dasgupta, P. Year: 1986 Title: Natural Resources and the Macroeconomy: A Theoretical Framework: Discussion: A Natural Resources Perspective Editor: J. P. Neary and S. van Wijnbergen Book Title: Natural resources and the macroeconomy Publisher: Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; Oxford: Blackwell Pages: 53-53 Short Title: Natural Resources and the Macroeconomy: A Theoretical Framework: Discussion: A Natural Resources Perspective Keywords: Macroeconomic Theory--General 0230 Natural Resources--General 7210 Theory of International Trade 4112 Open Economy Macroeconomic Theory--Balance of Payments and Adjustment Mechanisms 4312 Notes: Accession Number: 0022577; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199006 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 363 Author: Davidson, J. E. H. Year: 1994 Title: Econometric Modelling of the Aggregate Time-Series Relationship between Consumers' Expenditure and Income in the United Kingdom Editor: A. Harvey Book Title: Time series. Volume 1. Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Econometrics, vol. 5. Aldershot, U.K.: Elgar; distributed in the U.S. by Ashgate, Brookfield, Vt. Pages: 349-380 Short Title: Econometric Modelling of the Aggregate Time-Series Relationship between Consumers' Expenditure and Income in the United Kingdom Reprint Edition: [1978] Keywords: Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C320 Macroeconomics: Consumption Saving Wealth E210 Macroeconomics: Production E230 Notes: Accession Number: 0418841 Partial authors List; ; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-662-0; Keywords: Consumer; Econometrics; Expenditure; Time Series; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199707 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1255 Author: De Jong, P. Year: 1994 Title: The Diffuse Kalman Filter Editor: A. Harvey Book Title: Time series. Volume 2. Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Econometrics, vol. 5. Aldershot, U.K.: Elgar; distributed in the U.S. by Ashgate, Brookfield, Vt. Pages: 166 Short Title: The Diffuse Kalman Filter Reprint Edition: [1991] Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C320 Notes: Accession Number: 0418857; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-662-0; Keywords: Kalman Filter; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199707 Author Address: U British Columbia Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1105 Author: De Jong, P. Year: 2005 Title: Smoothing and Interpolation with the State-Space Model Editor: A. Harvey and T. Proietti Book Title: Readings in Unobserved Components Models Publisher: Advanced Texts in Econometrics. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 68-76 Short Title: Smoothing and Interpolation with the State-Space Model Reprint Edition: [1989] Keywords: Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C320 Notes: Accession Number: 0851020; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-19-927865-2 (cloth); 0-19-927869-5 (pbk); Keywords: State Space Model; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200607 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1412 Author: De Jong, P.; Shephard, N. Year: 2005 Title: The Simulation Smoother for Time Series Models Editor: A. Harvey and T. Proietti Book Title: Readings in Unobserved Components Models Publisher: Advanced Texts in Econometrics. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 354-367 Short Title: The Simulation Smoother for Time Series Models Reprint Edition: [1995] Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Notes: Accession Number: 0851035; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-19-927865-2 (cloth); 0-19-927869-5 (pbk); Keywords: Time Series; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200607 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 875 Author: de la Feria, R.; Lockwood, B. Year: 2010 Title of Work: Opting for Opting In? An Evaluation of the European Commission's Proposals for Reforming VAT on Financial Services Institution: University of Warwick, Department of Economics, The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) Short Title: Opting for Opting In? An Evaluation of the European Commission's Proposals for Reforming VAT on Financial Services DOI: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/workingpapers/2010/twerp_927.pdf Abstract: This paper provides a legal and economic analysis of the European Commission's recent proposals for reforming the application of VAT to financial services, with particular focus on their "third pillar", under which firms would be allowed to opt-into taxation on exempt insurance and financial services. From a legal perspective, we show that the proposals' "first and second pillar" would give rise to considerable interpretative and qualification problems, resulting in as much complexity and legal uncertainty as the current regime. Equally, an option to tax could potentially follow significantly different legal designs, which would give rise to discrepancies in the application of the option amongst Member States. On the economic side, we show that quite generally, when firms cannot coordinate their behaviour, they have an individual incentive to opt-in on business-to-business (B2B) transactions, but not on business-to-consumer (B2C) transactions. We also show that opting in eliminates the cost disadvantage that EU financial services firms face in competing with foreign firms for B2B sales. But, these results do not hold if firms can coordinate their behaviour. An estimate of the upper bound on the amount of tax revenue that might be lost from allowing opting-in is provided for a number of EU countries. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1090037; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 201003 URL: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/workingpapers/2010/twerp_927.pdf Author Address: Centre for Business Taxation, University of Oxford Department of Economics, University of Warwick and CEPR Fellow Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 876 Author: de la Feria, R.; Lockwood, B. Year: 2010 Title: Opting for Opting-In? An Evaluation of the European Commission's Proposals for Reforming VAT on Financial Services Journal: Fiscal Studies Volume: 31 Issue: 2 Pages: 171-202 Short Title: Opting for Opting-In? An Evaluation of the European Commission's Proposals for Reforming VAT on Financial Services ISSN: 01435671 DOI: http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0143-5671 Accession Number: 1125031 Alternate Accession Number: EP51852309 Keywords: Banks Other Depository Institutions Micro Finance Institutions Mortgages G210 Insurance Insurance Companies G220 Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation G280 Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Abstract: This paper provides a legal and economic analysis of the European Commission's recent proposals for reforming the application of VAT to financial services, with particular focus on their 'third pillar', under which firms would be allowed to opt in to taxation on exempt insurance and financial services. From a legal perspective, we show that the proposals' 'first and second pillars' would give rise to considerable interpretative and qualification problems, resulting in as much complexity and legal uncertainty as the current regime. Equally, an option to tax could potentially follow significantly different legal designs, which would give rise to discrepancies in the application of the option amongst Member States of the European Union (EU). On the economic side, we show that quite generally, when firms cannot coordinate their behaviour, they have an individual incentive to opt in on business-to-business (B2B) transactions, but not on business-to-consumer (B2C) transactions. We also show that opting-in eliminates the cost disadvantage that EU financial services firms face in competing with foreign firms for B2B sales. But these results do not hold if firms can coordinate their behaviour. An estimate of the upper bound on the amount of tax revenue that might be lost from allowing opting-in is provided for a number of EU countries. Notes: Keywords: Financial Service; Insurance; Revenue; Tax; Taxation; VAT; Geographic Descriptors: EC; EU; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201009; Copyright: Copyright of Fiscal Studies is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0143-5671 Author Address: Centre for Business Taxation, U Oxford Centre for Business Taxation, U Warwick Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 324 Author: de Meza, D.; Lockwood, B. Year: 1998 Title: Does Asset Ownership Always Motivate Managers? Outside Options and the Property Rights Theory of the Firm Journal: Quarterly Journal of Economics Volume: 113 Issue: 2 Pages: 361-386 Short Title: Does Asset Ownership Always Motivate Managers? Outside Options and the Property Rights Theory of the Firm ISSN: 00335533 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/qjec Accession Number: 0470986 Alternate Accession Number: EP679519 Keywords: Organizational Behavior Transaction Costs Property Rights D230 Financing Policy Financial Risk and Risk Management Capital and Ownership Structure G320 Abstract: This paper studies the Grossman-Hart-Moore (GHM) 'property rights' approach to the theory of the firm under alternating-offers bargaining. When managers can pursue other occupations while negotiating over the division of the gains from cooperation, the GHM results obtain. If taking the best alternative job terminates bargaining, outcomes are very different. Sometimes an agent with an important investment decision should not own the assets he works with; sometimes independent assets should be owned together; sometimes strictly complementary assets should be owned separately. Notes: Keywords: Firm; Ownership; Property Rights; Property; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199808; Copyright: © 1998 President & Fellows of Harvard University URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/qjec Author Address: U Exeter Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 89 Author: de Meza, D.; Lockwood, B. Year: 2003 Title of Work: Appropriability, Investment Incentives and the Property Rights Theory of the Firm Institution: Department of Economics, University of Bristol, UK, Leverhulme Centre for Market and Public Organisation Pages: 27 pages Short Title: Appropriability, Investment Incentives and the Property Rights Theory of the Firm DOI: http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/CMPO/workingpapers/wp68.pdf Abstract: This paper examines the property rights theory of the firm when a manager's relationship-specific investment can be partially appropriated by the owner of an asset when cooperation breaks down. For example ownership typically confers the right to continue with a project even should the production team dissolve. The investments of non-owners may then be devalued, but are seldom wholly loss to the owner. With such spillovers, the outside-option principle can be incorporated into the Grossman-Hart-Moore framework without implying that ownership demotivates. Enriched predictions on the determinants of integration emerge. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0684939; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/CMPO/workingpapers/wp68.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1136 Author: de Meza, D.; Lockwood, B. Year: 2004 Title: Spillovers, Investment Incentives and the Property Rights Theory of the Firm Journal: Journal of Industrial Economics Volume: 52 Issue: 2 Pages: 228-253 Short Title: Spillovers, Investment Incentives and the Property Rights Theory of the Firm ISSN: 00221821 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0022-1821 Accession Number: 0738184 Alternate Accession Number: EP13355613 Keywords: Organizational Behavior Transaction Costs Property Rights D230 Personnel Economics: Labor Management M540 Capitalist Enterprises P120 Abstract: This paper examines the property rights theory of the firm when a manager's relationship-specific investment can be partially appropriated by the owner of an asset even if cooperation breaks down. The investments of non owners may then be devalued, but are seldom wholly lost to the owner. With such spillovers, the outside-option principle can be incorporated into the Grossman-Hart-Moore framework without implying that ownership demotivates. Enriched predictions on the determinants of integration emerge. Notes: Keywords: Property Rights; Property; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200408; Copyright: Copyright of Journal of Industrial Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0022-1821 Author Address: Interdisciplinary Institute of Management, London School of Econ U Warwick and CEPR Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1475 Author: de Meza, D.; Lockwood, B. Year: 2004 Title of Work: TOO MUCH INVESTMENT : A PROBLEM OF COORDINATION FAILURE Institution: University of Warwick, Department of Economics, The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) Pages: 41 pages Short Title: TOO MUCH INVESTMENT : A PROBLEM OF COORDINATION FAILURE DOI: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/papers/twerp703a.pdf Keywords: Organizational Behavior Transaction Costs Property Rights D230 Externalities D620 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Abstract: This paper shows that coordination failure and contractual incompleteness can lead to socially excessive investment. Firms and workers choose investment levels, then enter a stochastic matching process. If investment levels are discrete, and match frictions are low, high-investing workers (firms) impose a negative pecuniary externality on any worker (firm) who cuts investment. Specifically, an agent cutting investment subsequently bargains with a partner with a binding outside option due to the fact that it can easily match with another high investor. The deviant thus bears the full loss in revenue from its action. However, given enough complementarity in investments, when one agent cuts investment it is efficient that its partner also does so. So, only part of the cost saving accrues to the deviant, with the implication that the net private gain to cutting investment is less than the social gain. A similar argument establishes that over-investment can occur when agents are heterogenous i.e. differ in their cost of investing, even if investments are continuous. Then, over-investment occurs because low-cost investors have a private incentive to invest to shift rent away from high-cost investors. Our model can also explain some recent trends in graduate/non-graduate wage differentials. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0856799; Keywords: hold-up; coordination failure; matching; over-investment; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200607 URL: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/papers/twerp703a.pdf Author Address: LSE University of Warwick Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1476 Author: de Meza, D.; Lockwood, B. Year: 2010 Title: Too Much Investment? A Problem of Endogenous Outside Options Journal: Games and Economic Behavior Volume: 69 Issue: 2 Pages: 503-511 Short Title: Too Much Investment? A Problem of Endogenous Outside Options ISSN: 08998256 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/622836/description#description Accession Number: 1119246 Keywords: Bargaining Theory Matching Theory C780 Labor Contracts J410 Abstract: This paper shows that when agents on both sides of the market are heterogeneous, varying in their costs of investment, ex ante investments by firms and workers (or buyers and sellers more generally) may be too high when followed by stochastic matching and bargaining over quasi-rents. The overinvestment is caused by the fact that low-cost agents, by investing more, can increase the value of their outside option and thus shift rent away from high-cost investors. Numerical simulations show that overinvestment can occur given parameter values calibrated to OECD labour markets. Notes: Keywords: Bargaining; Labor Markets; Matching; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201008 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2009.11.005 http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/622836/description#description Author Address: London School of Economics U Warwick Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1470 Author: De Rossi, G.; Harvey, A. Year: 2006 Title of Work: Time-Varying Quantiles Institution: Faculty of Economics (formerly DAE), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics Pages: 42-42 Short Title: Time-Varying Quantiles DOI: http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/dae/repec/cam/pdf/cwpe0649.pdf Keywords: Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General C140 Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Abstract: A time-varying quantile can be fitted to a sequence of observations by formulating a time series model for the corresponding population quantile and iteratively applying a suitably modified state space signal extraction algorithm. Quantiles estimated in this way provide information on various aspects of a time series, including dispersion, asymmetry and, for financial applications, value at risk. Tests for the constancy of quantiles, and associated contrasts, are constructed using indicator variables; these tests have a similar form to stationarity tests and, under the null hypothesis, their asymptotic distributions belong to the Cramer von Mises family. Estimates of the quantiles at the end of the series provide the basis for forecasting. As such they offer an alternative to conditional quantile autoregressions and, at the same time, give some insight into their structure and potential drawbacks. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0856866; Keywords: Dispersion; quantile regression; signal extraction; state space smoother; stationarity tests; value at risk.; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200608 URL: http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/dae/repec/cam/pdf/cwpe0649.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 986 Author: De Rossi, G.; Harvey, A. Year: 2007 Title of Work: Quantiles, Expectiles and Splines Institution: Faculty of Economics (formerly DAE), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics Pages: 29-29 Short Title: Quantiles, Expectiles and Splines DOI: http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/dae/repec/cam/pdf/cwpe0660.pdf Keywords: Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General C140 Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Abstract: A time-varying quantile can be fitted to a sequence of observations by formulating a time series model for the corresponding population quantile and iteratively applying a suitably modified state space signal extraction algorithm. It is shown that such time-varying quantiles satisfy the defining property of fixed quantiles in having the appropriate number of observations above and below. Expectiles are similar to quantiles except that they are defined by tail expectations. Like quantiles, time-varying expectiles can be estimated by a state space signal extraction algorithm and they satisfy properties that generalize the moment conditions associated with fixed expectiles. Time-varying quantiles and expectiles provide information on various aspects of a time series, such as dispersion and asymmetry, while estimates at the end of the series provide the basis for forecasting. Because the state space form can handle irregularly spaced observations, the proposed algorithms can be easily adapted to provide a viable means of computing spline-based non-parametric quantile and expectile regressions. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0890451; Keywords: Asymmetric least squares; cubic splines; dispersion; non-parametric regression; quantile regression; signal extraction; state space smoother.; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200703 URL: http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/dae/repec/cam/pdf/cwpe0660.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 987 Author: De Rossi, G.; Harvey, A. Year: 2007 Title of Work: Quantiles, Expectiles and Splines Institution: Faculty of Economics (formerly DAE), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics Pages: 29-29 Short Title: Quantiles, Expectiles and Splines DOI: http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/dae/repec/cam/pdf/cwpe0660.pdf Keywords: Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General C140 Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Abstract: A time-varying quantile can be fitted to a sequence of observations by formulating a time series model for the corresponding population quantile and iteratively applying a suitably modified state space signal extraction algorithm. It is shown that such time-varying quantiles satisfy the defining property of fixed quantiles in having the appropriate number of observations above and below. Expectiles are similar to quantiles except that they are defined by tail expectations. Like quantiles, time-varying expectiles can be estimated by a state space signal extraction algorithm and they satisfy properties that generalize the moment conditions associated with fixed expectiles. Time-varying quantiles and expectiles provide information on various aspects of a time series, such as dispersion and asymmetry, while estimates at the end of the series provide the basis for forecasting. Because the state space form can handle irregularly spaced observations, the proposed algorithms can be easily adapted to provide a viable means of computing spline-based non-parametric quantile and expectile regressions. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0904938; Keywords: Asymmetric least squares; cubic splines; dispersion; non-parametric regression; quantile regression; signal extraction; state space smoother.; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200706 URL: http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/dae/repec/cam/pdf/cwpe0660.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 988 Author: De Rossi, G.; Harvey, A. Year: 2009 Title: Quantiles, Expectiles and Splines Journal: Journal of Econometrics Volume: 152 Issue: 2 Pages: 179-185 Short Title: Quantiles, Expectiles and Splines ISSN: 03044076 DOI: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03044076 Accession Number: 1077250 Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Abstract: A time-varying quantile can be fitted by formulating a time series model for the corresponding population quantile and iteratively applying a suitably modified state space signal extraction algorithm. It is shown that such quantiles satisfy the defining property of fixed quantiles in having the appropriate number of observations above and below. Like quantiles, time-varying expectiles can be estimated by a state space signal extraction algorithm and they satisfy properties that generalize the moment conditions associated with fixed expectiles. Because the state space form can handle irregularly spaced observations, the proposed algorithms can be adapted to provide a viable means of computing spline-based non-parametric quantile and expectile regressions. Notes: Keywords: Regression; Time Series; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200912 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2009.01.001 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03044076 Author Address: U Cambridge Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 298 Author: Deardorff, A. V. Year: 1993 Title: Directions of Lumpy Country Trade Editor: W. J. Ethier, E. Helpman and J. P. Neary Book Title: Theory, policy and dynamics in international trade: Essays in honor of Ronald W. Jones Publisher: Cambridge; New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press Pages: 55-72 Short Title: Directions of Lumpy Country Trade Keywords: Neoclassical Models of Trade F110 Notes: Accession Number: 0406598; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-521-43442-4; Keywords: Trade; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Festschrift: Jones, Ronald W.; Update Code: 199704 Author Address: U MI Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1304 Author: Deardorff, A. V. Year: 1995 Title: The General Validity of the Law of Comparative Advantage Editor: J. P. Neary Book Title: International trade. Volume 2. Production structure, trade and growth Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 59. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Elgar Pages: 114-130 Short Title: The General Validity of the Law of Comparative Advantage Reprint Edition: [1980] Keywords: Neoclassical Models of Trade F110 Notes: Accession Number: 0449546; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-361-3; Keywords: Comparative Advantage; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1254 Author: Del Boca, D.; Flinn, C. Year: 1994 Title: The Determination of Welfare in Nonintact Families Editor: R. Blundell, I. Preston and I. Walker Book Title: The measurement of household welfare Publisher: Cambridge; New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press Pages: 111-139 Short Title: The Determination of Welfare in Nonintact Families Keywords: Consumer Economics: Theory D110 Welfare Economics: General D600 Marriage Marital Dissolution Family Structure Domestic Abuse J120 Fertility Family Planning Child Care Children Youth J130 Notes: Accession Number: 0416105; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-521-45195-7; Keywords: Families; Welfare; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199707 Author Address: U Turin NYU and U Turin Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 782 Author: DeLong, J. B. Year: 2005 Title: Lessons from India's Economic Reforms: Comment Editor: T. Besley and R. Zagha Book Title: Development Challenges in the 1990s: Leading Policymakers Speak from Experience Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 203-205 Short Title: Lessons from India's Economic Reforms: Comment Keywords: Welfare and Poverty: Government Programs Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs I380 Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O110 Economic Development: Human Resources Human Development Income Distribution Migration O150 Formal and Informal Sectors Shadow Economy Institutional Arrangements O170 Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development O230 Measurement of Economic Growth Aggregate Productivity Cross-Country Output Convergence O470 Notes: Accession Number: 0835742; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8213-5872-3; ; Geographic Descriptors: India; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200605 Author Address: U CA, Berkeley Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1048 Author: Denicolo, V.; Geradin, D.; Layne-Farrar, A.; Padilla, A. J. Year: 2008 Title: Revisiting Injunctive Relief: Interpreting eBay in High-Tech Industries with Non-practicing Patent Holders Journal: Journal of Competition Law and Economics Volume: 4 Issue: 3 Pages: 571-608 Short Title: Revisiting Injunctive Relief: Interpreting eBay in High-Tech Industries with Non-practicing Patent Holders ISSN: 17446414 DOI: http://jcle.oxfordjournals.org/ Accession Number: 1012074 Alternate Accession Number: EP44543317 Keywords: Property Law K110 Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives O310 Intellectual Property Rights O340 Abstract: The Supreme Court's 2006 eBay ruling marked a turning point in injunctive relief policy. Unfortunately, there seems to be considerable confusion about the implications of the decision. Some authors, concerned over patent holdup and excessive royalty rates, interpret the eBay decision as giving a green light to district courts to deny injunctive relief to "non-manufacturing patent owners." Using an error-cost framework, we examine the theory and evidence behind patent holdup concerns as they relate to injunctive relief policy. We find that the holdup theory justifying categorical limitations on injunctive relief rests upon overly narrow assumptions. As a result, categorical limitations are likely to result in substantial "false positives," where patent holders with no designs of patent holdup are nonetheless denied injunctive relief. Instead of advocating categories of denial, we argue that the majority opinion in eBay can and should be read as a return to a balancing test, where costs and benefits are weighed carefully before granting or denying a patent injunction. Notes: Keywords: Patent; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200901; Copyright: Copyright of Journal of Competition Law & Economics is the property of Oxford University Press / UK and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://jcle.oxfordjournals.org/ Author Address: U Bologna TILEC, Tilburg U and Howrey LLP LECG Consulting LECG Consulting and CEMFI, Madrid Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 386 Author: Denny, K. J.; Harmon, C. P. Year: 2001 Title: Education and Earnings in Europe: Ireland Editor: C. Harmon, I. Walker and N. Westergaard-Nielsen Book Title: Education and earnings in Europe: A cross country analysis of the returns to education Publisher: Cheltenham, U.K. and Northampton, Mass.: Elgar; distributed by American International Distribution Corporation, Williston, Vt. Pages: 146-156 Short Title: Education and Earnings in Europe: Ireland Keywords: Analysis of Education I210 Education: Government Policy I280 Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Notes: Accession Number: 0651202; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-84064-530-X; Keywords: Earnings; Education; Geographic Descriptors: Ireland; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200307 Author Address: U College Dublin and Institute for Fiscal Studies U College Dublin and CEPR Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1038 Author: Dervis, K. Year: 2005 Title: Returning from the Brink: Turkey's Efforts at Systemic Change and Structural Reform Editor: T. Besley and R. Zagha Book Title: Development Challenges in the 1990s: Leading Policymakers Speak from Experience Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 83-102 Short Title: Returning from the Brink: Turkey's Efforts at Systemic Change and Structural Reform Keywords: International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions F330 International Lending and Debt Problems F340 Labor Economics Policies J080 Economic Development: Human Resources Human Development Income Distribution Migration O150 Formal and Informal Sectors Shadow Economy Institutional Arrangements O170 International Linkages to Development Role of International Organizations O190 Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development O230 Notes: Accession Number: 0835728; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8213-5872-3; ; Geographic Descriptors: Turkey; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200605 Author Address: Turkish National Parliament Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1418 Author: Devereux, M.; Griffith, R. Year: 1999 Title of Work: The taxation of discrete investment choices Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W98/16 Pages: 62 pp. Short Title: The taxation of discrete investment choices DOI: http://www.ifs.org.uk/wps/wp9816.pdf Keywords: Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Firm H320 Abstract: Traditional analysis of the taxation of income from capital has focused on the impact of tax on marginal investment decisions; the principal impact of tax on investment is through the cost of capital, and is generally measured by an effective marginal tax rate. In this paper, we consider cases in which investors face a choice between two or more mutually exclusive projects, both of which are expected to earn at least the minimum required rate of return. Examples include the location decisions of multinationals, firms' choice of technology, and the choice of investment projects in the presence of binding financial constraints. In these cases the choice depends on the effective average tax rate. We propose a measure of this rate and demonstrate its relationship to the conventional effective marginal tax rate. Estimates of both are presented and compared for domestic and international investment in Germany, Japan, the UK and USA between 1979 and 1997. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0772154; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200505 URL: http://www.ifs.org.uk/wps/wp9816.pdf Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 590 Author: Devereux, M.; Lockwood, B.; Redoano, M. Year: 2004 Title of Work: HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL INDIRECT TAX COMPETITION : THEORY AND SOME EVIDENCE FROM THE USA Institution: University of Warwick, Department of Economics, The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) Pages: 33 pages Short Title: HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL INDIRECT TAX COMPETITION : THEORY AND SOME EVIDENCE FROM THE USA DOI: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/papers/twerp704.pdf Keywords: State and Local Government Intergovernmental Relations: General H700 State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue H710 Intergovernmental Relations Federalism Secession H770 Abstract: This paper provides a simple theoretical framework for analyzing simultaneous vertical and horizontal competition in excise taxes, and estimates equations informed by the theory on a panel of US state and federal excise taxes on cigarettes and gasoline. We also examine the role played by smuggling. The results are generally consistent with the theory, when the characteristics of the markets for the goods are taken into account. For neither good do federal excise taxes affect state taxes. Taxes in neighboring states have a significant and large effect in the case of cigarettes, and a much weaker effect in the case of gasoline. we also find that in the setting of cigarette taxes, concerns about cross-border shopping play a more important role than concerns about smuggling. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0856798; Keywords: tax competition; excise taxes; cross-border shopping; smuggling; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200607 URL: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/papers/twerp704.pdf Author Address: University of Warwick and IFS University of Warwick and CEPR University of Warwick Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1277 Author: Devereux, M. B.; Bond, S.; Klemm, A. Year: 2007 Title of Work: The Effects of Dividend Taxes on Equity Prices: A Re-examination of the 1997 U.K. Tax Reform Institution: International Monetary Fund, IMF Working Papers: 07/204 Pages: 30 pages Short Title: The Effects of Dividend Taxes on Equity Prices: A Re-examination of the 1997 U.K. Tax Reform DOI: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2007/wp07204.pdf Abstract: We re-examine the extent to which personal taxes on dividends are capitalized into the equity prices of domestic firms, using data from around the time of the 1997 U.K. dividend tax reform, which removed a significant tax credit for an important group of investors: U.K. pension funds. The tax-adjusted CAPM suggests that the impact should depend on an average of dividend tax rates across all investors, and that U.K. pension funds should reduce their holdings of the previously tax-favored asset: U.K. equities. Given that U.K. pension funds are small relative to the total size of the world capital market, a small open economy-type argument implies that the main effect of the reform would be to reduce U.K. pension funds' ownership of U.K. equities, with little impact on their price. We present evidence which is consistent with these hypotheses. We discuss why previous research (Bell and Jenkinson, 2002) reached a different conclusion. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0948895; Keywords: Working Paper, United Kingdom, Tax reforms, Stock prices, Pensions, Investment, Economic models,; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200801 URL: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2007/wp07204.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 374 Author: Devereux, M. B.; Engel, C.; Matsumoto, A.; Rebucci, A.; Sutherland, A. Year: 2010 Title: Editorial Foreword: JIE Special Issue on International Macro-finance Journal: Journal of International Economics Volume: 80 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-2 Short Title: Editorial Foreword: JIE Special Issue on International Macro-finance ISSN: 00221996 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505552/description#description Accession Number: 1096999 Keywords: Introductory Material Y200 Abstract: Editorial foreword for Journal of International Economics Special Issue on International Macro-Finance. Notes: Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201004 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2009.09.004 http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505552/description#description Author Address: U British Columbia U WI IMF Inter-American Development Bank U St Andrews Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1496 Author: Devereux, M. B.; Lockwood, B. Year: 1989 Title of Work: Trade Unions, Non-Binding Wage Agreements, and Capital Accumulation Institution: Queen's University, Department of Economics, Working Papers Pages: 21 pages Short Title: Trade Unions, Non-Binding Wage Agreements, and Capital Accumulation Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0842323; Keywords: trade unions ; wages ; economic equilibrium ; enterprises ; labour; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200605 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1495 Author: Devereux, M. B.; Lockwood, B. Year: 1991 Title: Trade Unions, Non-binding Wage Agreements, and Capital Accumulation Journal: European Economic Review Volume: 35 Issue: 7 Pages: 1411-1426 Short Title: Trade Unions, Non-binding Wage Agreements, and Capital Accumulation ISSN: 00142921 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505541/description#description Accession Number: 0252305 Keywords: Capital Investment Capacity E220 Employment Unemployment Wages Intergenerational Income Distribution Aggregate Human Capital E240 Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects J510 Abstract: This paper provides a counterexample to some recent results of Grout and others which state that in a bargaining situation without binding wage agreements, the capital stock will be biased downwards. In a general equilibrium setting, this result may be reversed. The model is a simple Diamond-type overlapping generations economy where the young supply labor and the old own both capital and shares in firms. In this environment, a move from binding to non-binding wage contracts may increase the capital stock, as will a rise in trade union power. Finally, it is shown that the move to non-binding contracts may increase or decrease steady-state utility, but that the non-binding contracts equilibrium is always Pareto-inefficient. Notes: Keywords: Accumulation; Capital; Supply; Trade Unions; Union; Wage; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199203 URL: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505541/description#description Author Address: Queen's U, Canada Birkbeck College, U London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1121 Author: Devereux, M. B.; Sutherland, A. Year: 2006 Title of Work: Solving for Country Portfolios in Open Economy Macro Models Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 5966 Short Title: Solving for Country Portfolios in Open Economy Macro Models DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP5966.asp Keywords: Monetary Policy E520 Central Banks and Their Policies E580 Open Economy Macroeconomics F410 Abstract: Open economy macroeconomics typically abstracts from portfolio structure. But the recent experience of financial globalization makes it important to understand the determinants and composition of gross country portfolios. This paper presents a simple approximation method for computing equilibrium financial portfolios in stochastic open economy macro models. The method is widely applicable, easy to implement, and delivers analytical solutions for optimal gross portfolio positions in any combination of types of assets. It can be used in models with any number of assets, whether markets are complete or incomplete, and can be applied to stochastic dynamic general equilibrium models of any dimension, so long as the model is amenable to a solution using standard approximation methods. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0881909; Keywords: country profiles; solution methods; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200701 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP5966.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 241 Author: Devereux, M. B.; Sutherland, A. Year: 2007 Title of Work: Country Portfolio Dynamics Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 6208 Short Title: Country Portfolio Dynamics DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP6208.asp Keywords: Monetary Policy E520 Central Banks and Their Policies E580 Open Economy Macroeconomics F410 Abstract: This paper presents a general approximation method for characterizing time-varying equilibrium portfolios in a two-country dynamic general equilibrium model. The method can be easily adapted to most dynamic general equilibrium models, it applies to environments in which markets are complete or incomplete, and it can be used for models of any dimension. Moreover, the approximation provides simple, easily interpretable closed form solutions for the dynamics of equilibrium portfolios. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0899415; Keywords: country portfolios; solution methods; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200704 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP6208.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 242 Author: Devereux, M. B.; Sutherland, A. Year: 2007 Title of Work: Country Portfolio Dynamics Institution: International Monetary Fund, IMF Working Papers: 07/283 Pages: 27 pages Short Title: Country Portfolio Dynamics DOI: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2007/wp07283.pdf Abstract: This paper presents a general approximation method for characterizing time-varying equilibrium portfolios in a two-country dynamic general equilibrium model. the method can be easily adapted to most dynamic general equilibrium models, it applies to environments in which markets are complete or incomplete, and it can be used for models of any dimension. Moreover, the approximation provides simple, easily interpretable closed form solutions for the dynamics of equilibrium portfolios. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0959572; Keywords: Bonds, International bond markets,; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200803 URL: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2007/wp07283.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 495 Author: Devereux, M. B.; Sutherland, A. Year: 2007 Title of Work: Financial Globalization and Monetary Policy Institution: International Monetary Fund, IMF Working Papers: 07/279 Pages: 32 pages Short Title: Financial Globalization and Monetary Policy DOI: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2007/wp07279.pdf Abstract: What does financial globalization imply for the design of monetary policy? Does the case for price stability change in an environment of large cross country gross asset holdings?. This paper is concerned with the effects of monetary policy under endogenous international portfolio choice and incomplete markets. With endogenous portfolios, monetary policy takes on new importance due to its impact on the distribution of returns on nominal assets. Surprisingly, we find an even stronger case for price stability in this environment. Even without nominal rigidities, price stability has a welfare benefit by enhancing the risk sharing capacity of nominal bond returns. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0959517; Keywords: Globalization, Monetary policy, Capital flows, Exchange rate instability, International capital markets,; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200803 URL: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2007/wp07279.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 499 Author: Devereux, M. B.; Sutherland, A. Year: 2007 Title of Work: Financial Globalization and Monetary Policy Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 6147 Short Title: Financial Globalization and Monetary Policy DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP6147.asp Keywords: Monetary Policy E520 Central Banks and Their Policies E580 Open Economy Macroeconomics F410 Abstract: The process of financial globalization has significantly altered the environment in which national monetary policy authorities operate. What implications does this have for the design of monetary policy? The question can be properly addressed only in the context of a model where monetary policy interacts with financial market efficiency. This paper is concerned with the effects of monetary policy when international portfolio choice is endogenous. We analyze the link between monetary policy and gross national bond and equity portfolios. With endogenous portfolio structure and incomplete markets, monetary policy takes on new importance due to its impact on the distribution of returns on nominal assets. Despite this, we find that the case for price stability as an optimal monetary rule still remains. In fact, it is reinforced. Even without nominal price rigidities, price stability has a welfare benefit through its enhancement of the risk sharing properties of nominal bond returns. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0890540; Keywords: international risk sharing; portfolio choice; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200703 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP6147.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1122 Author: Devereux, M. B.; Sutherland, A. Year: 2007 Title of Work: Solving for Country Portfolios in Open Economy Macro Models Institution: International Monetary Fund, IMF Working Papers: 07/284 Pages: 27 pages Short Title: Solving for Country Portfolios in Open Economy Macro Models DOI: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2007/wp07284.pdf Abstract: This paper presents a general approximation method for characterizing time-varying equilibrium portfolios in a two-country dynamic general equilibrium model. the method can be easily adapted to most dynamic general equilibrium models, it applies to environments in which markets are complete or incomplete, and it can be used for models of any dimension. Moreover, the approximation provides simple, easily interpretable closed form solutions for the dynamics of equilibrium portfolios. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0959536; Keywords: Payments imbalances, Markets, Trade, Bonds,; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200803 URL: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2007/wp07284.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 244 Author: Devereux, M. B.; Sutherland, A. Year: 2008 Title of Work: Country portfolios in open economy macro models Institution: Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Globalization and Monetary Policy Institute Working Paper: 09 Short Title: Country portfolios in open economy macro models DOI: http://dallasfed.org/gmpi/wpapers/2008/gmpi0009.pdf Abstract: This paper develops a simple approximation method for computing equilibrium portfolios in dynamic general equilibrium open economy macro models. The method is widely applicable, simple to implement, and gives analytical solutions for equilibrium portfolio positions in any combination or types of asset. It can be used in models with any number of assets, whether markets are complete or incomplete, and can be applied to stochastic dynamic general equilibrium models of any dimension, so long as the model is amenable to a solution using standard approximation methods. We first illustrate the approach using a simple two-asset endowment economy model, and then show how the results extend to the case of any number of assets and general economic structure. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0971178; Keywords: Econometric models; Equilibrium (Economics)--Mathematical models; Macroeconomics--Econometric models; Monetary policy; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200805 URL: http://dallasfed.org/gmpi/wpapers/2008/gmpi0009.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 245 Author: Devereux, M. B.; Sutherland, A. Year: 2008 Title of Work: Country Portfolios in Open Economy Macro Models Institution: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, NBER Working Papers: 14372 Short Title: Country Portfolios in Open Economy Macro Models DOI: http://www.nber.org/papers/w14372.pdf Keywords: International Finance: General F300 Open Economy Macroeconomics F410 Abstract: This paper develops a simple approximation method for computing equilibrium portfolios in dynamic general equilibrium open economy macro models. The method is widely applicable, simple to implement, and gives analytical solutions for equilibrium portfolio positions in any combination or types of asset. It can be used in models with any number of assets, whether markets are complete or incomplete, and can be applied to stochastic dynamic general equilibrium models of any dimension, so long as the model is amenable to a solution using standard approximation methods. We first illustrate the approach using a simple two-asset endowment economy model, and then show how the results extend to the case of any number of assets and general economic structure. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1006765; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200812 URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w14372.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 496 Author: Devereux, M. B.; Sutherland, A. Year: 2008 Title: Financial Globalization and Monetary Policy Journal: Journal of Monetary Economics Volume: 55 Issue: 8 Pages: 1363-1375 Short Title: Financial Globalization and Monetary Policy ISSN: 03043932 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505566/ Accession Number: 1016993 Keywords: Monetary Policy E520 International Lending and Debt Problems F340 Open Economy Macroeconomics F410 Portfolio Choice Investment Decisions G110 International Financial Markets G150 Abstract: Recent data show substantial increases in the size of gross external asset and liability positions. The implications of these developments for optimal conduct of monetary policy are analyzed in a standard open economy model which is augmented to allow for endogenous portfolio choice. The model shows that monetary policy takes on new importance due to its impact on nominal asset returns. Nevertheless, the case for price stability as an optimal monetary rule remains. In fact, it is reinforced. Even without nominal price rigidities, price stability is optimal because it enhances the risk sharing properties of nominal bonds. Notes: Keywords: Globalization; Monetary; Monetary Policy; Open Economy; Policy; Portfolio; Portfolio Choice; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200902 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2008.09.008 http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505566/ Author Address: U British Columbia U St Andrews Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 497 Author: Devereux, M. B.; Sutherland, A. Year: 2008 Title of Work: Financial globalization and monetary policy Institution: Deutsche Bundesbank, Research Centre, Discussion Paper Series 1: Economic Studies: 2008,20 Short Title: Financial globalization and monetary policy DOI: http://opus.zbw-kiel.de/volltexte/2008/7445/pdf/200820dkp.pdf Keywords: Monetary Policy E520 Central Banks and Their Policies E580 Open Economy Macroeconomics F410 Abstract: Recent data show substantial increases in the size of gross external asset and liability positions. The implications of these developments for optimal conduct of monetary policy are analyzed in a standard open economy model which is augmented to allow for endogenous portfolio choice. The model shows that monetary policy takes on new importance due to its impact on nominal asset returns. Nevertheless, the case for price stability as an optimal monetary rule remains. In fact, it is reinforced. Even without nominal price rigidities, price stability is optimal because it enhances the risk sharing properties of nominal bonds. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1014833; Keywords: Portfolio Choice, International Risk Sharing, Exchange Rate; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200902 URL: http://opus.zbw-kiel.de/volltexte/2008/7445/pdf/200820dkp.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 498 Author: Devereux, M. B.; Sutherland, A. Year: 2008 Title of Work: Financial globalization and monetary policy Institution: Deutsche Bundesbank, Research Centre, Discussion Paper Series 1: Economic Studies: 2008,20 Short Title: Financial globalization and monetary policy DOI: http://opus.zbw-kiel.de/volltexte/2009/7559/pdf/200820dkp.pdf Keywords: Monetary Policy E520 Central Banks and Their Policies E580 Open Economy Macroeconomics F410 Abstract: Recent data show substantial increases in the size of gross external asset and liability positions. The implications of these developments for optimal conduct of monetary policy are analyzed in a standard open economy model which is augmented to allow for endogenous portfolio choice. The model shows that monetary policy takes on new importance due to its impact on nominal asset returns. Nevertheless, the case for price stability as an optimal monetary rule remains. In fact, it is reinforced. Even without nominal price rigidities, price stability is optimal because it enhances the risk sharing properties of nominal bonds. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1036376; Keywords: Portfolio Choice, International Risk Sharing, Exchange Rate; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200905 URL: http://opus.zbw-kiel.de/volltexte/2009/7559/pdf/200820dkp.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 36 Author: Devereux, M. B.; Sutherland, A. Year: 2009 Title: A Portfolio Model of Capital Flows to Emerging Markets Journal: Journal of Development Economics Volume: 89 Issue: 2 Pages: 181-193 Short Title: A Portfolio Model of Capital Flows to Emerging Markets ISSN: 03043878 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505546/description#description Accession Number: 1053533 Keywords: International Investment Long-term Capital Movements F210 Current Account Adjustment Short-term Capital Movements F320 Economic Development: Financial Markets Saving and Capital Investment Corporate Finance and Governance O160 International Linkages to Development Role of International Organizations O190 Abstract: Since the crises of the late 1990s, most emerging market economies have built up substantial positive holdings of US dollar treasury bills, while at the same time experiencing a boom in FDI capital inflows. This paper develops a DSGE model of the interaction between an emerging market economy and an advanced economy which incorporates two-way capital flows between the economies. The novel aspect of the paper is to make use of new methods for analyzing portfolio choice in DSGE models. We compare a range of alternative financial market structures, in each case computing equilibrium portfolios. We find that an asymmetric configuration where the emerging economy holds nominal bonds and issues claims on capital (FDI) can achieve a considerable degree of international risk-sharing. This risk-sharing can be enhanced by a more stable monetary policy in the advanced economy. Notes: Geographic Descriptors: China; India; Selected Countries; U.S.; Geographic Region: Asia; Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200908 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.07.002 http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505546/description#description Author Address: U British Columbia U St Andrews Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 243 Author: Devereux, M. B.; Sutherland, A. Year: 2010 Title: Country Portfolio Dynamics Journal: Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control Volume: 34 Issue: 7 Pages: 1325-1342 Short Title: Country Portfolio Dynamics ISSN: 01651889 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505547/description#description Accession Number: 1119895 Keywords: Current Account Adjustment Short-term Capital Movements F320 Open Economy Macroeconomics F410 Abstract: This paper presents a general approximation method for characterizing time-varying equilibrium portfolios in a two-country dynamic general equilibrium model. The method can be easily adapted to most dynamic general equilibrium models, it applies to environments in which markets are complete or incomplete, and it can be used for models of any dimension. Moreover, the approximation provides simple, easily interpretable closed-form solutions for the dynamics of equilibrium portfolios. Notes: Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201008 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2010.03.008 http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505547/description#description Author Address: U British Columbia U St Andrews Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 246 Author: Devereux, M. B.; Sutherland, A. Year: 2011 Title: Country Portfolios in Open Economy Macro-models Journal: Journal of the European Economic Association Volume: 9 Issue: 2 Pages: 337-369 Short Title: Country Portfolios in Open Economy Macro-models ISSN: 15424766 DOI: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/jeea Accession Number: 1163483 Keywords: Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy E440 Open Economy Macroeconomics F410 International Financial Markets G150 Abstract: This paper develops a simple approximation method for computing equilibrium portfolios in dynamic general equilibrium open economy macro-models. The method is widely applicable, simple to implement, and gives analytical solutions for equilibrium portfolio positions in any combination or types of asset. It can be used in models with any number of assets, whether markets are complete or incomplete, and can be applied to stochastic dynamic general equilibrium models of any dimension, so long as the model is amenable to a solution using standard approximation methods. We first illustrate the approach using a simple two-asset endowment economy model, and then show how the results extend to the case of any number of assets and general economic structure. Notes: Keywords: Open Economy; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201104 URL: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/jeea Author Address: U British Columbia U St Andrews Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 452 Author: Devereux, M. B.; Sutherland, A. Year: 2011 Title: Evaluating International Financial Integration under Leverage Constraints Journal: European Economic Review Volume: 55 Issue: 3 Pages: 427-442 Short Title: Evaluating International Financial Integration under Leverage Constraints ISSN: 00142921 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505541/description#description Accession Number: 1238076 Keywords: Business Fluctuations Cycles E320 Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy E440 International Finance: General F300 International Business Cycles F440 International Financial Markets G150 Abstract: The global financial crisis has undermined many economists' views about the benefits of open financial markets. Anecdotal evidence seems to indicate that financial linkages may propagate shocks during crises. This paper develops a simple two-country model in which financial liberalisation across countries takes place in the presence of credit market distortions within countries. Countries may be subject to macro risk coming from productivity shocks and direct shocks to the credit system ('financial shocks'). Three different degrees of financial linkages between countries are examined. It is shown that the type of financial integration is critical for both macroeconomic outcomes and welfare. In particular, financial integration in bond markets alone may increase aggregate consumption volatility and reduce welfare. Financial integration in both bond and equity markets generates high positive co-movement across countries, but is welfare-improving. Notes: Keywords: Bond Market; Crisis; Financial Market; Liberalization; Macroeconomics; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201106 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2010.12.007 http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505541/description#description Author Address: U British Columbia U St Andrews Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1202 Author: Devereux, M. P.; Griffith, R. Year: 1998 Title: Taxes and the Location of Production: Evidence from a Panel of US Multinationals Journal: Journal of Public Economics Volume: 68 Issue: 3 Pages: 335-367 Short Title: Taxes and the Location of Production: Evidence from a Panel of US Multinationals ISSN: 00472727 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Accession Number: 0472414 Keywords: Multinational Firms International Business F230 Other Production and Pricing Analysis R320 Abstract: This paper considers the factors that influence the locational decisions of multinational firms. A model in which firms produce differentiated products in imperfectly competitive markets is developed, in the spirit of Horstmann and Markusen (1992). Firm choose between a number of foreign locations; the outside options of exporting to or not serving the foreign market are explicitly modeled. Particular attention is paid to the impact of profit taxes; the separate roles of effective average and marginal tax rates are identified. The model is applied to a panel of U.S. firms locating in the European market. Agglomeration effects are found to be important. The effective average tax rate plays a role in the choice between locations, but not in the choice of whether to locate production in Europe compared with one of the outside options. Notes: Keywords: Multinational Firm; Multinational; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; EU; Geographic Region: Northern America; Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199809 URL: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies and Keele U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1203 Author: Devereux, M. P.; Griffith, R. Year: 2000 Title of Work: Taxes and the location of production:evidence from a panel of US multinationals Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers Short Title: Taxes and the location of production:evidence from a panel of US multinationals Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709589; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 455 Author: Devereux, M. P.; Griffith, R. Year: 2002 Title of Work: Evaluating Tax Policy for Location Decisions Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 3247 Short Title: Evaluating Tax Policy for Location Decisions DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3247.asp Keywords: Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Firm H320 Abstract: We consider the impact of taxation when investors face a discrete choice between two or more mutually exclusive projects; in particular we consider the location choice of multinationals. Such choices depend on an effective average tax rate. We propose a precise measure of this rate, which is shown to be equal to a weighted average of an effective marginal tax rate and an adjusted statutory tax rate, where the weights depend on the profitability of the investment. Estimates of the distribution of this measure are presented and compared for domestic and international investment in the USA, France, Germany, and the UK. We analyse the impact of harmonising corporate tax rates in Europe on incentives to locate in France, Germany and the UK. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0694520; Keywords: investment; location choice; tax coordination; tax policy; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3247.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 454 Author: Devereux, M. P.; Griffith, R. Year: 2003 Title: Evaluating Tax Policy for Location Decisions Journal: International Tax and Public Finance Volume: 10 Issue: 2 Pages: 107-126 Short Title: Evaluating Tax Policy for Location Decisions ISSN: 09275940 DOI: http://www.springerlink.com/link.asp?id=102915 Accession Number: 0657238 Keywords: International Fiscal Issues International Public Goods H870 Other Production and Pricing Analysis R320 Multinational Firms International Business F230 Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Firm H320 Abstract: We consider the impact of taxation when investors face a discrete choice between two or more mutually exclusive projects; in particular we consider the location choice of multinationals. Such choices depend on an effective average tax rate. We propose a precise measure of this rate, which is shown to be equal to a weighted average of an effective marginal tax rate and an adjusted statutory tax rate, where the weights depend on the profitability of the investment. Estimates of the distribution of this measure are presented and compared for domestic and international investment in the USA, France, Germany and the UK. We analyse the impact of harmonising corporate tax rates in Europe on incentives to locate in France, Germany and the UK. Notes: Keywords: Multinational; Tax; Taxation; Geographic Descriptors: France; Germany; U.K.; U.S.; Geographic Region: Europe; Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200308 URL: http://www.springerlink.com/link.asp?id=102915 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies and U Warwick Institute for Fiscal Studies and U College London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1328 Author: Devereux, M. P.; Griffith, R. Year: 2003 Title: The Impact of Corporate Taxation on the Location of Capital: A Review Journal: Economic Analysis and Policy Volume: 33 Issue: 2 Pages: 275-292 Short Title: The Impact of Corporate Taxation on the Location of Capital: A Review ISSN: 03135926 DOI: http://www.eap-journal.com/ Accession Number: 0760981 Keywords: International Investment Long-term Capital Movements F210 Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Firm H320 International Fiscal Issues International Public Goods H870 Other Production and Pricing Analysis R320 Notes: Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200502 URL: http://www.eap-journal.com/ Author Address: U Warwick and Institute for Fiscal Studies Institute for Fiscal Studies and CEPR Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 453 Author: Devereux, M. P.; Griffith, R. Year: 2007 Title: Evaluating Tax Policy for Location Decisions Editor: J. R. Hines, Jr. Book Title: International Taxation Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 210. Cheltenham, U.K. and Northampton, Mass.: Elgar Pages: 123-142 Short Title: Evaluating Tax Policy for Location Decisions Reprint Edition: [2003] Keywords: Multinational Firms International Business F230 International Policy Coordination and Transmission F420 Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Firm H320 International Fiscal Issues International Public Goods H870 Other Production and Pricing Analysis R320 Notes: Accession Number: 1066348; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-84376-446-5; Keywords: Policy; Tax; Geographic Descriptors: EU; France; Germany; U.K.; U.S.; Geographic Region: Europe; Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200910 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 230 Author: Devereux, M. P.; Griffith, R.; Klemm, A. Year: 2002 Title: Corporate Income Tax Reforms and International Tax Competition Journal: Economic Policy: A European Forum Issue: 35 Pages: 449-488 Short Title: Corporate Income Tax Reforms and International Tax Competition ISSN: 02664658 Accession Number: 0632548 Alternate Accession Number: EP7416927 Keywords: Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Multinational Firms International Business F230 Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Firm H320 International Fiscal Issues International Public Goods H870 Abstract: This paper analyses the development of taxes on corporate income in EU and G-7 countries over the last two decades. We establish a number of stylized facts about their development. Tax-cutting and base-broadening reforms have had the effect that, on average across EU and G-7 countries, effective tax rates on marginal investment have remained fairly stable, but those on more profitable investments have fallen. We discuss two possible explanations of these stylized facts arising from alternative forms of tax competition. First, governments may be responding to a fall in the cost of income shifting, which puts downward pressure on the statutory tax rate. Second, reforms are consistent with competition for more profitable projects, in particular those earned by multinational firms. Notes: Keywords: Income Tax; Tax; Taxes; Geographic Descriptors: EU; G-7; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200302; Copyright: Copyright of Economic Policy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. Author Address: U Warwick, Institute for Fiscal Studies and CEPR Institute for Fiscal Studies and CEPR Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 612 Author: Devereux, M. P.; Griffith, R.; Klemm, A. Year: 2004 Title of Work: How has the UK corporation tax raised so much revenue? Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W04/04 Pages: 28 pages Short Title: How has the UK corporation tax raised so much revenue? DOI: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp0404.pdf Keywords: Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Abstract: We analyse a puzzle in the UK corporation tax: by both historic and international standards corporation tax revenues have been high while the statutory rate has been low. Possible explanations include the following: changes in tax law that may have increased effective tax rates; other factors such as higher profitability or different macro-economic conditions may have led to higher effective tax rates; and finally the size of the corporate sector may have increased. We find evidence for all three explanations, although none would be sufficient in itself. To the extent that higher profits, particularly financial sector profits may have led to high revenues, there are doubts as to whether revenues will continue to be so strong. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0740618; Keywords: Corporation tax, revenue.; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200408 URL: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp0404.pdf Author Address: University of Warwick and Institute for Fiscal Studies Institute for Fiscal Studies and University College London Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1306 Author: Devereux, M. P.; Griffith, R.; Simpson, H. Year: 1999 Title of Work: The geographic distribution of production activity in the UK Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W99/26 Pages: 20 pages Short Title: The geographic distribution of production activity in the UK DOI: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp2699.pdf Keywords: Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity R120 Housing Markets, Production Analysis, and Firm Location: General R300 Abstract: There has much recent academic and policy interest in the issue of spatial clustering of economic activity, with most attention paid to the geographic concentration of high-tech industries. This paper describes patterns of geographic and industrial concentration in UK production industries at the 4-digit industry level. Several measures are used, including a new simple and intuitive measure of agglomeration. Conditioning on industrial concentration, many of the most geographically concentrated industries are not high-tech industries. We find that the most agglomerated industries are relatively low-tech and that they have lower entry and exit rates and higher survival rates as well as lower job creation and job destruction rates. Within industries we find that the most concentrated region has, on average, lower entry and exit rates but higher job creation rates and lower job destruction rates. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709519; Keywords: geographic concentration, agglomeration; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp2699.pdf Author Address: Univiersity of Warwick and IFS IFS Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1307 Author: Devereux, M. P.; Griffith, R.; Simpson, H. Year: 2002 Title of Work: The Geographical Distribution of Production Activity in the UK Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 3627 Short Title: The Geographical Distribution of Production Activity in the UK DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3627.asp Keywords: Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity R120 Housing Markets, Production Analysis, and Firm Location: General R300 Abstract: We investigate the geographic concentration and agglomeration of production activity in the UK at the four-digit industry level using a variety of measures. We relate these to comparable patterns in the US and France and find several similarities. We find that conditioning on industrial concentration, the most geographically concentrated industries appear to be relatively low-tech. We find evidence that plant survival rates are higher and both entry and exit rates lower in more agglomerated industries, but that in some of the most agglomerated industries entry acts to re-enforce agglomeration. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0694897; Keywords: agglomeration; geographic concentration; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3627.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 67 Author: Devereux, M. P.; Griffith, R.; Simpson, H. Year: 2003 Title of Work: Agglomeration, regional grants and firm location Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W04/06 Pages: 28 pages Short Title: Agglomeration, regional grants and firm location DOI: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp0406.pdf Keywords: Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity R120 Housing Markets, Production Analysis, and Firm Location: General R300 Abstract: We examine whether discretionary government grants influence the location of new plants, and how effective these incentives are in the presence of agglomeration and urbanisation externalities. We find evidence that regional industrial structure affects the location of new entrants. Firms in more agglomerated industries locate new plants near to others in the same industry. Firms are also attracted to industrially diversified locations. Foreign multinationals locate new plants near to other foreign-owned plants in the same industry. Fiscal incentives in the form of grants are found to have some effect in attracting plants to specific geographic areas eligible for such aid. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0740616; Keywords: Corporation tax.; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200408 URL: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp0406.pdf Author Address: University of Warwick and Institute for Fiscal Studies Institute for Fiscal Studies and University College London Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1305 Author: Devereux, M. P.; Griffith, R.; Simpson, H. Year: 2004 Title: The Geographic Distribution of Production Activity in the UK Journal: Regional Science and Urban Economics Volume: 34 Issue: 5 Pages: 533-564 Short Title: The Geographic Distribution of Production Activity in the UK ISSN: 01660462 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505570/description#description Accession Number: 0752272 Keywords: Production, Pricing, and Market Structure Size Distribution of Firms L110 Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity R120 Other Production and Pricing Analysis R320 Abstract: We investigate the geographic concentration and agglomeration of production activity in the UK at the four-digit industry level using a variety of measures. We relate these to comparable patterns in the US and France and find several similarities. We find that conditioning on industrial concentration, the most geographically concentrated industries appear to be relatively low-tech. We find evidence that plant survival rates are higher and both entry and exit rates are lower in more agglomerated industries, but that in some of the most agglomerated industries entry acts to re-enforce agglomeration. Notes: Keywords: Concentration; Entry; Exit; Production; Geographic Descriptors: France; U.K.; U.S.; Geographic Region: Europe; Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200411 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-0462(03)00073-5 http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505570/description#description Author Address: U Warwick and Institute for Fiscal Studies, London Institute for Fiscal Studies, London and U College London Institute for Fiscal Studies, London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 504 Author: Devereux, M. P.; Griffith, R.; Simpson, H. Year: 2007 Title: Firm Location Decisions, Regional Grants and Agglomeration Externalities Journal: Journal of Public Economics Volume: 91 Issue: 3-4 Pages: 413-435 Short Title: Firm Location Decisions, Regional Grants and Agglomeration Externalities ISSN: 00472727 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Accession Number: 0903112 Keywords: Multinational Firms International Business F230 Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity R120 Other Production and Pricing Analysis R320 Abstract: We examine whether discretionary government grants influence where domestic and multinational firms locate new plants, and how the presence of agglomeration externalities interacts with these policy instruments. We find that a region's existing industrial structure has an effect on the location of new entrants. Grants do have a small effect in attracting plants to specific geographic areas, but importantly, we find that firms are less responsive to government subsidies in areas where there are fewer existing plants in their industry. This suggests that these subsidies are less effective in influencing firms' location decisions in the face of countervailing co-location benefits. Notes: Keywords: Firm Location; Multinational Firm; Multinational; Regional; Regions; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200705 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2006.12.002 http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Author Address: Centre for Business Taxation, U Oxford and Institute for Fiscal Studies Institute for Fiscal Studies and U College London Institute for Fiscal Studies and Nuffield College, U Oxford Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 311 Author: Devereux, M. P.; Lockwood, B.; Redoano, M. Year: 2002 Title of Work: Do Countries Compete over Corporate Tax Rates? Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 3400 Short Title: Do Countries Compete over Corporate Tax Rates? DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3400.asp Keywords: Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Intergovernmental Relations Federalism Secession H770 Abstract: This Paper tests whether OECD countries compete with each other over corporate taxes in order to attract investment. We develop two models: with firm mobility, countries compete only over the statutory tax rate or the effective average tax rate, while with capital mobility, countries compete only over the effective marginal tax rate. We estimate the parameters of reaction functions using data from 21 countries between 1983-99. We find evidence that countries compete over all three measures, but particularly over the statutory tax rate and the effective average tax rate. This is consistent with a belief amongst governments that location choices by multinational firms are discrete. We also find evidence of concave reaction functions, consistent with the model outlined in the Paper. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0694649; Keywords: corporate taxes; effective marginal tax rate; effective tax rate; tax competition; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP3400.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 312 Author: Devereux, M. P.; Lockwood, B.; Redoano, M. Year: 2002 Title of Work: DO COUNTRIES COMPETE OVER CORPORATE TAX RATES? Institution: University of Warwick, Department of Economics, The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) Pages: 54 pages Short Title: DO COUNTRIES COMPETE OVER CORPORATE TAX RATES? DOI: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/papers/twerp642.pdf Keywords: Public Economics: General H000 Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Intergovernmental Relations Federalism Secession H770 Abstract: This paper tests whether OECD countries compete with each other over corporate taxes in order to attract investment. We develop two models: with firm mobility, countries compete only over the statutory tax rate or the effective average tax rate, while with capital mobility, countries compete only over the effective marginal tax rate. We estimate the parameters of reaction functions using data from 21 countries between 1983 and 1999. We find evidence that countries compete over all three measures, but particularly over the statutory tax rate and the effective average tax rate. This is consistent with a belief amongst governments that location choices by multinational firms are discrete. We also find evidence of concave reaction functions, consistent with the model outlined in the paper. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0856415; Keywords: tax competition; corporate taxes; effective average tax rate; effective marginal tax rate; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200607 URL: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/papers/twerp642.pdf Author Address: University of Warwick Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 591 Author: Devereux, M. P.; Lockwood, B.; Redoano, M. Year: 2004 Title of Work: Horizontal and Vertical Indirect Tax Competition: Theory and Some Evidence From the USA Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 4470 Short Title: Horizontal and Vertical Indirect Tax Competition: Theory and Some Evidence From the USA DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP4470.asp Keywords: State and Local Government Intergovernmental Relations: General H700 State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue H710 Intergovernmental Relations Federalism Secession H770 Abstract: This Paper provides a simple theoretical framework for analysing simultaneous vertical and horizontal competition in excise taxes, and estimates equations informed by the theory on a panel of US state and federal excise taxes on cigarettes and gasoline. We also examine the role played by smuggling. The results are generally consistent with the theory, when the characteristics of the markets for the goods are taken into account. For neither good do federal excise taxes affect state taxes. Taxes in neighbouring states have a significant and large effect in the case of cigarettes, and a much weaker effect in the case of gasoline. We also find that in the setting of cigarette taxes, concerns about cross-border shopping play a more important role than concerns about smuggling. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0740236; Keywords: cross-border shopping; excise taxes; smuggling; tax competitions; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200408 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP4470.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 310 Author: Devereux, M. P.; Lockwood, B.; Redoano, M. Year: 2008 Title: Do Countries Compete over Corporate Tax Rates? Journal: Journal of Public Economics Volume: 92 Issue: 5-6 Pages: 1210-1235 Short Title: Do Countries Compete over Corporate Tax Rates? ISSN: 00472727 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Accession Number: 0968893 Keywords: Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 International Fiscal Issues International Public Goods H870 Abstract: This paper investigates whether OECD countries compete with each other over corporation taxes, and whether such competition can explain the fall in statutory tax rates in the 1980s and 1990s. We develop a model in which multinational firms choose their capital stock in response to an effective marginal tax rate (EMTR), and simultaneously choose the location of their profit in response to differences in statutory tax rates. Governments engage in two-dimensional tax competition: they simultaneously compete over EMTRs for capital and over statutory rates for profit. We estimate the parameters of their reaction functions using data from 21 countries between 1982 and 1999. We find evidence that countries compete over both measures, and moreover, that the estimated slopes of reaction functions are consistent with our theoretical predictions. We find that--consistent with our model, but not some other forms of competition--evidence of strategic interaction is present only between open economies (i.e. those without capital controls in place). The Nash equilibrium average statutory rates implied by the empirical model fall substantially over the period, in line with falls in actual statutory rates. The reductions in equilibrium tax rates can be explained almost entirely by more intense competition generated by the relaxation of capital controls. Notes: Keywords: Tax; Taxes; Geographic Descriptors: OECD; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200805 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2007.09.005 http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Author Address: Centre for Business Taxation, U Oxford U Warwick Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 306 Author: Dickey, D. A.; Fuller, W. A. Year: 1994 Title: Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root Editor: A. Harvey Book Title: Time series. Volume 1. Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Econometrics, vol. 5. Aldershot, U.K.: Elgar; distributed in the U.S. by Ashgate, Brookfield, Vt. Pages: 199-203 Short Title: Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root Reprint Edition: [1979] Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Notes: Accession Number: 0418830; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-662-0; Keywords: Autoregressive; Time Series; Unit Root; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199707 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 801 Author: Dilnot, A.; Kell, M. Year: 1989 Title: Male Unemployment and Women's Work Editor: A. Dilnot and I. Walker Book Title: The economics of social security Publisher: Oxford; New York; Toronto and Melbourne: Oxford University Press Pages: 153-168 Short Title: Male Unemployment and Women's Work Keywords: Employment Studies Unemployment and Vacancies Retirements and Quits 8243 Economics of Minorities Economics of Discrimination 9170 Notes: Accession Number: 0256153; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199203 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1386 Author: Dilnot, A.; Stark, G. Year: 1989 Title: The Poverty Trap, Tax Cuts, and the Reform of Social Security Editor: A. Dilnot and I. Walker Book Title: The economics of social security Publisher: Oxford; New York; Toronto and Melbourne: Oxford University Press Pages: 169-178 Short Title: The Poverty Trap, Tax Cuts, and the Reform of Social Security Keywords: National Taxation, Revenue, and Subsidies 3230 Economics of Poverty 9140 Social Security 9150 Notes: Accession Number: 0256154; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199203 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 368 Author: Dilnot, A.; Walker, I. Year: 1989 Title: Economic Issues in Social Security: Introduction Editor: A. Dilnot and I. Walker Book Title: The economics of social security Publisher: Oxford; New York; Toronto and Melbourne: Oxford University Press Pages: 1-15 Short Title: Economic Issues in Social Security: Introduction Keywords: Social Security 9150 Notes: Accession Number: 0256145; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199203 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies U Keele and Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Record Number: 1271 Author: Dilnot, A.; Walker, I. e. Year: 1989 Title: The economics of social security Publisher: Oxford; New York; Toronto and Melbourne: Oxford University Press Number of Pages: xi Short Title: The economics of social security Keywords: Social Security 9150 General Welfare Programs 9110 Abstract: Fourteen papers, most from a conference organized by the Institute for Fiscal Studies in April 1988, bring together a number of recent contributions to the debate about the economic effects of social security programs in the United Kingdom. Five articles were previously published in Fiscal Studies. Papers focus on the benefits for the unemployed, 1979-88; the possibility of market failure in occupational sick pay; trends in dependence on supplementary benefits; social security and the economics of housing; poverty, incentives, and linear income taxation; the effect of transfer programs on work effort and human capital formation--evidence from the United States; implications for incentives to work; male unemployment and women's work; the poverty trap, tax cuts, and the reform of social security; the take-up of supplementary benefits; a government view of the reform of social security; an assessment of the Fowler review; the new pension scheme in Britain; and the 1988 social security reforms. Dilnot is at the Institute for Fiscal Studies. Walker is at the University of Keele and the Institute for Fiscal Studies. Bibliography; index. Notes: Accession Number: 0230106; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-19-828699-6; ; Publication Type: Book; Update Code: 199006 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1233 Author: Dilnot, A.; Webb, S. Year: 1989 Title: The 1988 Social Security Reforms Editor: A. Dilnot and I. Walker Book Title: The economics of social security Publisher: Oxford; New York; Toronto and Melbourne: Oxford University Press Pages: 239-267 Short Title: The 1988 Social Security Reforms Keywords: Social Security 9150 Unemployment Insurance 8224 General Welfare Programs 9110 Notes: Accession Number: 0256159; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199203 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 740 Author: Disney, R.; Webb, S. Year: 1989 Title: Is There a Market Failure in Occupational Sick Pay? Editor: A. Dilnot and I. Walker Book Title: The economics of social security Publisher: Oxford; New York; Toronto and Melbourne: Oxford University Press Pages: 52-68 Short Title: Is There a Market Failure in Occupational Sick Pay? Keywords: Wage and Fringe Benefit Studies 8242 Social Security 9150 Notes: Accession Number: 0256147; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199203 Author Address: Keynes College, U Kent and Institute for Fiscal Studies Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 933 Author: Dixit, A. Year: 1993 Title: Prices of Goods and Factors in a Dynamic Stochastic Economy Editor: W. J. Ethier, E. Helpman and J. P. Neary Book Title: Theory, policy and dynamics in international trade: Essays in honor of Ronald W. Jones Publisher: Cambridge; New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press Pages: 175-190 Short Title: Prices of Goods and Factors in a Dynamic Stochastic Economy Keywords: Neoclassical Models of Trade F110 Open Economy Macroeconomics F410 Notes: Accession Number: 0406604; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-521-43442-4; ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Festschrift: Jones, Ronald W.; Update Code: 199704 Author Address: Princeton U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 575 Author: Dixit, A. Year: 1995 Title: Growth and Terms of Trade under Imperfect Competition Editor: J. P. Neary Book Title: International trade. Volume 1. Welfare and trade policy Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 59. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Elgar Pages: 89-103 Short Title: Growth and Terms of Trade under Imperfect Competition Reprint Edition: [1984] Keywords: International Linkages to Development Role of International Organizations O190 Market Structure and Pricing: Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection D430 Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies F120 Notes: Accession Number: 0449510; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-361-3; Keywords: Competition; Imperfect Competition; Trade; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1366 Author: Dixit, A. Year: 1995 Title: The Multi-country Transfer Problem Editor: J. P. Neary Book Title: International trade. Volume 1. Welfare and trade policy Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 59. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Elgar Pages: 69-73 Short Title: The Multi-country Transfer Problem Reprint Edition: [1983] Keywords: Neoclassical Models of Trade F110 Foreign Aid F350 Notes: Accession Number: 0449508; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-361-3; ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1482 Author: Dixit, A. Year: 1995 Title: Trade and Insurance with Moral Hazard Editor: J. P. Neary Book Title: International trade. Volume 2. Production structure, trade and growth Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 59. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Elgar Pages: 453-472 Short Title: Trade and Insurance with Moral Hazard Reprint Edition: [1987] Keywords: Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 Asymmetric and Private Information D820 Notes: Accession Number: 0449567; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-361-3; Keywords: Hazard; Moral Hazard; Trade; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 748 Author: Dixit, A.; Besley, T. Year: 1997 Title: James Mirrlees' Contributions to the Theory of Information and Incentives Journal: Scandinavian Journal of Economics Volume: 99 Issue: 2 Pages: 207-235 Short Title: James Mirrlees' Contributions to the Theory of Information and Incentives ISSN: 03470520 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0347-0520 Accession Number: 0426886 Alternate Accession Number: EP9708225553 Keywords: History of Economic Thought: Individuals B310 Asymmetric and Private Information D820 Search Learning Information and Knowledge Communication Belief D830 Notes: Keywords: Information; Named Person: Mirrlees, James; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199710; Copyright: Copyright of Scandinavian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0347-0520 Author Address: Princeton U London School of Econ Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 551 Author: Dixit, A.; Norman, V. Year: 1995 Title: Gains from Trade without Lump-Sum Compensation Editor: J. P. Neary Book Title: International trade. Volume 1. Welfare and trade policy Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 59. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Elgar Pages: 146-157 Short Title: Gains from Trade without Lump-Sum Compensation Reprint Edition: [1986] Keywords: Neoclassical Models of Trade F110 Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies F120 Notes: Accession Number: 0449512; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-361-3; Keywords: Gains from Trade; Trade; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1171 Author: Dixit, A. K.; Grossman, G. M. Year: 1995 Title: Targeted Export Promotion with Several Oligopolistic Industries Editor: J. P. Neary Book Title: International trade. Volume 1. Welfare and trade policy Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 59. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Elgar Pages: 243-259 Short Title: Targeted Export Promotion with Several Oligopolistic Industries Reprint Edition: [1986] Keywords: Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies F120 Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 Notes: Accession Number: 0449518; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-361-3; Keywords: Exports; Oligopolistic; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 272 Author: Dolado, J. J.; Griffiths, M.; Padilla, A. J. Year: 1993 Title of Work: Delegation in International Monetary Policy Games Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 761 Short Title: Delegation in International Monetary Policy Games DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP761.asp Keywords: Monetary Policy E520 Central Banks and Their Policies E580 International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions F330 Abstract: In this paper we show that the delegation of monetary policy to an independent and more conservative central banker is an optimal policy in an international context with monetary spillovers between countries, even in the absence of time inconsistency (credibility) issues. We also study the welfare implications of delegating monetary policy and extend our analysis to incorporate the coordination of monetary policies. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0692037; Keywords: Delegation; International Economy; Monetary Policy; Spillovers; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP761.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 273 Author: Dolado, J. J.; Grifiths, M.; Padilla, A. J. Year: 1994 Title: Delegations in International Monetary Policy Games Journal: European Economic Review Volume: 38 Issue: 5 Pages: 1057-1069 Short Title: Delegations in International Monetary Policy Games ISSN: 00142921 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505541/description#description Accession Number: 0344706 Keywords: Monetary Policy E520 International Policy Coordination and Transmission F420 Abstract: In this paper, the authors show that delegation of monetary policy to an independent and more conservative central banker is an optimal policy in a multicountry framework with monetary spillovers among countries, even in the absence of time inconsistency (credibility) issues. They also study the welfare implications of delegating monetary policy and extend their analysis to the case of coordination of monetary policies. Notes: Keywords: Monetary Policy; Monetary; Policy; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199503 URL: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505541/description#description Author Address: Bank of Spain and CEPR VA Polytechnic Institute & State U CEMFI, Madrid and CEPR Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1173 Author: Dornbusch, R. Year: 1995 Title: Tariffs and Nontraded Goods Editor: J. P. Neary Book Title: International trade. Volume 2. Production structure, trade and growth Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 59. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Elgar Pages: 488-496 Short Title: Tariffs and Nontraded Goods Reprint Edition: [1974] Keywords: Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 Neoclassical Models of Trade F110 Notes: Accession Number: 0449569; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-361-3; Keywords: Tariff; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 198 Author: Dornbusch, R.; Fischer, S.; Samuelson, P. A. Year: 1995 Title: Comparative Advantage, Trade, and Payments in a Ricardian Model with a Continuum of Goods Editor: J. P. Neary Book Title: International trade. Volume 2. Production structure, trade and growth Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 59. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Elgar Pages: 97-113 Short Title: Comparative Advantage, Trade, and Payments in a Ricardian Model with a Continuum of Goods Reprint Edition: [1977] Keywords: Neoclassical Models of Trade F110 Open Economy Macroeconomics F410 Notes: Accession Number: 0449545; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-361-3; Keywords: Comparative Advantage; Trade; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 843 Author: Doucet, A.; Godsill, S.; Andrieu, C. Year: 2005 Title: On Sequential Monte Carlo Sampling Methods for Bayesian Filtering Editor: A. Harvey and T. Proietti Book Title: Readings in Unobserved Components Models Publisher: Advanced Texts in Econometrics. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 418-441 Short Title: On Sequential Monte Carlo Sampling Methods for Bayesian Filtering Reprint Edition: [1997] Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C320 Notes: Accession Number: 0851038; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-19-927865-2 (cloth); 0-19-927869-5 (pbk); Keywords: Filtering; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200607 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1332 Author: Doyle, O.; Harmon, C.; Walker, I. Year: 2005 Title of Work: The Impact of Parental Income and Education on the Health of their Children Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 5359 Short Title: The Impact of Parental Income and Education on the Health of their Children DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP5359.asp Keywords: Health: General I100 Abstract: This paper investigates the robustness of recent findings on the effect of parental background on child health. We are particularly concerned with the extent to which their finding that income effects on child health are the result of spurious correlation rather than some causal mechanism. A similar argument can be made for the effect of education - if parental education and child health are correlated with some common unobservable (say, low parental time preference) then least squares estimates of the effect of parental education will be biased upwards. Moreover, it is very common for parental income data to be grouped, in which case income is measured with error and the coefficient on income will be biased towards zero and there are good reasons why the extent of bias may vary with child age. Fixed effect estimation is undermined by measurement error and here we adopt the traditional solution to both spurious correlation and measurement error and use an instrumental variables approach. Our results suggest that the income effects observed in the data are spurious. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0809417; Keywords: child health; intergenerational transmission; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200601 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP5359.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1330 Author: Doyle, O.; Harmon, C.; Walker, I. Year: 2007 Title of Work: The Impact of Parental Income and Education on Child Health : Further Evidence for England Institution: University of Warwick, Department of Economics, The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) Pages: 32 pages Short Title: The Impact of Parental Income and Education on Child Health : Further Evidence for England DOI: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/papers/twerp_788.pdf Keywords: Health: General I100 Abstract: This paper investigates the robustness of recent findings on the effect of parental education and income on child health. We are particularly concerned about spurious correlation arising from the potential endogeneity of parental income and education. We adopt an instrumental variables approach and our results suggest that the parental income and education effects are generally larger than are suggested by the correlations observed in the data. Moreover, we find strong support for the causal effect of income effect being large for the poor but small at the average level of income. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0891951; Keywords: Child health; intergenerational transmission; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200703 URL: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/papers/twerp_788.pdf Author Address: UCD Geary Institute, University College Dublin UCD Geary Institute University College Dublin and IZA Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1331 Author: Doyle, O.; Harmon, C.; Walker, I. Year: 2007 Title of Work: The Impact of Parental Income and Education on Child Health. Further Evidence for England Institution: Geary Institute, University College Dublin, Working Papers: 200706 Pages: 33 pages Short Title: The Impact of Parental Income and Education on Child Health. Further Evidence for England DOI: http://geary.ucd.ie/images/Publications/WorkingPapers/GearyWp200706.pdf Keywords: Health: General I100 Abstract: This paper investigates the robustness of recent findings on the effect of parental education and income on child health. We are particularly concerned about spurious correlation arising from the potential endogeneity of parental income and education. Using an instrumental variables approach, our results suggest that the parental income and education effects are generally larger than are suggested by the correlations observed in the data. Moreover, we find strong support for the causal effect of income being large for the poor, but small at the average level of income. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1035089; Keywords: Child health, Intergenerational Transmission; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200905 URL: http://geary.ucd.ie/images/Publications/WorkingPapers/GearyWp200706.pdf Author Address: Geary Institute, University College Dublin School of Economics & Geary Institute, University College Dublin Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry & Institute for Fiscal Studies, UK Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1301 Author: Dufwenberg, M.; Gaechter, S.; Hennig-Schmidt, H. Year: 2010 Title of Work: The Framing of Games and the Psychology of Play Institution: University of Bonn, Germany, Bonn Econ Discussion Papers Pages: 41-41 Short Title: The Framing of Games and the Psychology of Play DOI: ftp://web.bgse.uni-bonn.de/pub/RePEc/bon/bonedp/bgse15_2010.pdf Keywords: Design of Experiments: Laboratory, Individual C910 Noncooperative Games C720 Altruism D640 Economic Sociology Economic Anthropology Social and Economic Stratification Z130 Abstract: Psychological game theory can provide rational-choice-based framing effects; frames influence beliefs, beliefs influence motivations. We explain this theoretically and explore empirical relevance experimentally. In a 2x2 design of one-shot public good games we show that frames affect subject's first- and second-order beliefs, and contributions. From a psychological game-theoretic framework we derive two mutually compatible hypotheses about guilt aversion and reciprocity under which contributions are related to second- and first-order beliefs, respectively. Our results are consistent with either. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1138974; Keywords: framing, psychological game theory, guilt aversion, reciprocity, public good games, voluntary cooperation; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 201012 URL: ftp://web.bgse.uni-bonn.de/pub/RePEc/bon/bonedp/bgse15_2010.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 789 Author: Duncan, D. B.; Horn, S. D. Year: 1994 Title: Linear Dynamic Recursive Estimation from the Viewpoint of Regression Analysis Editor: A. Harvey Book Title: Time series. Volume 2. Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Econometrics, vol. 5. Aldershot, U.K.: Elgar; distributed in the U.S. by Ashgate, Brookfield, Vt. Pages: 149 Short Title: Linear Dynamic Recursive Estimation from the Viewpoint of Regression Analysis Reprint Edition: [1972] Keywords: Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C320 Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Notes: Accession Number: 0418855; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-662-0; Keywords: Estimation; Regression; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199707 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1462 Author: Durbin, J.; Koopman, S. J. Year: 2005 Title: Time Series Analysis of Non-Gaussian Observations Based on State Space Models from Both Classical and Bayesian Perspectives Editor: A. Harvey and T. Proietti Book Title: Readings in Unobserved Components Models Publisher: Advanced Texts in Econometrics. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 386-417 Short Title: Time Series Analysis of Non-Gaussian Observations Based on State Space Models from Both Classical and Bayesian Perspectives Reprint Edition: [2000] Keywords: Statistical Simulation Methods: General C150 Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C320 Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis D120 Foreign Exchange F310 Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion Safety and Accidents Transportation Noise R410 Notes: Accession Number: 0851037; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-19-927865-2 (cloth); 0-19-927869-5 (pbk); Keywords: State Space Model; Time Series; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; U.S.; Geographic Region: Europe; Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200607 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 874 Author: Eaton, J.; Grossman, G. M. Year: 1995 Title: Optimal Trade and Industrial Policy under Oligopoly Editor: J. P. Neary Book Title: International trade. Volume 1. Welfare and trade policy Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 59. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Elgar Pages: 219-242 Short Title: Optimal Trade and Industrial Policy under Oligopoly Reprint Edition: [1986] Keywords: Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies F120 Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 Industrial Policy Sectoral Planning Methods L520 Notes: Accession Number: 0449517; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-361-3; Keywords: Industrial Policy; Oligopoly; Policy; Trade; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 781 Author: Eckaus, R. Year: 2005 Title: Lessons from India's Economic Reforms: Comment Editor: T. Besley and R. Zagha Book Title: Development Challenges in the 1990s: Leading Policymakers Speak from Experience Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 211-214 Short Title: Lessons from India's Economic Reforms: Comment Keywords: Welfare and Poverty: Government Programs Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs I380 Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O110 Economic Development: Human Resources Human Development Income Distribution Migration O150 Formal and Informal Sectors Shadow Economy Institutional Arrangements O170 Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development O230 Notes: Accession Number: 0835744; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8213-5872-3; ; Geographic Descriptors: India; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200605 Author Address: MIT Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 2 Author: Edwards, S. Year: 1986 Title: A Commodity Export Boom and the Real Exchange Rate: The Money-Inflation Link Editor: J. P. Neary and S. van Wijnbergen Book Title: Natural resources and the macroeconomy Publisher: Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; Oxford: Blackwell Pages: 229-248 Short Title: A Commodity Export Boom and the Real Exchange Rate: The Money-Inflation Link Keywords: Open Economy Macroeconomic Theory--Balance of Payments and Adjustment Mechanisms 4312 Theory of International Trade and Economic Development 4114 Exchange Rates and Markets--Theory and Studies 4314 Notes: Accession Number: 0022588; Geographic Descriptors: Colombia; Geographic Region: Latin America and the Caribbean; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199006 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 64 Author: Edwards, S. Year: 1986 Title: Adjustment to Windfall Gains: A Comparative Analysis of Oil-Exporting Countries: Comment Editor: J. P. Neary and S. van Wijnbergen Book Title: Natural resources and the macroeconomy Publisher: Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; Oxford: Blackwell Pages: 93-95 Short Title: Adjustment to Windfall Gains: A Comparative Analysis of Oil-Exporting Countries: Comment Keywords: Open Economy Macroeconomic Studies--Balance of Payments and Adjustment Mechanisms 4313 Energy 7230 Economic Studies of Developing Countries--Comparative Country Studies 1211 Notes: Accession Number: 0022579; Geographic Descriptors: OPEC; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199006 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 86 Author: Emmerson, C.; Frayne, C. Year: 2006 Title: Appendix A: Forecasting Public Finances Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, R. Harrison and D. Miles Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2006 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies in collaboration with Morgan Stanley Pages: 180-186 Short Title: Appendix A: Forecasting Public Finances Keywords: Forecasting Methods Simulation Methods C530 National Budget Budget Systems H610 Notes: Accession Number: 0925450; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-903274-44-3; Keywords: Forecasting; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200708 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 161 Author: Emmerson, C.; Frayne, C.; Tetlow, G. Year: 2007 Title: Challenges for Public Spending Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, A. Leicester and D. Miles Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2007 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Pages: 124-151 Short Title: Challenges for Public Spending Keywords: Fiscal Policy E620 National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General H500 National Government Expenditures and Health H510 National Government Expenditures and Education H520 Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Europe: 1913- N440 Notes: Accession Number: 0973601; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-48-4; ; Geographic Descriptors: EU; OECD; U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200806 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 526 Author: Emmerson, C.; Frayne, C.; Tetlow, G. Year: 2007 Title: Forecasting Public Finances Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, A. Leicester and D. Miles Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2007 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Pages: 240-246 Short Title: Forecasting Public Finances Keywords: Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt H680 Notes: Accession Number: 0973607; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-48-4; ; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200806 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 527 Author: Emmerson, C.; Tetlow, G. Year: 2008 Title: Forecasting Public Finances Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, D. Miles and J. Shaw Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2008 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Pages: 289-295 Short Title: Forecasting Public Finances Keywords: Fiscal Policy E620 Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt H680 Notes: Accession Number: 1018238; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-52-1; ; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200902 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 528 Author: Emmerson, C.; Tetlow, G. Year: 2009 Title: Forecasting Public Finances Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, D. Miles and J. Shaw Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2009 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies in collaboration with Morgan Stanley Pages: 239-245 Short Title: Forecasting Public Finances Keywords: Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt H680 Notes: Accession Number: 1084505; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-58-3; ; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 201002 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies, London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 101 Author: Engle, R. F. Year: 1994 Title: Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity with Estimates of the Variance of United Kingdom Inflation Editor: A. Harvey Book Title: Time series. Volume 2. Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Econometrics, vol. 5. Aldershot, U.K.: Elgar; distributed in the U.S. by Ashgate, Brookfield, Vt. Pages: 231-251 Short Title: Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity with Estimates of the Variance of United Kingdom Inflation Reprint Edition: [1982] Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Price Level Inflation Deflation E310 Notes: Accession Number: 0418861; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-662-0; Keywords: Autoregressive; Inflation; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199707 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 179 Author: Engle, R. F.; Granger, W. J. Year: 1994 Title: Co-Integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing Editor: A. Harvey Book Title: Time series. Volume 1. Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Econometrics, vol. 5. Aldershot, U.K.: Elgar; distributed in the U.S. by Ashgate, Brookfield, Vt. Pages: 458 Short Title: Co-Integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing Reprint Edition: [1987] Keywords: Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C320 Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Model Evaluation and Selection C520 Model Construction and Estimation C510 Notes: Accession Number: 0418845; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-662-0; Keywords: Co integration; Estimation; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199707 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 465 Author: Engle, R. F.; Hendry, D. F.; Richard, J.-F. Year: 1994 Title: Exogeneity Editor: A. Harvey Book Title: Time series. Volume 2. Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Econometrics, vol. 5. Aldershot, U.K.: Elgar; distributed in the U.S. by Ashgate, Brookfield, Vt. Pages: 77-104 Short Title: Exogeneity Reprint Edition: [1983] Keywords: Model Construction and Estimation C510 Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C320 Notes: Accession Number: 0418851; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-662-0; ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199707 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 428 Author: Etheridge, B.; Leicester, A. Year: 2007 Title: Environmental Taxation Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, A. Leicester and D. Miles Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2007 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Pages: 187-215 Short Title: Environmental Taxation Keywords: Taxation and Subsidies: Externalities Redistributive Effects Environmental Taxes and Subsidies H230 Air Pollution Water Pollution Noise Hazardous Waste Solid Waste Recycling Q530 Notes: Accession Number: 0973605; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-48-4; Keywords: Taxation; Geographic Descriptors: Selected Countries; U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200806 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 719 Author: Ethier, W. Year: 1995 Title: Internationally Decreasing Costs and World Trade Editor: J. P. Neary Book Title: International trade. Volume 2. Production structure, trade and growth Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 59. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Elgar Pages: 161-184 Short Title: Internationally Decreasing Costs and World Trade Reprint Edition: [1979] Keywords: Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies F120 Notes: Accession Number: 0449550; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-361-3; Keywords: Trade; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1124 Author: Ethier, W. Year: 1995 Title: Some of the Theorems of International Trade with Many Goods and Factors Editor: J. P. Neary Book Title: International trade. Volume 2. Production structure, trade and growth Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 59. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Elgar Pages: 85-92 Short Title: Some of the Theorems of International Trade with Many Goods and Factors Reprint Edition: [1974] Keywords: Neoclassical Models of Trade F110 Notes: Accession Number: 0449544; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-361-3; Keywords: International Trade; Trade; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1421 Author: Ethier, W. Year: 1995 Title: The Theory of Effective Protection in General Equilibrium: Effective-Rate Analogues of Nominal Rates Editor: J. P. Neary Book Title: International trade. Volume 1. Welfare and trade policy Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 59. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Elgar Pages: 186-198 Short Title: The Theory of Effective Protection in General Equilibrium: Effective-Rate Analogues of Nominal Rates Reprint Edition: [1977] Keywords: Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 Notes: Accession Number: 0449515; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-361-3; Keywords: Protection; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1063 Author: Ethier, W. J. Year: 1993 Title: Ronald Jones and the Theory of International Trade Editor: W. J. Ethier, E. Helpman and J. P. Neary Book Title: Theory, policy and dynamics in international trade: Essays in honor of Ronald W. Jones Publisher: Cambridge; New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press Pages: 9-26 Short Title: Ronald Jones and the Theory of International Trade Keywords: History of Economic Thought: Individuals B310 Neoclassical Models of Trade F110 Notes: Accession Number: 0406595; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-521-43442-4; Keywords: International Trade; Trade; Named Person: Jones, Ronald; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Festschrift: Jones, Ronald W.; Update Code: 199704 Author Address: U PA Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 271 Author: Ethier, W. J. Year: 1995 Title: Decreasing Costs in International Trade and Frank Graham's Argument for Protection Editor: J. P. Neary Book Title: International trade. Volume 1. Welfare and trade policy Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 59. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Elgar Pages: 327-352 Short Title: Decreasing Costs in International Trade and Frank Graham's Argument for Protection Reprint Edition: [1982] Keywords: Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 Notes: Accession Number: 0449523; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-361-3; Keywords: International Trade; Protection; Trade; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1303 Author: Ethier, W. J. Year: 1995 Title: The General Role of Factor Intensity in the Theorems of International Trade Editor: J. P. Neary Book Title: International trade. Volume 2. Production structure, trade and growth Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 59. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Elgar Pages: 138-143 Short Title: The General Role of Factor Intensity in the Theorems of International Trade Reprint Edition: [1982] Keywords: Neoclassical Models of Trade F110 Notes: Accession Number: 0449548; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-361-3; Keywords: International Trade; Trade; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1449 Author: Ethier, W. J.; Helpman, E.; Neary, J. P. Year: 1993 Title: Theory, Policy and Dynamics in International Trade: Essays in Honor of Ronald W. Jones: Scope of the Volume Editor: W. J. Ethier, E. Helpman and J. P. Neary Book Title: Theory, policy and dynamics in international trade: Essays in honor of Ronald W. Jones Publisher: Cambridge; New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press Pages: 3-8 Short Title: Theory, Policy and Dynamics in International Trade: Essays in Honor of Ronald W. Jones: Scope of the Volume Keywords: Trade: General F100 Notes: Accession Number: 0406594; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-521-43442-4; Keywords: International Trade; Trade; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Festschrift: Jones, Ronald W.; Update Code: 199704 Author Address: U PA Tel Aviv U U College Dublin and U Ulster Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 278 Author: Evans, D. S.; Padilla, A. J. Year: 2004 Title of Work: Designing Antitrust Rules for Assessing Unilateral Practices: A Neo-Chicago Approach Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 4625 Short Title: Designing Antitrust Rules for Assessing Unilateral Practices: A Neo-Chicago Approach DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP4625.asp Keywords: Antitrust Law K210 Antitrust Issues and Policies: General L400 Abstract: This essay describes an approach for designing antitrust rules for assessing whether firms have engaged in anticompetitive unilateral practices that is based in part on the error-cost framework pioneered by Judge Easterbrook. We focus particularly on the role of economic theory and evidence in forming presumptions about the likelihood that unilateral business practices reduce welfare and on the implications of this role for the kinds of research that economists need to conduct concerning unilateral business practices. We then apply this approach to tying. Our approach towards designing legal rules proceeds in two steps. First, economic theory and empirical evidence are used to formulate explicitly a set of presumptions regarding the cost and likelihood of errors resulting from condemning welfare-increasing business practices or condoning welfare-reducing ones. Second, based on those presumptions, a legal rule that minimizes the cost of errors is selected. We will refer to this as a neo-Chicago approach, since it accepts the fundamental tenet of Chicago thinking that legal rules and legal outcomes can and should be assessed based on their efficiency properties, while also incorporating the learning of the Chicago and post-Chicago literatures in designing these rules. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0765015; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200503 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP4625.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 460 Author: Evans, D. S.; Padilla, A. J. Year: 2004 Title of Work: Excessive Prices: Using Economics to Define Administrable Legal Rules Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 4626 Short Title: Excessive Prices: Using Economics to Define Administrable Legal Rules DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP4626.asp Keywords: Antitrust Law K210 Antitrust Issues and Policies: General L400 Abstract: European competition laws condemn as 'exploitative abuses' the pricing policies of dominant firms that may result in a direct loss of consumer welfare. Article 82(a) of the EC Treaty, for example, expressly states that imposing 'unfair' prices on consumers by dominant suppliers constitutes an abuse. Several firms have been found to abuse their dominant positions by charging excessive prices in cases brought by the European Commission and the competition authorities of several Member States. Those cases show that the assessment of excessive pricing is subject to substantial conceptual and practical difficulties, and that any policy that seeks to detect and prohibit excessive prices is likely to yield incorrect predictions in numerous instances. In this Paper we evaluate the pros and cons of alternative legal standards towards excessive pricing by explicitly considering the likelihood of false convictions/acquittals and the costs associated with those errors. We find that the legal standard that maximizes long-term consumer welfare given the information typically available to regulators would involve no ex post intervention on the pricing decisions of dominant firms. A possible exception to this general rule is discussed. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0765016; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200503 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP4626.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 461 Author: Evans, D. S.; Padilla, A. J. Year: 2005 Title: Excessive Prices: Using Economics to Define Administrable Legal Rules Journal: Journal of Competition Law and Economics Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Pages: 97-122 Short Title: Excessive Prices: Using Economics to Define Administrable Legal Rules ISSN: 17446414 DOI: http://jcle.oxfordjournals.org/ Accession Number: 0897114 Alternate Accession Number: EP44543228 Keywords: Antitrust Law K210 Production, Pricing, and Market Structure Size Distribution of Firms L110 Antitrust Issues and Policies: General L400 Chemicals Rubber Drugs Biotechnology L650 Food Beverages Cosmetics Tobacco Wine and Spirits L660 Abstract: European competition laws condemn as 'exploitative abuses' the pricing policies of dominant firms that may result in a direct loss of consumer welfare. Article 82(a) of the EC Treaty, for example, expressly states that imposing 'unfair' prices on consumers by dominant suppliers constitutes an abuse. Several firms have been found to abuse their dominant positions by charging excessive prices in cases brought by the European Commission and the competition authorities of several Member States. Those cases show that the assessment of excessive pricing is subject to substantial conceptual and practical difficulties, and that any policy that seeks to detect and prohibit excessive prices is likely to yield incorrect predictions in numerous instances. In this paper, we evaluate the pros and cons of alternative legal standards towards excessive pricing by explicitly considering the likelihood of false convictions/acquittals and the costs associated with those errors. We find that the legal standard that maximizes long-term consumer welfare, given the information typically available to regulators, would involve no ex post intervention on the pricing decisions of dominant firms. A possible exception to this general rule is discussed. Notes: Keywords: Competition; Firm; Firms; Law; Pricing; Geographic Descriptors: EU; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200704; Copyright: Copyright of Journal of Competition Law & Economics is the property of Oxford University Press / UK and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://jcle.oxfordjournals.org/ Author Address: LECG Europe Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1029 Author: Evans, R.; Thomas, J. P. Year: 1997 Title: Reputation and Experimentation in Repeated Games with Two Long-Run Players Journal: Econometrica Volume: 65 Issue: 5 Pages: 1153-1173 Short Title: Reputation and Experimentation in Repeated Games with Two Long-Run Players ISSN: 00129682 DOI: http://www.econometricsociety.org Accession Number: 0433804 Keywords: Stochastic and Dynamic Games Evolutionary Games Repeated Games C730 Abstract: The authors consider a repeated game between two long-run players, one of whom is relatively patient. Each player has a small amount of uncertainty about the other's strategy. Given a weak assumption about the support of this uncertainty, the more patient player obtains (in any Nash equilibrium) approximately the highest payoff consistent with the individual rationality of the other player, if the latter is patient enough. If the less patient player is relatively impatient, any Nash equilibrium gives the more patient player at least the Stackelberg payoff: this generalizes K. M. Schmidt's (1993) result, which applies only to games of conflicting interests. Notes: Keywords: Games; Repeated Games; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199712 URL: http://www.econometricsociety.org Author Address: U Cambridge U Warwick Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 227 Author: Evans, R.; Thomas, J. P. Year: 2001 Title: Cooperation and Punishment Journal: Econometrica Volume: 69 Issue: 4 Pages: 1061-1075 Short Title: Cooperation and Punishment ISSN: 00129682 DOI: http://www.econometricsociety.org Accession Number: 0578502 Keywords: Stochastic and Dynamic Games Evolutionary Games Repeated Games C730 Abstract: We show that, in repeated common interest games without discounting, strong "perturbation implies efficiency" results require that the perturbations must include strategies that are "draconian" in the sense that they are prepared to punish to the maximum extent possible. Moreover, there is a draconian strategy whose presence in the perturbations guarantees that any equilibrium is efficient. We also argue that the results of Anderlini and Sabourian (1995) using perturbation strategies that are cooperative (and hence nondraconian) are not due to computability per se but to the further restrictions they impose on allowable beliefs. Notes: Keywords: Cooperation; Games; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200109 URL: http://www.econometricsociety.org Author Address: U Cambridge U St Andrews Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 791 Author: Falk, A.; Fischbacher, U.; Gaechter, S. Year: 2003 Title of Work: Living in Two Neighborhoods--Social Interactions in the LAB Institution: CESifo GmbH, CESifo Working Paper Series: CESifo Working Paper No. 954 Short Title: Living in Two Neighborhoods--Social Interactions in the LAB DOI: http://www.cesifo.de/DocCIDL/954.pdf Keywords: Design of Experiments: Laboratory, Individual C910 Tax Evasion H260 Public Goods H410 Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law K420 Abstract: Field evidence suggests that agents belonging to the same group tend to behave similarly, i.e., behavior exhibits social interaction effects. Testing for such effects raises severe identification problems. We conduct an experiment that avoids these problems. The main design feature is that each subject simultaneously is a member of two randomly assigned and economically identical groups where only members ('neighbors') are different. In both groups subjects make contribution decisions to a public good. We speak of social interactions if the same subject at the same time makes group-specific contributions that depend on their respective neighbors' contribution. Our results are unambiguous evidence for social interactions. A majority of subjects is very strongly influenced by the contributions of their respective neighbors. Roughly ten percent exhibit no social interactions. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0906446; Keywords: social interactions, identification, experiments; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200706 URL: http://www.cesifo.de/DocCIDL/954.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1244 Author: Falvey, R. E. Year: 1995 Title: The Composition of Trade within Import-Restricted Product Categories Editor: J. P. Neary Book Title: International trade. Volume 1. Welfare and trade policy Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 59. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Elgar Pages: 395-404 Short Title: The Composition of Trade within Import-Restricted Product Categories Reprint Edition: [1979] Keywords: Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 Notes: Accession Number: 0449526; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-361-3; Keywords: Import Restricted; Import; Trade; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Record Number: 174 Author: Fan, Q.; Nolan, P. e. Year: 1994 Title: China's economic reforms: The costs and benefits of incrementalism Publisher: Studies on the Chinese Economy. New York: St. Martin's Press; London: Macmillan Press Number of Pages: xiv Short Title: China's economic reforms: The costs and benefits of incrementalism Keywords: Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: General P200 Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: General P300 Abstract: Ten papers examine issues in all the major spheres of Chinese economic life, providing insight into the Chinese reform process. Adrian Wood presents a brief description of China's economic system. Guobo Huang focuses on problems of monetary control in China. Icksoo Kim explores the political economy of investment control in post-1978 China. Minquan Liu discusses commune, the responsibility system, and China's agriculture. Qimiao Fan addresses state-owned enterprise reform in China. Lizuo Jin assesses the effects of financial decentralization on industrial growth in China, 1952-88. Dong He examines lessons from the West for stock market development in China. Stephen Pudney and Wang Limin explore rationing and consumer demand in China. Stephen Howes and Peter Lanjouw focus on regional variations in living standards in urban China. Peter Nolan and John Sender discuss death rates, life expectancy, and China's economic reforms. Fan is with the World Bank. Nolan is at the University of Cambridge. Index. Notes: Accession Number: 0324530; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-312-10073-6; Keywords: Economic Systems; Publication Type: Book; Update Code: 199406 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 51 Author: Farrell, L.; Morgenroth, E.; Walker, I. Year: 1999 Title: A Time Series Analysis of U.K. Lottery Sales: Long and Short Run Price Elasticities Journal: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics Volume: 61 Issue: 4 Pages: 513-526 Short Title: A Time Series Analysis of U.K. Lottery Sales: Long and Short Run Price Elasticities ISSN: 03059049 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0305-9049 Accession Number: 0512255 Alternate Accession Number: EP2695452 Keywords: Sports Gambling Recreation Tourism L830 Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenues: Other Sources of Revenue H270 Abstract: This paper estimates the long- and short-run elasticities for Lotto. It is particularly concerned with the dynamic response to price variations since, for some goods, this has sometimes been used to infer the presence of addiction. The price elasticity is identified through variation in the expected value of a Lotto ticket induced by rollovers whose high frequency results in surprisingly high variation in the expected value of holding a ticket. Unit root tests are applied to the series in order to identify their time series properties and to avoid a spurious regression problem. The series are found to be stationary. We apply instrumental variables to account for the endogeneity which arises due to correlation between the expected value and the dependent sales variable. The estimated long-run elasticity exceeds the short-run elasticity and this supports the hypothesis that there is an element of addictive behaviour in sales. The Lottery is regulated and the regulator's objective is to maximize sales. Our estimated long-run price elasticity of demand is inconsistent with revenue maximization and we find that greater revenue for the "good causes" could be raised from the game if a smaller proportion of sales revenue were allocated to them. Notes: Keywords: Lottery; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200004; Copyright: Copyright of Oxford Bulletin of Economics & Statistics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0305-9049 Author Address: U Manchester ESRI, Dublin U Warwick Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 746 Author: Farrell, L.; Walker, I. Year: 1997 Title of Work: It could be you! But what's it worth? The welfare gain from Lotto Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W97/04 Short Title: It could be you! But what's it worth? The welfare gain from Lotto Abstract: This research is concerned with the demand for lottery tickets and uses data for the UK National Lottery that records the behaviour, incomes and characteristics of almost 10,000 individuals. Some of the data relates to people surveyed during a "double rollover" - the jackpot had been enhanced by adding the jackpots from the previous two weeks which had not been won. This allows us to estimate how the demand for lottery tickets varies with the rate of return since this return is higher in rollover draws. It is noticeable that richer people appear to be more likely to play in rollover weeks and we need to control for income in order to obtain unbiased estimates of the price elasticity. We find that the demand for the UL National Lottery is quite sensitive to changes in the financial rate of return arising from rollovers: a typical rollover increases the rate of return by about 10% and generates an additional 16% in sales. The income effect is negative - a lottery ticket is an example of an "inferior" good where the rich buy less than the poor: an 10% increase in income generates a fall in demand of 1.2%. But, to offset this negative income effect we find that some characteristics associated with high income (e.g. being middle aged) are positively correlated with lottery demand. We use the estimates to compute the welfare gain from the introduction of the lottery. The idea behind this is that participation in the lottery is voluntary, so only those who feel that it is beneficial to buy tickets will buy them. The implication of this is that, although consumers are, on average, ex post financially worse off after buying lottery tickets (since they are an extremely poor investment with a return that is usually approximately -55% per week) they feel better off ex ante when they buy them because of the pleasure associated with doing so. We do not know what these pleasures are but can presume that they exist from the fact that people buy this commodity with such a poor financial return. Our estimates imply that the pleasure is worth an average of 71p per draw per adult: which works out as $1.8 billion per annum - this is about what a 1p reduction in the income tax rate would be worth on average. Moreover, the gain is largest for those that spend the most - although the gain from successive tickets falls. Thus, the biggest spenders, which are the middle income group, gain most. However, this arises because the data confounds the lifecycle effect and the income effect: our estimates imply that those with the highest income over their lifetime will buy fewest tickets over their lifetime. Thus, the largest lifetime gains will be to those with lowest permanent incomes Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0772168; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200505 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies and University of Warwick Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1441 Author: Farrell, L.; Walker, I. Year: 1999 Title: The Welfare Effects of Lotto: Evidence from the UK Journal: Journal of Public Economics Volume: 72 Issue: 1 Pages: 99-120 Short Title: The Welfare Effects of Lotto: Evidence from the UK ISSN: 00472727 DOI: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Accession Number: 0491317 Keywords: Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis D120 Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Household H310 Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenues: Other Sources of Revenue H270 Abstract: This paper estimates the demand for lottery tickets using pooled cross-section data that contain individual incomes and extensive information about characteristics. One of the cross sections corresponded to a draw that was a 'double rollover'--the jackpot was enhanced by adding the two previous draws' jackpots that had not been won. Together, these datasets provide sufficient observations facing different 'prices' to allow the authors to estimate the 'price' elasticity as well as the income elasticity of demand. They estimate Tobit and other specifications and use the estimates to evaluate the welfare effects arising from the introduction of the lottery. Notes: Keywords: Elasticity; Individual; Lottery; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199906 URL: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578/ Author Address: Keele U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 747 Author: Farrell, L.; Walker, I. Year: 2000 Title of Work: It could be you! But what's it worth? The welfare gain from Lotto Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers Short Title: It could be you! But what's it worth? The welfare gain from Lotto Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709579; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1178 Author: Feenstra, R. C.; Judd, K. L. Year: 1995 Title: Tariffs, Technology Transfer, and Welfare Editor: J. P. Neary Book Title: International trade. Volume 2. Production structure, trade and growth Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 59. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Elgar Pages: 566-589 Short Title: Tariffs, Technology Transfer, and Welfare Reprint Edition: [1982] Keywords: Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General H200 Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 Technological Change: Choices and Consequences Diffusion Processes O330 Notes: Accession Number: 0449575; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-361-3; Keywords: Tariff; Technology; Welfare; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 228 Author: Fehr, E.; Gaechter, S. Year: 1999 Title of Work: Cooperation and Punishment in Public Goods Experiments Institution: CESifo GmbH, CESifo Working Paper Series: CESifo Working Paper No. 183 Short Title: Cooperation and Punishment in Public Goods Experiments DOI: http://www.cesifo.de/DocCIDL/WP183.PDF Keywords: Design of Experiments: Laboratory, Individual C910 Design of Experiments: Laboratory, Group Behavior C920 Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement D630 Altruism D640 Public Goods H410 Abstract: This paper provides evidence that free riders are heavily punished even if punishment is costly and does not provide any material benefits for the punisher. The more free riders negatively deviate from the group standard the more they are punished. As a consequence, the existence of an opportunity for costly punishment causes a large increase in cooperation levels because potential free riders face a credible threat. We show, in particular, that in the presence of a costly punishment opportunity almost complete cooperation can be achieved and maintained although, under the standard assumptions of rationality and selfishness, there should be no cooperation at all. We also show that free riding causes strong negative emotions among cooperators. The intensity of these emotions is the stronger the more the free riders deviate from the group standard. Our results provide, therefore, support for the hypothesis that emotions are guarantors of credible threats. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0907213; Keywords: Voluntary cooperation, public good, punishment, emotions, social norms, experiments; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200706 URL: http://www.cesifo.de/DocCIDL/WP183.PDF Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 480 Author: Fehr, E.; Gaechter, S. Year: 2000 Title of Work: Fairness and Retaliation: The Economics of Reciprocity Institution: CESifo GmbH, CESifo Working Paper Series: CESifo Working Paper No. 336 Short Title: Fairness and Retaliation: The Economics of Reciprocity DOI: http://www.cesifo.de/DocCIDL/cesifo_wp336.pdf Abstract: This paper shows that reciprocity has powerful implications for many economic domains. It is an important determinant in the enforcement of contracts and social norms and enhances the possibilities of collective action greatly. Reciprocity may render the provision of explicit incentive inefficient because the incentives may crowd out voluntary co-operation. It strongly limits the effects to competition in markets with incomplete contracts and gives rise to noncompetitive wage differences. Finally, reciprocity it is also a strong force contributing to the existence of incomplete contracts. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0907061; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200706 URL: http://www.cesifo.de/DocCIDL/cesifo_wp336.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1082 Author: Fernandez, F. J.; Harvey, A. C. Year: 1990 Title: Seemingly Unrelated Time Series Equations and a Test for Homogeneity Journal: Journal of Business and Economic Statistics Volume: 8 Issue: 1 Pages: 71-81 Short Title: Seemingly Unrelated Time Series Equations and a Test for Homogeneity ISSN: 07350015 DOI: http://www.amstat.org/publications/jbes/ Accession Number: 0231408 Keywords: Time Series and Spectral Analysis 2116 Abstract: A multivariate structural time series model made up of unobserved components such as trends and seasonals is formulated. A homogeneous system, in which any linear combination of the observations follows the same time series process, is shown to correspond to a multivariate structural model in which the covariance matrices of the disturbances are proportional. A homogeneous model is considerably easier to estimate than the more general model and a score test of homogeneity can be constructed in the frequency domain. The finite-sample properties of this test are evaluated in a series of Monte Carlo experiments. Finally, a test of serial correlation for use in homogeneous systems is described. Notes: Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199009 URL: http://www.amstat.org/publications/jbes/ Author Address: U Basque Country London School of Econ Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1039 Author: Fernandez, R. B. Year: 2005 Title: Returning from the Brink: Turkey's Efforts at Systemic Change and Structural Reform: Comment Editor: T. Besley and R. Zagha Book Title: Development Challenges in the 1990s: Leading Policymakers Speak from Experience Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 103-107 Short Title: Returning from the Brink: Turkey's Efforts at Systemic Change and Structural Reform: Comment Keywords: Current Account Adjustment Short-term Capital Movements F320 International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions F330 International Lending and Debt Problems F340 Economic Development: Human Resources Human Development Income Distribution Migration O150 Formal and Informal Sectors Shadow Economy Institutional Arrangements O170 International Linkages to Development Role of International Organizations O190 Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development O230 Notes: Accession Number: 0835729; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8213-5872-3; ; Geographic Descriptors: Turkey; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200605 Author Address: CEMA, Argentina Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 379 Author: Fersterer, J.; Winter-Ebmer, R. Year: 2001 Title: Education and Earnings in Europe: Austria Editor: C. Harmon, I. Walker and N. Westergaard-Nielsen Book Title: Education and earnings in Europe: A cross country analysis of the returns to education Publisher: Cheltenham, U.K. and Northampton, Mass.: Elgar; distributed by American International Distribution Corporation, Williston, Vt. Pages: 38-53 Short Title: Education and Earnings in Europe: Austria Keywords: Analysis of Education I210 Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity J240 Education: Government Policy I280 Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Notes: Accession Number: 0651196; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-84064-530-X; Keywords: Earnings; Education; Geographic Descriptors: Austria; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200307 Author Address: U Linz Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1438 Author: Ffrench-Davis, R. Year: 2005 Title: The Washington Consensus as Policy Prescription for Development: Comment Editor: T. Besley and R. Zagha Book Title: Development Challenges in the 1990s: Leading Policymakers Speak from Experience Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 57-60 Short Title: The Washington Consensus as Policy Prescription for Development: Comment Keywords: Current Account Adjustment Short-term Capital Movements F320 Foreign Aid F350 International Agreements and Observance International Organizations F530 Economic Development: General O100 Measurement of Economic Growth Aggregate Productivity Cross-Country Output Convergence O470 Notes: Accession Number: 0835724; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8213-5872-3; Keywords: Development; Washington Consensus; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200605 Author Address: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 715 Author: Findlay, R. Year: 1993 Title: International Trade and Factor Mobility with an Endogenous Land Frontier: Some General Equilibrium Implications of Christopher Columbus Editor: W. J. Ethier, E. Helpman and J. P. Neary Book Title: Theory, policy and dynamics in international trade: Essays in honor of Ronald W. Jones Publisher: Cambridge; New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press Pages: 38-54 Short Title: International Trade and Factor Mobility with an Endogenous Land Frontier: Some General Equilibrium Implications of Christopher Columbus Keywords: Neoclassical Models of Trade F110 Notes: Accession Number: 0406597; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-521-43442-4; Keywords: International Trade; Trade; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Festschrift: Jones, Ronald W.; Update Code: 199704 Author Address: Columbia U Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1419 Author: Findlay, R. Year: 1995 Title: The Terms of Trade and Equilibrium Growth in the World Economy Editor: J. P. Neary Book Title: International trade. Volume 2. Production structure, trade and growth Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 59. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Elgar Pages: 557-565 Short Title: The Terms of Trade and Equilibrium Growth in the World Economy Reprint Edition: [1980] Keywords: Neoclassical Models of Trade F110 Economic Growth of Open Economies F430 Notes: Accession Number: 0449574; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-361-3; Keywords: Growth; Terms of Trade; Trade; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 422 Author: Findlay, R.; Wellisz, S. Year: 1995 Title: Endogenous Tariffs, the Political Economy of Trade Restrictions, and Welfare Editor: J. P. Neary Book Title: International trade. Volume 1. Welfare and trade policy Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 59. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Elgar Pages: 465-476 Short Title: Endogenous Tariffs, the Political Economy of Trade Restrictions, and Welfare Reprint Edition: [1982] Keywords: Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Notes: Accession Number: 0449531; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-361-3; Keywords: Political; Tariff; Trade; Welfare; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199805 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1116 Author: Fischbacher, U.; Gaechter, S. Year: 2008 Title of Work: Social Preferences, Beliefs, and the Dynamics of Free Riding in Public Good Experiments Institution: CESifo GmbH, CESifo Working Paper Series: CESifo Working Paper No. 2491 Short Title: Social Preferences, Beliefs, and the Dynamics of Free Riding in Public Good Experiments DOI: http://www.cesifo.de/DocCIDL/cesifo1_wp2491.pdf Keywords: Noncooperative Games C720 Design of Experiments: Laboratory, Individual C910 Altruism D640 Public Goods H410 Abstract: We provide a test of the role of social preferences and beliefs in voluntary cooperation and its decline. We elicit individuals' cooperation preferences in one experiment and use them--as well as subjects' elicited beliefs--to explain contributions to a public good played repeatedly. We find substantial heterogeneity in people's preferences. With simulation methods based on this data, we show that the decline of cooperation can be driven by the fact that most people have a preference to contribute less than others, rather than by their changing beliefs of others' contribution over time. Universal free riding is very likely despite the fact that most people are not selfish. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1013704; Keywords: public goods experiments, social preferences, conditional cooperation, free riding; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200902 URL: http://www.cesifo.de/DocCIDL/cesifo1_wp2491.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1011 Author: Fischer, S. Year: 2005 Title: Reflections and Lessons from a Decade of Social Reforms in Brazil: Comment Editor: T. Besley and R. Zagha Book Title: Development Challenges in the 1990s: Leading Policymakers Speak from Experience Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 127-130 Short Title: Reflections and Lessons from a Decade of Social Reforms in Brazil: Comment Keywords: National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General H500 Welfare and Poverty: Government Programs Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs I380 Economic Development: Human Resources Human Development Income Distribution Migration O150 Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development O230 Notes: Accession Number: 0835733; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8213-5872-3; ; Geographic Descriptors: Brazil; Geographic Region: Latin America and the Caribbean; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200605 Author Address: Citigroup Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 834 Author: Fisher, K. Year: 2009 Title: Observations on Andrew Harvey's Legacy to the Time Use Community Journal: electronic International Journal of Time Use Research Volume: 6 Issue: 2 Pages: V-vii Short Title: Observations on Andrew Harvey's Legacy to the Time Use Community ISSN: 18609937 DOI: http://www.eijtur.org/content.php Accession Number: 1151173 Keywords: History of Economic Thought: Individuals B310 Notes: Named Person: Harvey, Andrew S.; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201102 URL: http://www.eijtur.org/content.php Author Address: U Oxford Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 468 Author: Fitzsimons, E.; Hogan, V.; Neary, J. P. Year: 1999 Title: Explaining the Volume of North-South Trade in Ireland: A Gravity Model Approach Journal: Economic and Social Review Volume: 30 Issue: 4 Pages: 381-401 Short Title: Explaining the Volume of North-South Trade in Ireland: A Gravity Model Approach ISSN: 00129984 DOI: http://www.esr.ie Accession Number: 0526307 Keywords: Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity R120 Country and Industry Studies of Trade F140 Abstract: We address the question of whether the volume of manufacturing trade between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland is more or less than might be expected in the light of international experience. We estimate a gravity equation for bilateral manufacturing trade between 28 developed countries from 1970 to 1992. Using the results as benchmark, we find that North-South trade in Ireland is greater rather than less than might be expected. The finding is robust with respect to a wide range of alternative specifications and alternative ways of measuring the key variables. Notes: Keywords: Trade; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Ireland; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200006 URL: http://www.esr.ie Author Address: U College Dublin Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 127 Author: Flemming, J. S. Year: 1986 Title: Booming Sectors and Structural Change in Australia and Britain: A Comparison: Comment Editor: J. P. Neary and S. van Wijnbergen Book Title: Natural resources and the macroeconomy Publisher: Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; Oxford: Blackwell Pages: 284-287 Short Title: Booming Sectors and Structural Change in Australia and Britain: A Comparison: Comment Keywords: Economic Studies of Developed Countries--Comparative Country Studies 1221 Productivity and Growth: Theory and Data 2260 Energy 7230 Natural Resources--General 7210 Notes: Accession Number: 0022591; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Australia; Geographic Region: Europe; Oceania; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199006 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 126 Author: Forsyth, P. J. Year: 1986 Title: Booming Sectors and Structural Change in Australia and Britain: A Comparison Editor: J. P. Neary and S. van Wijnbergen Book Title: Natural resources and the macroeconomy Publisher: Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; Oxford: Blackwell Pages: 251-284 Short Title: Booming Sectors and Structural Change in Australia and Britain: A Comparison Keywords: Economic Studies of Developed Countries--Comparative Country Studies 1221 Productivity and Growth: Theory and Data 2260 Energy 7230 Natural Resources--General 7210 Notes: Accession Number: 0022590; Geographic Descriptors: Australia; U.K.; Geographic Region: Oceania; Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199006 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 775 Author: Foxley, A. Year: 2005 Title: Lessons from Chile's Development in the 1990s Editor: T. Besley and R. Zagha Book Title: Development Challenges in the 1990s: Leading Policymakers Speak from Experience Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 133-153 Short Title: Lessons from Chile's Development in the 1990s Keywords: Current Account Adjustment Short-term Capital Movements F320 Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O110 International Linkages to Development Role of International Organizations O190 Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development O230 Measurement of Economic Growth Aggregate Productivity Cross-Country Output Convergence O470 Notes: Accession Number: 0835734; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8213-5872-3; Keywords: Development; Geographic Descriptors: Chile; Geographic Region: Latin America and the Caribbean; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200605 Author Address: Government of Chile Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1161 Author: Freeman, H.; Griffith, R. Year: 1993 Title: Surplus ACT--A Solution in Sight Journal: Fiscal Studies Volume: 14 Issue: 4 Pages: 58-73 Short Title: Surplus ACT--A Solution in Sight ISSN: 01435671 DOI: http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0143-5671 Accession Number: 0326125 Keywords: Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Notes: Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199409 URL: http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0143-5671 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1259 Author: Frijns, J. M. G. Year: 1986 Title: The Dutch Disease in the Netherlands: Comment Editor: J. P. Neary and S. van Wijnbergen Book Title: Natural resources and the macroeconomy Publisher: Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; Oxford: Blackwell Pages: 136-141 Short Title: The Dutch Disease in the Netherlands: Comment Keywords: Economic Studies of Developed Countries--European Countries 1223 Energy 7230 Open Economy Macroeconomic Studies--Balance of Payments and Adjustment Mechanisms 4313 Theory of International Trade 4112 Notes: Accession Number: 0022581; Geographic Descriptors: Netherlands; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199006 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1417 Author: Fry, V.; Stark, G. Year: 1989 Title: The Take-Up of Supplementary Benefit: Gaps in the 'Safety Net'? Editor: A. Dilnot and I. Walker Book Title: The economics of social security Publisher: Oxford; New York; Toronto and Melbourne: Oxford University Press Pages: 179-191 Short Title: The Take-Up of Supplementary Benefit: Gaps in the 'Safety Net'? Keywords: General Welfare Programs 9110 Unemployment Insurance 8224 Notes: Accession Number: 0256155; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199203 Author Address: U Essex and Institute for Fiscal Studies Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1529 Author: Fu, G.; et al. Year: 1993 Title: Unemployment in Urban China: An Analysis of Survey Data from Shanghai Journal: Labour Volume: 7 Issue: 1 Pages: 93-123 Date: Spring Short Title: Unemployment in Urban China: An Analysis of Survey Data from Shanghai ISSN: 11217081 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1121-7081 Accession Number: 0295485 Keywords: Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search J640 Abstract: We analyze the unemployment problem in the largest Chinese city, Shanghai, based on a survey of the unemployed conducted in late 1989. We find, as expected, that unemployment is particularly serious among school-leavers and contract and temporary workers, but also find a surprisingly high incidence of unemployment amongst permanent state employees and relatively long unemployment durations. The Shanghai unemployed rely heavily on occasional work for support, and only a small proportion receive state benefits. We identify problems of interpretation stemming from the stock-sampling nature of the survey, and use non-parametric methods to reveal an underlying strong downward movement in individual reemployment probabilities. Coauthors are Athar Hussain, Stephen Pudney, and Limin Wang. Notes: Keywords: Unemployment Duration; Unemployment; Geographic Descriptors: China; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199312 URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1121-7081 Author Address: London School of Econ Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1033 Author: Gaechter, S.; Falk, A. Year: 2001 Title of Work: Reputation or Reciprocity? An Experimental Investigation Institution: CESifo GmbH, CESifo Working Paper Series: CESifo Working Paper No. 496 Short Title: Reputation or Reciprocity? An Experimental Investigation DOI: http://www.cesifo.de/DocCIDL/cesifo_wp496.PDF Keywords: Design of Experiments: Laboratory, Individual C910 Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General J300 Abstract: Recent evidence highlights the importance of social norms in many economic relations. However, many of these relationships are long-term and provide repeated game incentives for performance. We experimentally investigate interaction effects of reciprocity and repeated game incentives in two treatments (one-shot and repeated) of a gift-exchange game. In both treatments we observe reciprocity, which is strengthened in the repeated game. A detailed analysis shows that in the repeated game some subjects imitate reciprocity. Thus, reciprocity and repeated game incentives reinforce each other. Observed behaviour is robust against experience. We conclude that a long-term interaction is a "reciprocity-compatible" contract enforcement device. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0906902; Keywords: Reciprocity, reputation, repeated games, incomplete contracts; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200706 URL: http://www.cesifo.de/DocCIDL/cesifo_wp496.PDF Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 254 Author: Gaechter, S.; Herrmann, B.; Thoni, C. Year: 2010 Title of Work: Culture and Cooperation Institution: CESifo Group Munich, CESifo Working Paper Series: CESifo Working Paper No. 3070 Short Title: Culture and Cooperation DOI: http://www.cesifo.de/DocCIDL/cesifo1_wp3070.pdf Keywords: Design of Experiments: Laboratory, Group Behavior C920 Altruism D640 Analysis of Collective Decision-Making: Other D790 Public Goods H410 Cultural Economics Economic Sociology Economic Anthropology: General Z100 Economic Sociology Economic Anthropology Social and Economic Stratification Z130 Abstract: Does the cultural background influence the success with which genetically unrelated individuals cooperate in social dilemma situations? In this paper we provide an answer by analyzing the data of Herrmann et al. (Science 2008, pp. 1362-1367), who study cooperation and punishment in sixteen subject pools from six different world cultures (as classified by Inglehart & Baker (American Sociological Review 2000, pp. 19-51)). We use analysis of variance to disentangle the importance of cultural background relative to individual heterogeneity and group-level differences in cooperation. We find that culture has a substantial influence on the extent of cooperation, in addition to individual heterogeneity and group-level differences identified by previous research. The significance of this result is that cultural background has a substantial influence on cooperation in otherwise identical environments. This is particularly true in the presence of punishment opportunities. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1115303; Keywords: human cooperation, punishment, culture, experimental public good games; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 201007 URL: http://www.cesifo.de/DocCIDL/cesifo1_wp3070.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1087 Author: Gaechter, S.; Nosenzo, D.; Renner, E.; Sefton, M. Year: 2009 Title of Work: Sequential versus Simultaneous Contributions to Public Goods: Experimental Evidence Institution: CESifo GmbH, CESifo Working Paper Series: CESifo Working Paper No. 2602 Short Title: Sequential versus Simultaneous Contributions to Public Goods: Experimental Evidence DOI: http://www.cesifo.de/DocCIDL/cesifo1_wp2602.pdf Keywords: Design of Experiments: Laboratory, Group Behavior C920 Public Goods H410 Abstract: We report an experiment comparing sequential and simultaneous contributions to a public good in a quasi-linear two-person setting (Varian, Journal of Public Economics, 1994). Our findings support the theoretical argument that sequential contributions result in lower overall provision than simultaneous contributions. However, the distribution of contributions is not as predicted: late contributors are sometimes willing to punish early low contributors by contributing less than their best response. This induces early contributors to contribute more than they otherwise would. A consequence of this is that we fail to observe a predicted first mover advantage. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1029274; Keywords: public goods, voluntary contributions, sequential moves, experiment; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200905 URL: http://www.cesifo.de/DocCIDL/cesifo1_wp2602.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1067 Author: Gaidar, Y. Year: 2005 Title: Russia's Transition Experience Editor: T. Besley and R. Zagha Book Title: Development Challenges in the 1990s: Leading Policymakers Speak from Experience Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 63-69 Short Title: Russia's Transition Experience Keywords: Business Fluctuations Cycles E320 Measurement of Economic Growth Aggregate Productivity Cross-Country Output Convergence O470 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Planning, Coordination, and Reform P210 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: National Income, Product, and Expenditure Money Inflation P240 Notes: Accession Number: 0835725; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8213-5872-3; ; Geographic Descriptors: Russian Federation; Geographic Region: Europe; Asia; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200605 Author Address: Institute for the Economy in Transition, Russia Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1045 Author: Galbraith, J. K.; Weale, A.; Silberston, A.; Tylecote, A.; Waterson, M.; Deakin, B. M.; Disney, R.; McGregor, A.; McAuley, A.; Mainwaring, L.; Sawyer, M. C.; Kregel, J. A.; Heald, D.; Walker, I.; Rosenthal, L.; Brown, C. V.; Evans, A. W.; Holden, K.; Rees, H.; O'Brien, R. J. Year: 1988 Title: REVIEWS Volume: 98 Issue: 392 Pages: 851-904 Short Title: REVIEWS ISSN: 00130133 Accession Number: EP4531496 Partial authors List Notes: ; Publication Type: Book Review; Copyright: Copyright of Economic Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. Author Address: Harvard University University of East Anglia Imperial College of Science and Technology, London University of Sheffield University of Sydney University of Reading University of Cambridge University of Kent at Canterbury University of Glasgow University of Essex University College of Swansea University of York The Johns Hopkins University, Bologna Center, Italy Manchester University University of Keele University of Stirling University of Liverpool University of Bristol University of Southampton Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1191 Author: Gammie, M. Year: 2008 Title: Tax Simplification Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, D. Miles and J. Shaw Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2008 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Pages: 260-267 Short Title: Tax Simplification Keywords: Fiscal Policy E620 Notes: Accession Number: 1018236; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-52-1; Keywords: Tax; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200902 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1194 Author: Gammie, M.; Griffith, R.; Miller, H. Year: 2008 Title: Taxation of Companies' Foreign Profits Editor: R. Chote, C. Emmerson, D. Miles and J. Shaw Book Title: The IFS Green Budget: January 2008 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies Pages: 246-259 Short Title: Taxation of Companies' Foreign Profits Keywords: Fiscal Policy E620 Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 International Fiscal Issues International Public Goods H870 Notes: Accession Number: 1018235; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-903274-52-1; Keywords: Taxation; Geographic Descriptors: U.K.; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200902 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 63 Author: Gelb, A. H. Year: 1986 Title: Adjustment to Windfall Gains: A Comparative Analysis of Oil-Exporting Countries Editor: J. P. Neary and S. van Wijnbergen Book Title: Natural resources and the macroeconomy Publisher: Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; Oxford: Blackwell Pages: 54-93 Short Title: Adjustment to Windfall Gains: A Comparative Analysis of Oil-Exporting Countries Keywords: Energy 7230 Economic Studies of Developing Countries--Comparative Country Studies 1211 Open Economy Macroeconomic Studies--Balance of Payments and Adjustment Mechanisms 4313 Notes: Accession Number: 0022578; Geographic Descriptors: OPEC; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199006 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8 Author: Genser, B. Year: 1996 Title: A Generalized Equivalence Property of Mixed International VAT Regimes Journal: Scandinavian Journal of Economics Volume: 98 Issue: 2 Pages: 253-262 Short Title: A Generalized Equivalence Property of Mixed International VAT Regimes ISSN: 03470520 DOI: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0347-0520 Accession Number: 0390770 Alternate Accession Number: EP5917471 Keywords: International Fiscal Issues International Public Goods H870 Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Abstract: It is shown that the equivalence of a global destination-based and a global origin-based VAT regime can be extended to a class of mixed regimes, where the origin principle is applied for all trade within the European Union and a destination-based, EU-specific border tax adjustment is applied for EU trade with the rest of the world. Such a 'unified restricted origin regime' is superior to the nonreciprocal restricted origin regime proposed by Ben Lockwood, David de Meza and Gareth Myles (1994) since it is the more general VAT regime and offers a higher probability of political acceptance than the latter regime. Notes: Keywords: Tax; VAT; Geographic Descriptors: EEC; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199609; Copyright: Copyright of Scandinavian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0347-0520 Author Address: U Konstanz Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1066 Author: Geradin, D.; Layne-Farrar, A.; Padilla, A. J. Year: 2007 Title of Work: Royalty Stacking in High Tech Industries: Separating Myth from Reality Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 6091 Short Title: Royalty Stacking in High Tech Industries: Separating Myth from Reality DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP6091.asp Keywords: Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets L130 Telecommunications L960 Intellectual Property Rights O340 Abstract: A few recent contributions have claimed that in high-tech industries--where innovation is often cumulative and products include many components which are protected by patents in the hands of many different patent holders--the cost of obtaining all necessary licenses is too high. Some have even requested sweeping policy reforms to deal with the so-called royalty stacking problem. In this Essay we find that the empirical evidence--including new evidence for the 3G telecom industry--does not corroborate the gloomy predictions of the proponents of the royalty stacking hypothesis. A careful look at the theoretical underpinnings of this hypothesis explains the lack of empirical support. First, three necessary conditions must be satisfied for a royalty stacking problem to exist: (a) innovation must be cumulative, so that the patents are complementary; (b) there must be many patents for a given product; and (c) the many patents must be held by numerous, distinct rights holders. Second, royalty stacking may not be a problem even if the three necessary conditions are met; i.e., the three necessary conditions are not sufficient. And, third, several market mechanisms, such as cross licensing or voluntary patent pools, can be used to mitigate the costs of multiple concurrent patent negotiations. We conclude that the so-called royalty stacking problem is more myth than reality and that there is no reason to adopt the dramatic reforms in antitrust and patent law that have been recently proposed by, inter alia, Lemley and Shapiro (2006). Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0890484; Keywords: excessive royalties; hold up; innovation; mobile telecommunications; patent licensing; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200703 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP6091.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1289 Author: Geradin, D.; Layne-Farrar, A.; Padilla, A. J. Year: 2007 Title of Work: The Ex Ante Auction Model for the Control of Market Power in Standard Setting Organizations Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 6304 Short Title: The Ex Ante Auction Model for the Control of Market Power in Standard Setting Organizations DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP6304.asp Keywords: Antitrust Law K210 Contracting Out Joint Ventures Technology Licensing L240 Abstract: RAND commitments - i.e., promises to license on reasonable and non-discriminatory terms - play a key role in standard setting processes. However, the usefulness of those commitments has recently been questioned. The problem allegedly lies in the absence of a generally agreed test to determine whether a particular license satisfies a RAND commitment. Swanson and Baumol have suggested that "the concept of a 'reasonable' royalty for purposes of RAND licensing must be defined and implemented by reference to ex ante competition." In their opinion, a royalty should be deemed 'reasonable' when it approximates the outcome of an ex ante auction process where IP owners submit RAND commitments coupled with licensing terms and selection to the standard is based on both technological merit and licensing terms. In this paper we investigate whether the ex ante auction approach proposed by Swanson and Baumol is likely to deliver efficient outcomes, both from static and dynamic standpoints. We find that given the peculiar characteristics of some of the industries where standardization takes place, in particular the many different business models adopted by innovating companies in those industries, the ex ante auction approach proposed by Swanson and Baumol may not always deliver the right outcomes from a social welfare viewpoint. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0920841; Keywords: auctions; fairness; licensing; standard setting; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200707 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP6304.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 202 Author: Geradin, D.; Layne-Farrar, A.; Padilla, A. J. Year: 2008 Title: Competing Away Market Power? An Economic Assessment of Ex Ante Auctions in Standard Setting Journal: European Competition Journal Volume: 4 Issue: 2 Pages: 443-462 Short Title: Competing Away Market Power? An Economic Assessment of Ex Ante Auctions in Standard Setting ISSN: 17441056 DOI: http://www.hartjournals.co.uk/ecj/ Accession Number: 1015708 Keywords: Auctions D440 Rationing Licensing D450 Production, Pricing, and Market Structure Size Distribution of Firms L110 Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets L130 Abstract: Participants whose patented technologies are included in standards. Promises to license on reasonable and non-discriminatory (RAND) terms play a key role in mitigating any such market power, but the usefulness of those commitments has recently been questioned. The problem allegedly lies in the absence of a generally agreed test to determine whether a particular license satisfies a RAND commitment. Swanson and Baumol (2005) have suggested that "the concept of a 'reasonable' royalty for purposes of RAND licensing must be defined and implemented by reference to ex ante competition." In their opinion, a royalty should be deemed "reasonable" when it approximates the outcome of an ex ante auction process where IP owners submit RAND commitments coupled with licensing terms and selection to the standard is based on both technological merit and licensing cost. This test has recently been adopted by the Federal Trade Commission in Rambus. In this paper we investigate whether an ex ante auction approach is likely to deliver efficient outcomes, both from static and dynamic standpoints. Applying lessons from the economics literature on auctions, we find that due to several forms of asymmetry characteristic of the industries where standardization takes place the ex ante auction approach is not likely to deliver the right outcomes from a social welfare viewpoint. Notes: Keywords: Auction; Competition; License; Licensing; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200902 URL: http://www.hartjournals.co.uk/ecj/ Author Address: Howrey LLP and TILEC, Tilburg U LECG Consulting Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 629 Author: Geroski, P.; Griffith, R. Year: 2003 Title of Work: Identifying anti-trust markets Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W03/01 Pages: 17 pages Short Title: Identifying anti-trust markets DOI: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp00301.pdf Keywords: Multinational Firms International Business F230 Technological Change: Choices and Consequences Diffusion Processes O330 Measurement of Economic Growth Aggregate Productivity Cross-Country Output Convergence O470 Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709449; Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), knowledge spillovers, competition.; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp00301.pdf Author Address: London Business School and Competition Commission Institute for Fiscal Studies and University College London Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 628 Author: Geroski, P.; Griffith, R. Year: 2004 Title: Identifying Antitrust Markets Editor: M. Neumann and J. Weigand Book Title: The international handbook of competition Publisher: Cheltenham, U.K. and Northampton, Mass.: Elgar Pages: 290-305 Short Title: Identifying Antitrust Markets Keywords: Antitrust Law K210 Production, Pricing, and Market Structure Size Distribution of Firms L110 Antitrust Issues and Policies: General L400 Notes: Accession Number: 0817330; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-84376-054-1; ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200602 Author Address: Competition Commission London London Business School Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1286 Author: Geweke, J.; Porter-Hudak, S. Year: 1994 Title: The Estimation and Application of Long Memory Time Series Models Editor: A. Harvey Book Title: Time series. Volume 1. Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Econometrics, vol. 5. Aldershot, U.K.: Elgar; distributed in the U.S. by Ashgate, Brookfield, Vt. Pages: 100-117 Short Title: The Estimation and Application of Long Memory Time Series Models Reprint Edition: [1983] Keywords: Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Notes: Accession Number: 0418825; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-662-0; Keywords: Estimation; Time Series; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199707 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 683 Author: Ghosal, S.; Lockwood, B. Year: 2003 Title of Work: INFORMATION AGGREGATION, COSTLY VOTING AND COMMON VALUES Institution: University of Warwick, Department of Economics, The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) Pages: 21 pages Short Title: INFORMATION AGGREGATION, COSTLY VOTING AND COMMON VALUES DOI: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/papers/twerp670.pdf Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Asymmetric and Private Information D820 Abstract: In a model of majority voting with common values and costly but voluntary participation, we show that in the vicinity of equilibrium, it is always Pareto-improving for more agents, on the average, to vote. This demonstrates that the negative voting externality identified by Borgers(2001) in the context of private values is always dominated by a positive informational externality. In addition, we show that multiple Pareto-ranked voting equilibria may exist and moreover, majority voting with compulsory participation can Pareto dominate majority voting with voluntary participation. Finally, we show that the inefficiency result is robust to limited preference heterogeneity Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0856832; Keywords: Voting; information; pivot; externality; inefficiency; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200607 URL: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/papers/twerp670.pdf Author Address: Department of Economics, University of Warwick Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 238 Author: Ghosal, S.; Lockwood, B. Year: 2009 Title: Costly Voting When Both Information and Preferences Differ: Is Turnout Too High or Too Low? Journal: Social Choice and Welfare Volume: 33 Issue: 1 Pages: 25-50 Short Title: Costly Voting When Both Information and Preferences Differ: Is Turnout Too High or Too Low? ISSN: 01761714 DOI: http://www.springerlink.com/link.asp?id=100385 Accession Number: 1065056 Alternate Accession Number: EP37699493 Keywords: Social Choice Clubs Committees Associations D710 Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Abstract: We study a model of costly voting over two alternatives, where agents' preferences are determined by both (i) a private preference in favour of one alternative e.g., candidates' policies, and (ii) heterogeneous information in the form of noisy signals about a commonly valued state of the world e.g., candidate competence. We show that depending on the level of the personal bias (weight on private preference), voting is either according to private preferences or according to signals. When voting takes place according to private preferences, there is an unique equilibrium with inefficiently high turnout. In contrast, when voting takes place according to signals, turnout is locally too low. Multiple Pareto-ranked voting equilibria may exist and in particular, compulsory voting may Pareto dominate voluntary voting. Moreover, an increase in personal bias can cause turnout to rise or fall, and an increase in the accuracy of information may cause a switch to voting on the basis of signals and thus lower turnout, even though it increases welfare. Notes: Keywords: Equilibria; Equilibrium; Voting; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200910; Copyright: Copyright of Social Choice & Welfare is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00355-008-0344-6 http://www.springerlink.com/link.asp?id=100385 Author Address: U Warwick Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1150 Author: Ghysels, E.; Harvey, A.; Renault, E. Year: 1995 Title of Work: Stochastic Volatility Institution: Universite catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE), CORE Discussion Papers: 1995069 Short Title: Stochastic Volatility Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1030070; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200905 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 1151 Author: Ghysels, E.; Harvey, A. C.; Renault, E. Year: 1996 Title: Stochastic Volatility Editor: G. S. Maddala and C. R. Rao Book Title: Statistical methods of finance Publisher: Handbook of Statistics series, vol. 14. Amsterdam; New York and Oxford: Elsevier, North-Holland Pages: 119-191 Short Title: Stochastic Volatility Keywords: Asset Pricing Trading volume Bond Interest Rates G120 Model Construction and Estimation C510 Notes: Accession Number: 0466930; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-444-81964-9; ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199807 Author Address: PA State U and CIRANO, U Montreal London School of Econ Institut D'Economie Industrielle and U Sciences Sociales, Toulouse Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 118 Author: Gillie, A.; Slater, M.; Biswas, T.; Cross, R.; Cullis, J.; Fletcher, G. A.; Lockwood, B.; Aldrich, J.; Davidson, J.; Bradley, I.; Hudson, J.; Norman, G.; Bonner, J.; Moore, L.; Hey, J. D.; Lewis, G.; Peach, T.; Winnett, A.; Papps, I.; Blaug, M. Year: 1988 Title: BOOK NOTES Volume: 98 Issue: 389 Pages: 224-265 Short Title: BOOK NOTES ISSN: 00130133 Accession Number: EP4531931 Partial authors List Notes: ; Publication Type: Book Review; Copyright: Copyright of Economic Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 908 Author: Gonzales, P.; Hindriks, J.; Lockwood, B.; Porteiro, N. Year: 2006 Title of Work: Political Budget Cycles and Fiscal Decentralization Institution: University of Warwick, Department of Economics, The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) Pages: 36 pages Short Title: Political Budget Cycles and Fiscal Decentralization DOI: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/papers/twerp_742.pdf Abstract: In this paper, we study a model a la Rogoff (1990) where politicians distort fiscal policy to signal their competency, but where fiscal policy can be centralized or decentralized. Our main focus is on how the equilibrium probability that fiscal policy is distorted in any region (the political budget cycle, PBC) differs across fiscal regimes. With centralization, there are generally two effects that change the incentive for pooling behavior and thus the probability of a PBC. One is the possibility of selective distortion: the incumbent can be re-elected with the support of just a majority of regions. The other is a cost distribution effect, which is present unless the random cost of producing the public goods is perfectly correlated across regions. Both these effects work in the same direction, with the general result that overall, the PBC probability is larger under centralization (decentralization) when the rents to office are low (high). Voter welfare under the two regimes is also compared: voters tend to be better off when the PBC probability is lower, so voters may either gain or lose from centralization. Our results are robust to a number of changes in the specification of the model. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0856460; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200607 URL: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/papers/twerp_742.pdf Author Address: Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Spain Universite Catholique de Louvain, Belgium University of Warwick Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 906 Author: Gonzalez, P.; Hindriks, J.; Lockwood, B.; Porteiro, N. Year: 2006 Title of Work: Political budget cycles and fiscal decentralization Institution: Universite catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE), CORE Discussion Papers: 2006031 Short Title: Political budget cycles and fiscal decentralization DOI: http://www.core.ucl.ac.be/services/psfiles/dp06/dp2006_31.pdf Abstract: In this paper, we study a model ' a la Rogoff (1990) where politicians distort fiscal policy to signal their competency, but where fiscal policy can be centralized or decentralized. Our main focus is on how the equilibrium probability that fiscal policy is distorted in any region (the political budget cycle, PBC) differs across fiscal regimes. With centralization, there are generally two effects that change the incentive for pooling behavior and thus the probability of a PBC. One is the possibility of selective distortion: the incumbent can be re-elected with the support of just a ma jority of regions. The other is a cost distribution effect, which is present unless the random cost of producing the public goods is perfectly correlated across regions. Both these effects work in the same direction, with the general result that overall, the PBC probability is larger under centralization (decentralization) when the rents to office are low (high). Voter welfare under the two regimes is also compared: voters tend to be better of when the PBC probability is lower, so voters may either gain or lose from centralization. Our results are robust to a number of changes in the specification of the model. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 1030899; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200905 URL: http://www.core.ucl.ac.be/services/psfiles/dp06/dp2006_31.pdf Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 905 Author: Gonzalez, P.; Hindriks, J. J. G.; Lockwood, B.; Porteiro, N. Year: 2006 Title of Work: Political Budget Cycles and Fiscal Decentralization Institution: C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, CEPR Discussion Papers: 5646 Short Title: Political Budget Cycles and Fiscal Decentralization DOI: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP5646.asp Keywords: Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D720 Business Fluctuations Cycles E320 Fiscal Policy E620 Public Goods H410 Abstract: In this paper, we study a model a la Rogoff (1990) where politicians distort fiscal policy to signal their competency, but where fiscal policy can be centralized or decentralized. Our main focus is on how the equilibrium probability that fiscal policy is distorted in any region (the political budget cycle, PBC) differs across fiscal regimes. With centralization, there are generally two effects that change the incentive for pooling behavior and thus the probability of a PBC. One is the possibility of selective distortion: the incumbent can be re-elected with the support of just a majority of regions. The other is a cost distribution effect, which is present unless the random cost of producing the public goods is perfectly correlated across regions. Both these effects work in the same direction, with the general result that overall, the PBC probability is larger under centralization (decentralization) when the rents to office are low (high). Voter welfare under the two regimes is also compared: voters tend to be better off when the PBC probability is lower, so voters may either gain or lose from centralization. Our results are robust to a number of changes in the specification of the model. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0872753; Keywords: fiscal decentralization; local public goods; political budget cycle; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200611 URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP5646.asp Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 1524 Author: Goodman, A.; Kaplan, G.; Walker, I. Year: 2004 Title of Work: Understanding the effects of early motherhood in Britain: the effects on mothers Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W04/20 Pages: 43 pp. Short Title: Understanding the effects of early motherhood in Britain: the effects on mothers DOI: http://www.ifs.org.uk/wps/wp0420.pdf Keywords: Wage Level and Structure Wage Differentials J310 Abstract: This paper examines the socio-economic consequences of teenage motherhood for a cohort of British women born in 1970. We apply a number of different methodologies on the same dataset, including OLS, a propensity score matching estimator, and an instrumental variables estimator, using miscarriages as an instrument. We bound the biases introduced through IV due to non-randomness, and misreporting of the instrument. Our results are sensitive to the methodologies used. Taking only observed characteristics into account, the effects of teenage motherhood appear large and negative. The pathways are through bigger family size, and negative labour market outcomes for the mother and her partner, and are mitigated by transfers from the state through the British benefit system. Our IV estimates show that almost all these effects are reduced to zero once unobserved heterogeneity is taken into account. However our IV bounds show that biases introduced by non-randomness and misreporting of our instrument could be responsible for all of this apparent reduction in effects. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0769052; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200504 URL: http://www.ifs.org.uk/wps/wp0420.pdf Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Institute for Fiscal Studies and University of Warwick Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 878 Author: Graham, C. Year: 2005 Title: Options and Outcomes of Chile's Education Reforms, 1990-2000: Comment Editor: T. Besley and R. Zagha Book Title: Development Challenges in the 1990s: Leading Policymakers Speak from Experience Publisher: Washington, D.C.: World Bank; New York: Oxford University Press Pages: 316-318 Short Title: Options and Outcomes of Chile's Education Reforms, 1990-2000: Comment Keywords: Education: Government Policy I280 Economic Development: Human Resources Human Development Income Distribution Migration O150 Notes: Accession Number: 0835758; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-8213-5872-3; Keywords: Education; Geographic Descriptors: Chile; Geographic Region: Latin America and the Caribbean; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200605 Author Address: Brookings Institution Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Record Number: 1072 Author: Graham-Brown, S. Year: 1999 Title: Sanctioning Saddam: The politics of intervention in Iraq Publisher: London: Tauris in association with Middle East Research and Information Project; distributed by St. Martin's Press, New York Number of Pages: xvii Short Title: Sanctioning Saddam: The politics of intervention in Iraq Keywords: Trade Policy International Trade Organizations F130 National Security and War H560 Abstract: Explores the history of political, economic, and humanitarian interventions in Iraq by the international community since 1991. Examines the formulation of international policy on Iraq by the United Nations and individual governments over the period 1991-98 and how Iraq has responded, focusing in detail on the politics of economic sanctions and the effects of the measures taken in 1991 and 1992 to protect and provide aid for the vulnerable sections of the Iraqi population. Assesses the impact of postwar international intervention on the Iraqi state. Discusses Iraqi society and the experience of Iraqi Kurdistan since 1991. Examines the politics of the United Nations' humanitarian aid program and the influence and effectiveness of nongovernmental organizations working in different parts of the country. Graham-Brown has worked with British aid agencies running aid programs in Iraq. Bibliography; index. Notes: Accession Number: 0506343; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-86064-473-2; Keywords: Policy; Publication Type: Book; Update Code: 200001 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 729 Author: Granger, C. W. J. Year: 1994 Title: Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods Editor: A. Harvey Book Title: Time series. Volume 2. Publisher: Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Econometrics, vol. 5. Aldershot, U.K.: Elgar; distributed in the U.S. by Ashgate, Brookfield, Vt. Pages: 3-17 Short Title: Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods Reprint Edition: [1969] Keywords: Model Evaluation and Selection C520 Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C320 Single Equation Models Single Variables: Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions C220 Notes: Accession Number: 0418848; Reviewed Book ISBN: 1-85278-662-0; Keywords: Econometrics; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199707 Author Address: Unlisted Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Record Number: 257 Author: Greenaway, D. e. Year: 1996 Title: Current issues in international trade Publisher: Second edition. Current Issues in Economics series. New York: St. Martin's Press; London: Macmillan Press Number of Pages: xii Short Title: Current issues in international trade Keywords: Trade: General F100 Abstract: Nine papers provide insights into current issues in international trade. The current edition includes substantial changes reflecting recent developments. Papers discuss models of international trade in differentiated goods (Henryk Kierzkowski); capital goods and the pure theory of trade (Ian Steedman and J. S. Metcalfe); the theory and policy of adjustment in an open economy (J. Peter Neary); empirical analyses of international trade flows (P. K. M. Tharakan and G. Calfat); strategic trade policy (Klaus Stegemann); economic aspects of voluntary export restraints (Carl Hamilton and G. V. Reed); the empirical analysis of the welfare effects of commercial policy (Chris Milner); the political economy of protection (Bruno S. Frey and Hannelore Weck-Hannemann); and international economic integration (Ali M. El-Agraa). Greenaway is Professor of Economics at the University of Nottingham. Author and subject indexes. Notes: Accession Number: 0392183; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-312-12594-1; Keywords: International Trade; Trade; Publication Type: Book; Update Code: 199610 Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 614 Author: Gregory, R. Year: 1995 Title: How Precise Are Monetary Representations of Environmental Improvements? Journal: Land Economics Volume: 71 Issue: 4 Pages: 462-473 Short Title: How Precise Are Monetary Representations of Environmental Improvements? ISSN: 00237639 DOI: http://le.uwpress.org/ Accession Number: 0374279 Alternate Accession Number: EP9511305185 Partial authors List Keywords: Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources Q260 Abstract: Subjects valued environmental goods using a response mode expressing willingness to pay as a multiplier or divider of a purported 'budgetary unit.' Hypothetical willingness to pay was found to be highly dependent on the size of the budgetary unit. Rejecting two other interpretations, the authors believe the results suggest that people's contingent values are only vaguely represented in monetary terms; any dollar amount within a broad range is considered an acceptable expression of value. Although the procedures differ from those of a typical contingent valuation survey, the results demonstrate some of the difficulties in discovering precise monetary values for environmental resources. Coauthors are Sarah Lichtenstein, Thomas C. Brown, George L. Peterson, and Paul Slovic. Notes: ; Keywords: Willingness to Pay; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199603; Copyright: Copyright of Land Economics is the property of University of Wisconsin Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. URL: http://le.uwpress.org/ Author Address: Decision Research, Eugene Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 573 Author: Griffith, R. Year: 1992 Title: Green Investment: Using Annual Reports for Ethical Decision-Making: Postscript Editor: D. Owen Book Title: Green reporting: Accountancy and the challenge of the nineties Publisher: New York; London and Melbourne: Chapman and Hall Pages: 256-261 Short Title: Green Investment: Using Annual Reports for Ethical Decision-Making: Postscript Keywords: General Aggregative Models: Marxian Sraffian Institutional Evolutionary E110 Corporate Culture Social Responsibility M140 Renewable Resources and Conservation: General Q200 Notes: Accession Number: 0357544; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-412-40130-4; Keywords: Ethical; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199507 Author Address: Ethical Investment Research Service Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 34 Author: Griffith, R. Year: 1996 Title: A Note on the Taxation of Capital Income in the Czech Republic and Poland Journal: Fiscal Studies Volume: 17 Issue: 3 Pages: 91-103 Short Title: A Note on the Taxation of Capital Income in the Czech Republic and Poland ISSN: 01435671 DOI: http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0143-5671 Accession Number: 0397608 Keywords: Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H250 Notes: Keywords: Taxation; Geographic Descriptors: Poland; Czech Republic; Geographic Region: Europe; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199612 URL: http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0143-5671 Author Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 955 Author: Griffith, R. Year: 1999 Title of Work: Productivity and foreign ownership in the UK car industry Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W99/11 Pages: 37 pages Short Title: Productivity and foreign ownership in the UK car industry DOI: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp9911.pdf Keywords: Production Cost Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity Capacity D240 International Investment Long-term Capital Movements F210 Organization of Production L230 Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709534; Keywords: foreign direct investment, productivity, multinational firms; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp9911.pdf Author Address: IFS Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Unpublished Work Record Number: 945 Author: Griffith, R. Year: 2001 Title of Work: Product market competition, efficiency and agency costs: an empirical analysis Institution: Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Papers: W01/12 Pages: 32 pages Short Title: Product market competition, efficiency and agency costs: an empirical analysis DOI: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp0112.pdf Keywords: Production and Organizations: General D200 Market Structure and Pricing: Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection D430 Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Models with Panel Data Longitudinal Data Spatial Time Series C330 Abstract: Policy makers in Europe have been concerned that lack of product market competition have led productivity to lag behind the US. Theoretical models are ambiguous about the direction of the effect that product market competition should have on productivity. On the one hand increasing competition lowers firm's profits and thus reduces incentives to exert effort (the Schumpeterian effect), on the other hand it reduces agency costs (or increases the risk of bankruptcy) thus increasing incentives to exert effort. This paper uses panel data on UK establishments over the period 1980-1996 to investigate the relationship between product market competition and productivity levels and growth rates. The introduction of the European Union Single Market Programme (SMP) is used as an instrument for the change in product market competition. The SMP was ex ante expected to affect competition in some industries but not others. It is shown that the Lerner Index fell in the affected industries after the SMP by more than in the non-affected. The results suggest that the increase in product market competition brought about by SMP led to an increase in overall levels of efficiency and growth rates. The sample of firms is then split into those with a principal-agent set up and those without. The increase in efficiency occurred in principal-agent type firms, and not in those where managerial control and ownership were more closely related. These results suggest that product market competition can play an important role in reducing agency costs and may explain some of the poor performance of European economies. Notes: Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org Accession Number: 0709484; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 200404 URL: http://www.ifs.org.uk/workingpapers/wp0112.pdf Author Address: IFS Name of Database: eoh Database Provider: EBSCOhost Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 1210 Author: Griffith, R. Year: 2007 Title: Technology, Productivity and Public Policy Journal: Fiscal Studies Volume: 28 Issue: 3 Pages: 273-291 Short Title: Technology, Productivity and